Conclusions and Implications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Rich Countries

The concluding chapter provides a thematic overview in order to bring out from the range of findings presented in the book the main messages and their implications. In doing so, it highlights that the wide variation across OECD countries in how the circumstances of middle and lower income households have evolved—documented and analysed throughout the book in various dimensions—has critical implications for the quest for inclusive growth. While there are some important commonalities across rich countries, it may not be helpful to frame their experiences mostly in terms of the types of encompassing ‘grand narratives’ that are now in vogue, and seek on that basis to produce a common set of policy prescriptions where ‘one size fits all’.

Generating Prosperity for Working Families in Affluent Countries

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Working Families ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Analysis Of Performance

This book addresses the central challenge facing rich countries: how to ensure that ordinary working families see their living standards and the prospects for their children improve rather than stagnate over time. It presents the findings from a comprehensive analysis of performance over recent decades across the rich countries of the OECD, in terms of real income growth around and below the middle. It relates this performance to overall economic growth, exploring why these often diverge substantially, and to the different models of capitalism or economic growth embedded in different countries. In-depth comparative and UK-focused analyses also focus on wages and the labour market and on the role of redistribution. Going beyond income, other indicators and aspects of living standards are also incorporated including non-monetary indicators of deprivation and financial strain, wealth and its distribution, and intergenerational mobility. By looking across this broad canvas, the book teases out how ordinary households have fared in recent decades in these critically important respects, and how that should inform the quest for inclusive growth and prosperity.

scholarly journals Global inequalities in taxing rights: An early evaluation of the OECD tax reform proposals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Cobham ◽  
Tommaso Faccio ◽  
Valpy FitzGerald
Keyword(s):  
Tax Reform ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Corporate Taxation ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Early Evaluation ◽  
Public Evaluation ◽  
Independent Commission ◽  
Lower Income Countries

The current OECD process to reform the international rules governing corporate tax, aimed to achieve a consensus solution by 2020, has finally recognised the need to introduce elements of formulary apportionment to allocate the profits of multinationals and is framed explicitly in terms of redistributing taxing rights between countries. In this paper we provide the first public evaluation of the redistribution of taxing rights associated with the leading proposals of the OECD, IMF and the Independent Commission for the Reform of International Corporate Taxation (ICRICT). The first key finding is that that reallocation of taxing rights towards “market jurisdictions”, as it is currently understood, is likely to be of little benefit to non-OECD countries. Indeed, the proposal is likely to reduce revenues for a range of lower-income countries. Second, all of the proposals deliver a much broader distribution of benefits if some element of taxing rights is apportioned according to the location of multinationals’ employment, and not only of sales.

scholarly journals Belgium, a Poster Child for Inclusive Growth?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ive Marx ◽  
Gerlinde Verbist
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Wage Setting ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Dramatic Growth

This chapter sets out the key trends in inequality and in household incomes for Belgium. It teases out why Belgium has been relatively successful, compared with other rich countries, in maintaining reasonable if not dramatic growth in real incomes for the middle, while limiting increases in inequality. The key features which underpin these outcomes are examined in depth. These relate in particular to the wage-setting institutions for individual earnings, the evolution of labour-force participation and employment and what underpins this, and the redistributive structures of the tax and transfer systems and policies implemented in that respect. This analysis brings out the extent to which institutions and policies have been framed to serve the interests of the broadly defined middle class, while a substantial low-income group face particular challenges.

The Evolution of Living Standards for Middle and Lower Income Households in OECD Countries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Nolan ◽  
Stefan Thewissen
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rich Countries

This chapter carries out and presents the findings from an in-depth comparative analysis of real income growth around and below the middle of the income distribution across the rich countries of the OECD over recent decades. It examines trends in real incomes for the entire population and for working age households only, and sets the evolution of incomes around the middle in each country against what has been happening lower down and higher up the distribution. This allows the range of experiences across countries in these terms to be captured, providing the base which subsequent chapters seek to probe and get behind.

An Inquiry into the Efficiency of Carbon Pricing Policy: A study of Sweden, United Kingdom, and Japan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Thomas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Carbon Pricing ◽  
Pricing Policies ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
The Impact

This study uses an exploratory research methodology to analyse the efficiency of carbon pricing policies in driving sustainable development by effectively reducing carbon emissions, encouraging research and development of alternative energy sources and innovations. The study also attempts to assess the impact of carbon pricing as a driver for inclusive growth. This is through the analysis of relevant indicators to evaluate the distributive policies used by the governments to mitigate the disproportionate effect of lower income households is analysed

Inequality and Ordinary Living Standards in OECD Countries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Nolan ◽  
Stefan Thewissen
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Recent Commentary ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Distribution Of Income

This chapter focuses on how the patterns of real income growth or stagnation seen in Chapter 2 are related to changes to inequality in the distribution of income, which has played such a prominent role in recent commentary and debate. It examines how income inequality has evolved over recent decades across the rich countries, both overall and in terms of the share going to the very top of the distribution, and highlights key factors in driving inequality upwards—albeit differentially across countries and time-periods. The ways in which rising inequality may undermine real income growth for middle and lower income households are discussed, and the empirical relationship between inequality and such real income growth over recent decades across the rich countries is analysed. Alongside real income growth or its absence, some other ways of looking at whether ‘the middle’ has been ‘squeezed’ in income terms are also explored.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Central Concern ◽  
Working Families ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rich Countries

This chapter sets out the central challenge facing rich countries, on which this volume is focused: how to restore inclusive economic growth and prosperity. It describes how rising inequality in the rich countries over recent decades is now widely seen as undermining growth and even more so the living standards and prospects of ordinary working families. It reviews key themes in the debate about why inequality has been rising, and why this should be such a central concern. The chapter then outlines the approach taken in this book, which is to examine in depth the experiences of ten rich countries, posing the same set of questions about what has happened to inequality and ordinary living standards over recent decades, and why. The aim is to learn from these varying experiences, analysed through a common lens, about how inclusive growth can best be supported.

Inequality and Inclusive Growth in Rich Countries

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
The Political ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Political Will ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rich Countries

This book addresses the central challenge facing rich countries: how to promote growth and prosperity that is widely shared rather than concentrated at the top. Rising inequality in income and wealth across the rich-world members of the OECD has been widely recognized and identified as a major concern; this book links this phenomenon with stagnation in wages and incomes for ordinary working households, which are also increasingly seen as threatening social and political stability. The book aims to identify what structures and policies are associated with success or failure in limiting the rise in inequality and promoting income growth for those in the middle and lower reaches of the income distribution. It does so by analysing the varying experiences of ten rich countries over recent decades in depth, through a common analytical lens. This brings out that there are indeed responses that governments and societies can adopt, stagnation and rising do not have to be accepted but can be combatted given the political will and capacity.

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