Interpretation of Marriage Rituals in Medieval Rajasthan

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-157
Author(s):  
Sabita Singh
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Marriage Customs ◽  
Age Of Marriage

This chapter has been divided into separate sections under different heads. It is observed how ceremonies and rituals of marriage helped in maintaining the caste identity of the families. The authority and superiority of a particular caste could be demonstrated through these ceremonies and rituals. Under the sub-heading of ‘Marriage, Customs and Practices in Medieval Rajasthan’ the significance of the engagement ceremony including notions of honour attached thereto, and the age of marriage which varied considerably depending on time period and caste has been appraised. The concept of Stridhan and dowry has been dealt with in the sub-section of dowry. An attempt has been made to understand the complexity of the marriage gift in its historical perspective. The changes that have occurred in the concept of dowry are also analysed. Hypergamy, polygamy and concubinage also form part of this chapter.

scholarly journals Images of physics: an explorative study of the changing character of visual images in Norwegian physics textbooks

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berit Bungum
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Pedagogical Models ◽  
The One

Images are important elements of the communication of physics in textbooks. This paper presents an explorative study of visual images in a sample of nine different Norwegian physics textbooks from 1943 till present. Analysis makes use of the dimensions content specialization, framing and formality. A set of five modes of imaging physics, that also takes characteristics of physics as a discipline into account, is constructed. A meta-analysis of transitions and contrasts between the modes represented in textbooks is then presented in a historical perspective. It is found an increased content specialisation during the time period investigated, which involves a shift from realistic to conventional images. This is associated with an altered focus from experiments to models of physics. In newer textbooks, realism is rather present through images of real scientists at work and through pedagogical models. Based on analysis of framing in images, it is argued that the role of the learner is hence altered from a potential scientist to the one of a consumer of the products of science. Further, it is shown how pedagogical models common in newer textbooks may entail an under-communicated abstraction, where the content specialisation is low while the formality of the image remains high.

Spanish and Portuguese Gilding Threads: Characterization Using Microscopic Techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 574-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Luis Perez-Rodriguez ◽  
Antonio Albardonedo ◽  
Maria Dolores Robador ◽  
Adrian Duran
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Precious Metal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Gold Silver ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Microscopic Techniques ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractGilding threads collected from Spanish and Portuguese palaces and from the embroideries and adornments of sculptures of the Virgin and Christ that form part of Sevillian Holy Week were analyzed and compared (20 artifacts were evaluated). The study covered a broad time period with examples from the 13th to 14th centuries, 18th to 20th centuries, and also including modern embroideries. A combination of scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used. The knowledge of the layered structures of the threads has provided very valuable information regarding the manufacturing techniques. The different metal threads found in the embroidery studied consisted of gold, silver, copper, and alloys of these metals and aluminium. The fabrication procedures often differed in the different workshops and changed with time. In the modern embroideries, a decrease of precious metal concentration was detected. The threads were wound around a core of silk threads.

scholarly journals Spinal vascular malformations: an historical perspective

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry Black
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Spinal Vascular Malformations ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Biological Entities ◽  
Modern Era

✓In this historical perspective, the author identifies three epochs in the development of the concepts and treatment of spinal vascular lesions: 1) early observations (1860s–1912), with the lesions during this time period recognized only at autopsy; 2) the “middle ages” (1912–1960), with surgical intervention sporadic and yielding dismal results; and 3) the modern era (beginning in the 1960s), coincident with parallel dramatic advances in radiology, microsurgical instrumentation, and anesthesiology. These advances resulted in a better understanding of the pathophysiological aspects and angioarchitecture of the lesions. Whereas the nomenclature of the lesions in the past was confusing, a new understanding of these diseases that has emerged during the modern era has permitted refinement of the classification of the lesions as distinct biological entities. Modern diagnostic imaging has enabled identification of patients who may benefit from surgical or embolic occlusion, and treatment has become rationally based. Future progress in the management of spinal vascular lesions may be anticipated, with improvement in noninvasive imaging for early detection of suspected abnormalities. Furthermore, advances in spinal cord neuroprotection may expand the range of future options for surgical or embolic intervention.

O parque de Ibirapuera e a construção da imagem de um Brasil moderno

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura de Souza Cury
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Mechanical Reproduction ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The City

This book deals with images of the Ibirapuera Park in the city of São Paulo, favoring a historical perspective and, above all, photographic sources. The main focus lies on photographic representations, because it is believed that the mechanical reproduction of this medium helped to disseminate a certain imaginary about the architectural work, the city and even the country, to the population. The images collected come from important archives and publications – both national and international – in the time period that spans from the 1950s to the 1970s. The research aimed to understand the project of “paulistaneidade” and of national identity that prompted the construction of this monument-park in peripheral socioeconomic circumstances, despite the development the city of São Paulo at the time. The aim of the book is to look into how the architectural, urban and photographic symbols of the Ibirapuera Park helped to produce aesthetic and political sense related to notions of modernity and progress, aiming to transform the urban landscape of São Paulo and of Brazil.

