Co-semiosis and other interpersonal activities

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Hans-Jörg Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Shared Intentionality ◽  
Strong Potential ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Mutual Belief

This chapter discusses interpersonal activities which have the potential to feed into conventionalization and entrenchment. Co-semiosis is the most important interpersonal activity. It is defined as the negotiation of the mutual belief of mutual understanding and shared intentionality. It is based on the licensing potential of utterance types. Co-adaptation is the tendency to repeat and adopt aspects of the speech or style of others in a usage event. It is also known as accommodation, alignment, persistence, etc. Arguably, co-adaptation has a strong potential for the conventionalization and entrenchment of all kinds of utterance types. Co-construction is another important interpersonal activity closely related to the negotiation of shared intentionality. Further interpersonal activities which are important for the conventionalization of utterance types and the entrenchment of patterns of associations are turn-taking and illocutionary and perlocutionary acts, mitigating, stance-taking, and acts of identity, i.e. self-presentation and positioning.

scholarly journals Disruptive online communication: How asymmetric trolling-like response strategies steer conversation off the track

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henna Paakki ◽  
Heidi Vepsäläinen ◽  
Antti Salovaara
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Online Discussions ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Online Behavior ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Joint Maintenance

AbstractInternet trolling, a form of antisocial online behavior, is a serious problem plaguing social media. Skillful trolls can lure entire communities into degenerative and polarized discussions that continue endlessly. From analysis of data gathered in accordance with established classifications of trolling-like behavior, the paper presents a conversation analysis of trolling-like interaction strategies that disrupt online discussions. The authors argue that troll-like users exploit other users’ desire for common grounding – i.e., joint maintenance of mutual understanding and seeking of conversational closure – by responding asymmetrically. Their responses to others deviate from expectations for typical paired actions in turn-taking. These asymmetries, described through examples of three such behaviors – ignoring, mismatching, and challenging – lead to dissatisfactory interactions, in that they subvert other users’ desire for clarification and explanation of contra-normative social behavior. By avoiding clarifications, troll-like users easily capture unsuspecting users’ attention and manage to prolong futile conversations interminably. Through the analysis, the paper connects trolling-like asymmetric response strategies with concrete data and addresses the implications of this nonconformist behavior for common grounding in social-media venues.

scholarly journals The Intellectualisation of the Malay Language in Interreligious Dialogue

2019 ◽  
pp. 1614-1619
Author(s):  
Munif Zarirruddin Fikri Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Close Association ◽  
Language Planning ◽  
Interreligious Dialogue ◽  
Religious Language ◽  
National Language ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Religious Truth ◽  
Strong Potential

The Malay language is the national language of Malaysia’s multireligious and multiracial society. Due to a close association between Islam and Malay, the Muslim hegemony controls the religious truth of the meaning and interpretation in the Malay language. However, to enhance the role of the Malay language to be an inclusive religious language, it is important to intellectualise the language through interreligious dialogue in Malaysia. The study aims at (1) analysing the needs of the intellectualisation of the Malay language as a religious language in Malaysian interreligious dialogue, and (2) explaining the process of the intellectualisation of the Malay language in Malaysian interreligious dialogue. The main approaches of the study are Syed Hussein Alatas (1977) idea of intellectualism in the sociology of development and Asmah Haji Omar (1993) suggestion of intellectualisation in language planning. There are two types of data. Firstly, the news on interreligious dialogue in Berita Harian, an online Malay newspaper. Secondly, the answers given by four sociolinguists in their interviews covering questions on the needs and the process of the intellectualisation of the Malay language. The intellectualisation of the Malay language refers to the ability of the language to express intellectually the religious messages of all religions in Malaysia, which can be done through two different ways: linguistic and non-linguistic perspectives. The findings suggest that the intellectualisation of the Malay language as a religious language in Malaysian interreligious dialogue has strong potential for strengthening mutual understanding, respect and tolerance among the followers of different religions who participate in the dialogue.

How is the moral stance related to the intentional stance and group thinking?

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Rakoczy
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Intentional Stance ◽  
Cognitive Capacities ◽  
Shared Intentionality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group Thinking ◽  
Moral Stance

Abstract The natural history of our moral stance told here in this commentary reveals the close nexus of morality and basic social-cognitive capacities. Big mysteries about morality thus transform into smaller and more manageable ones. Here, I raise questions regarding the conceptual, ontogenetic, and evolutionary relations of the moral stance to the intentional and group stances and to shared intentionality.

Shared Intentionality, joint commitment, and directed obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Account ◽  
Joint Commitment ◽  
Shared Intentionality

Abstract Tomasello frequently refers to joint commitment, but does not fully characterize it. In earlier publications, I have offered a detailed account of joint commitment, tying it to a sense that the parties form a “we,” and arguing that it grounds directed obligations and rights. Here I outline my understanding of joint commitment and its normative impact.

