The Poor and the Fight for Custody, 1926–1936

The Madrid court became a battleground for relatives contesting child custody and their personal conflicts became channelled into the state. Mothers used their agency and the courts to win custody in the face of a wider legal system that empowered husbands over wives. Grandparents, and frequently maternal grandparents, also used the courts to overcome paternal rights to guardianship, although daughters-in-law they presented as immoral could also lose custody of their children. Parents themselves could also denounce their own children to ensure they were taken into care. For their part, children could also flee their homes or denounce their parents. Court staff caught up in these conflicts remained loyal to the idea of the dangerous parent and continued to advocate removal or reform through the faith. That said, the use of probation meant that family bonds often survived.

A model for predicting court decisions on child custody

Awarding joint or sole custody is of crucial importance for the lives of both the child and the parents. This paper first models the factors explaining a court’s decision to grant child custody and later tests the predictive capacity of the proposed model. We conducted an empirical study using data from 1,884 court rulings, identifying and labeling factual elements, legal principles, and other relevant information. We developed a neural network model that includes eight factual findings, such as the relationship between the parents and their economic resources, the child’s opinion, and the psychological report on the type of custody. We performed a temporal validation using cases later in time than those in the training sample for prediction. Our system predicted the court’s decisions with an accuracy exceeding 85%. We obtained easy-to-apply decision rules with the decision tree technique. The paper contributes by identifying the factors that best predict joint custody, which is useful for parents, lawyers, and prosecutors. Parents would do well to know these findings before venturing into a courtroom.

Dasar Pertimbangan Hakim Menetapkan Hak Asuh Anak Kepada Suami Selaku Pemohon pada Pengadilan Agama Jambi

Husband or wife are parents who have the same right and obligation to take care of their children, but because of a divorce, the control and management of the children cannot be done together, resulting in a dispute between the two parents. On the basis of this, the child will bear the consequences of the divorce carried out by both parents. The purposes of this study are: a) To find out and analyze what is the basis for the judge's consideration in determining child custody given to the husband as the applicant at the Jambi Religious Court and b) To find out and analyze the legal consequences of child custody given to the husband as the applicant. The research method used in this paper is an empirical juridical approach. The conclusion of this study is that in case Number 122/Pdt.G/2019/PA. The consideration of the Panel of Judges in determining the custody of a child who has not yet reached the age of 12 years to his biological father psychologically is for the sake of realizing the problems and interests of the child himself, because if the child is assigned to his biological mother, which is based on the facts at trial the biological mother does not have the skills and the ability to meet the interests of the child normally.

JURISDICTIONAL ANALYSIS OF LAND AND BUILDING GRANTS TO UNDERAGE CHILDREN TO REALIZE LEGAL ASSURANCE

Grant is a covenant with which the giver in his life freely and cannot be taken back to hand over something to which the recipient receives the gift. As for the question of how grants to minors and symptoms should be performed and how they will be satisfied if they are given to minors. The purpose of this study is to identify the forms of legal protection, constraints, and mechanism for executing child grants and efforts to achieve their completion. The adoption of grants to minors should be accompanied by either the parents or the guardians. The study was empirical juridical, qualitative analysis. The literature of the theory referred to under section 1682 PCT chapter 37 pp no. 24 1997, on which grants still have to be made in front of PPAT. Studies that grant could be granted to minors on the condition that a parent should have a guardian or representation of a child, the problem that occurs in the granting of a child to a minor is that other families demand the right of the grant where it is performed without the consent of another sibling, the way it is done by a notary notarized deed, and then it is renewed with a firm and clear vow. For legal protection against property from minors, legal care can be made through parental or child custody, whether by law or by law, it may not be used to transfer, transfer or distribute the child's wealth unless it is granted by the court.

Ethical Models in the Double Relationship Physician-Patient when Establishing Child Custody in Parental Divorce and Separation with Intense Conflictuality: Different Concepts for Physician and for Psychologist?

"Introduction. Child custody judicial course usually are intense conflictual raising a lot of pressure both on adult parents as on children. Always require a forensic psychiatry set-up at the court request and a professional team, legal doctors, psychiatrists, psychologists of adult and children from the legal medicine institution and from the hospital. Children are carefully looked upon separately by psychologists in a special setu-up diregarding intruding and manipulation. Objective of this presentation is to identify ethical aspects of the relationship physician-patient (the adult parent and separate the child) and psychologist-patient (i.e. similar) in custody litigation. Material and methods. We have casuistry with a high diversity of parental alienation in child custody cases. Discussions: Does physicians (psychiatrist or legal doctor) and psychologists uses different ethical models and concepts to approache the adult parent or the child? Forensic psichiatry examinations are completed with psychiatry examination and psychology examination as much as documents examinations which are presented in the dossier. Social inquiry is very important. Conclusions: similar to physician-patient relationship in pediatry, psychologist-minor patient relationship is based on the same moral values and ethical principles: beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, loialty, trust, mostly in a paternalistic model to sustain always the best interest of the child/children. Lack of autonomy of the minor child creates correlativity obligations to protect his rights and to sustain the best interests of the child as a primary consideration. Beneficence in forensic psychiatry may take into consideration maintaining also beneficial emotional relationships with both parents after the separation. "