A Historical Perspective of Voice Management: 1940-1970

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Boone
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Training ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Past Time ◽  
Professional Experiences ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Equipment Availability ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Vocal Hyperfunction ◽  
Time Periods

Purpose: To provide the current speech-language pathologist with a historical perspective of voice management of children and adults in the time period 1940-1970, employing both literature citation and personal anecdotal experience. Method: Each decade of the time period 1940-1970 has been reviewed specific to available literature, descriptions of existing clinical voice services available, and the personal academic and clinical training of the author and his subsequent professional experiences. Equipment availability for use in measurement and treatment of respiratory and resonance problems was well established in the 1940s and early 1950s. Equipment for measuring voice pitch and voice quality arrived much later. For much of this time period, the treatment of vocal hyperfunction was primarily provided by psychologists and psychiatrists. Results: As we review the practice of clinical voice 40-60 years ago, we appreciate this past influence on what we do today in voice management. Conclusions: Without the benefit of computer assist and related instrumentation that we have today, voice management in past time periods appears to have been remarkably successful.

The Tempo and mode(S) of Prebiotic Evolution

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 419-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Lazcano
Keyword(s):  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Early Diversification ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
The Origin Of Life

AbstractDifferent current ideas on the origin of life are critically examined. Comparison of the now fashionable FeS/H2S pyrite-based autotrophic theory of the origin of life with the heterotrophic viewpoint suggest that the later is still the most fertile explanation for the emergence of life. However, the theory of chemical evolution and heterotrophic origins of life requires major updating, which should include the abandonment of the idea that the appearance of life was a slow process involving billions of years. Stability of organic compounds and the genetics of bacteria suggest that the origin and early diversification of life took place in a time period of the order of 10 million years. Current evidence suggest that the abiotic synthesis of organic compounds may be a widespread phenomenon in the Galaxy and may have a deterministic nature. However, the history of the biosphere does not exhibits any obvious trend towards greater complexity or «higher» forms of life. Therefore, the role of contingency in biological evolution should not be understimated in the discussions of the possibilities of life in the Universe.

Alteration of Mitochondria in Oxythiamine-Induced, Acute Thiamine Deficiency in the Mouse

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
Itaru Watanabe ◽  
Dante G. Scarpelli
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Thiamine Deficiency ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fatty Change ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Ad Libitum

Acute thiamine deficiency was produced in mice by the administration of oxythiamine, a thiamine analogue, superimposed upon a thiamine deficient diet. Adult male Swiss mice (30 gm. B.W.) were fed with a thiamine deficient diet ad libitumand were injected with oxythiamine (170 mg/Kg B.W.) subcutaneously on days 4 and 10. On day 11, severe lassitude and anorexia developed, followed by death within 48 hours. The animals treated daily with subcutaneous injections of thiamine (300 μg/Kg B.W.) from day 11 through 15 were kept alive. Similarly, feeding with a diet containing thiamine (600 μg/Kg B.W./day) from day 9 through 17 reversed the condition. During this time period, no fatal illness occurred in the controls which were pair-fed with a thiamine deficient diet.The oxythiamine-treated mice showed a significant enlargement of the liver, which weighed approximately 1.5 times as much as that of the pair-fed controls. By light and electron microscopy, the hepatocytes were markedly swollen due to severe fatty change and swelling of the mitochondria.

Is there a “universal” MAC equation?

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-229
Author(s):  
Robert E. Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Image Position

The search for an empirical absorption equation begins with the work of Siegbahn (1) in 1914. At that time Siegbahn showed that the value of (μ/ρ) for a given element could be expressed as a function of the wavelength (λ) of the x-ray photon by the following equationwhere C is a constant for a given material, which will have sudden jumps in value at critial absorption limits. Siegbahn found that n varied from 2.66 to 2.71 for various solids, and from 2.66 to 2.94 for various gases.Bragg and Pierce (2) , at this same time period, showed that their results on materials ranging from Al(13) to Au(79) could be represented by the followingwhere μa is the atomic absorption coefficient, Z the atomic number. Today equation (2) is known as the “Bragg-Pierce” Law. The exponent of 5/2(n) was questioned by many investigators, and that n should be closer to 3. The work of Wingardh (3) showed that the exponent of Z should be much lower, p = 2.95, however, this is much lower than that found by most investigators.

Clinical Update: Functional Capacity Evaluations—An Update

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 4-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Welch
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Disability Evaluation ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Submaximal Effort ◽  
Lack Of Sleep ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Specific Limitation

Abstract Functional capacity evaluations (FCEs) have become an important component of disability evaluation during the past 10 years to assess an individual's ability to perform the essential or specific functions of a job, both preplacement and during rehabilitation. Evaluating both job performance and physical ability is a complex assessment, and some practitioners are not yet certain that an FCE can achieve these goals. An FCE is useful only if it predicts job performance, and factors that should be assessed include overall performance; consistency of performance across similar areas of the FCE; consistency between observed behaviors during the FCE and limitations or abilities reported by the worker; objective changes (eg, blood pressure and pulse) that are appropriate relative to performance; external factors (illness, lack of sleep, or medication); and a coefficient of variation that can be measured and assessed. FCEs can identify specific movement patterns or weaknesses; measure improvement during rehabilitation; identify a specific limitation that is amenable to accommodation; and identify a worker who appears to be providing a submaximal effort. FCEs are less reliable at predicting injury risk; they cannot tell us much about endurance over a time period longer than the time required for the FCE; and the FCE may measure simple muscular functions when the job requires more complex ones.

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