A Pilot Study of Early Storybook Reading With Babies With Hearing Loss

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 3397-3412
Author(s):  
Michelle I. Brown ◽  
David Trembath ◽  
Marleen F. Westerveld ◽  
Gail T. Gillon
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Storybook Reading ◽  
Book Selection ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Parent Child

Purpose This pilot study explored the effectiveness of an early storybook reading (ESR) intervention for parents with babies with hearing loss (HL) for improving (a) parents' book selection skills, (b) parent–child eye contact, and (c) parent–child turn-taking. Advancing research into ESR, this study examined whether the benefits from an ESR intervention reported for babies without HL were also observed in babies with HL. Method Four mother–baby dyads participated in a multiple baseline single-case experimental design across behaviors. Treatment effects for parents' book selection skills, parent–child eye contact, and parent–child turn-taking were examined using visual analysis and Tau-U analysis. Results Statistically significant increases, with large to very large effect sizes, were observed for all 4 participants for parent–child eye contact and parent–child turn-taking. Limited improvements with ceiling effects were observed for parents' book selection skills. Conclusion The findings provide preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of an ESR intervention for babies with HL for promoting parent–child interactions through eye contact and turn-taking.

Engaging Undergraduate Students in Child Language Research

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-16
Author(s):  
Jade H. Coston ◽  
Corine Myers-Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Student Growth ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Research Dissemination ◽  
Language Sampling ◽  
Language Research ◽  
Language Sample Analysis ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Assessment Techniques

To better prepare the professionals and scholars of tomorrow in the field of communication sciences and disorders (CSD), a research project in which undergraduate students collected and analyzed language samples of child-parent dyads is presented. Student researchers gained broad and discipline-specific inquiry skills related to the ethical conduct of research, the literature review process, data collection using language assessment techniques, language sample analysis, and research dissemination. Undergraduate students majoring in CSD developed clinical research knowledge, skills, and dispositions necessary for future graduate level study and professional employment. In addition to the benefits of student growth and development, language samples collected through this project are helping to answer research questions regarding communicative turn-taking opportunities within the everyday routines of young children, the effects of turn-taking interactions on language development, and the construct validity of language sampling analysis techniques.

Perceived Mutual Understanding (PMU)

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Burtscher ◽  
Jeannette Oostlander
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Team Cognition ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Team Processes ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Item Parameters ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. Team cognition plays an important role in predicting team processes and outcomes. Thus far, research has focused on structured cognition while paying little attention to perceptual cognition. The lack of research on perceptual team cognition can be attributed to the absence of an appropriate measure. To address this gap, we introduce the construct of perceived mutual understanding (PMU) as a type of perceptual team cognition and describe the development of a respective measure – the PMU-scale. Based on three samples from different team settings ( NTotal = 566), our findings show that the scale has good psychometric properties – both at the individual as well as at the team-level. Item parameters were improved during a multistage process. Exploratory as well as confirmatory factor analyses indicate that PMU is a one-dimensional construct. The scale demonstrates sufficient internal reliability. Correlational analyses provide initial proof of construct validity. Finally, common indicators for inter-rater reliability and inter-rater agreement suggest that treating PMU as a team-level construct is justified. The PMU-scale represents a convenient and versatile measure that will potentially foster empirical research on perceptual team cognition and thereby contribute to the advancement of team cognition research in general.

MMPI-2 in Child Custody Litigation

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Roma ◽  
Federica Ricci ◽  
Georgios D. Kotzalidis ◽  
Luigi Abbate ◽  
Anna Lubrano Lavadera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Custody ◽  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Custody Evaluations ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Clinical Scales ◽  
Forensic Assessments ◽  
Child Custody Evaluations ◽  
Italian Women

In recent years, several studies have addressed the issue of positive self-presentation bias in assessing parents involved in postdivorce child custody litigations. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) is widely used in forensic assessments and is able to evaluate positive self-presentation through its Superlative Self-Presentation S scale. We investigated the existence of a gender effect on positive self-presentation bias in an Italian sample of parents involved in court evaluation. Participants were 391 divorced parents who completed the full 567-item Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 during child custody evaluations ordered by several Italian courts between 2006 and 2010. Our analysis considered the S scale along with the basic clinical scales. North-American studies had shown no gender differences in child custody litigations. Differently, our results showed a significantly higher tendency toward “faking-good” profiles on the MMPI-2 among Italian women as compared to men and as compared to the normative Italian female population. Cultural and social factors could account for these differences.

Applicants’ Self-Presentational Behavior

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Jansen ◽  
Cornelius J. König ◽  
Eveline H. Stadelmann ◽  
Martin Kleinmann
Keyword(s):  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Randomized Response Technique ◽  
Randomized Response ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Actual Use

This study contributes to the literature on self-presentation by comparing recruiters’ expectations about applicants’ self-presentational behaviors in personnel selection settings to applicants’ actual use of these behaviors. Recruiters (N = 51) rated the perceived appropriateness of 24 self-presentational behaviors. In addition, the prevalence of these behaviors was separately assessed in two subsamples of applicants (N1 = 416 and N2 = 88) with the randomized response technique. In line with the script concept, the results revealed that recruiters similarly evaluated the appropriateness of specific self-presentational behaviors and that applicants’ general use of these behaviors corresponded to recruiters’ shared expectations. The findings indicate that applicants who use strategic self-presentational behaviors may just be trying to fulfill situational requirements.

The Social Psychology of Self-Presentation

1990 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-373
Author(s):  
Donelson R. Forsyth
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
The Social
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