Adam Smith and the Study of Ethics in a Commercial Society

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-33
Author(s):  
Stefanie Haeffele ◽  
Virgil Henry Storr
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Real World ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Social Bonds ◽  
Commercial Society ◽  
The Real ◽  
The World ◽  
Over Time

Over time, the fields of economics and ethics have become more distinct with economics focusing on the rationality of actors, the incentives they face, and the outcomes of interacting within an amoral market setting. However, in the real world, economics and ethics are more interconnected. Humans are social and ethical beings regardless of setting. Recent studies have shown that individuals reward trustworthiness, punish dishonesty, and can develop meaningful social bonds within markets. Economists, seeking to better understand the world, should incorporate ethics into their economics. We argue that Adam Smith is an exemplar of pursuing a fuller approach to social science, and utilize his arguments on both economics and ethics to advance a study of ethical markets.

scholarly journals Elastic Worlds

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Robert Pratten
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
The Real ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Over Time

In participatory transmedia experiences a wide range of player agency is desirable but can be problematic if the game and storyworld boundaries are unknown or ignored. Players breaking the world boundaries can mean an experience must be aborted or stops being fun. Yet breaking the rules is fun and in learning & development experiences like wargaming it might even be part of the goal. How then can authors of participatory experiences that play out in the real world allow players to break the rules but not break the world? How can we design an experience for the greatest player agency and the broadest scope of emergent stories yet prevent the world from travelling so far from the author’s intended state that it becomes unrecognisable, unplayable or unsuitable? This paper introduces the concept of an elastic storyworld as an alternative to a persistent storyworld: a world that stretches to accommodate unexpected player actions and yet restores itself over time. Drawing on definitions of elasticity from physics, the paper suggests ways in which authors might classify and detect player-enacted distortions and how participatory experiences might be designed to be more resilient to the stresses and strains of player agency. 

Lessons out of Chaos

2011 ◽  
pp. 124-137
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Glascock ◽  
David M. Kutzik
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Real World ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
The Real ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The World ◽  
Behavioral Monitoring ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Everyday Living

The lessons learned from nine years of the testing of a behavioral monitoring system—the Everyday Living Monitoring System (ELMS) — outside the laboratory in the real world are discussed. Initially, the real world was perceived as messy and filled with noise that just delayed and complicated the testing and development of the system. However, over time, it became clear that without embracing the chaos of the world and listening very carefully to its noise, the monitoring system could not be successfully moved from the laboratory to the real world. Specific lessons learned at each stage of development and testing are discussed, as well as the challenges that are associated with the actual commercialization of the system.

Real Jobs in the Real World: Wordsworth and Adam Smith

1994 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Stephen Copley
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
The Real

Multiple original spellings, living authors and the Code: The case of Malachius raniansis Mawlood, Hammamurad & Abdulla, 2017 (Coleoptera: Melyridae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4927 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-300
Author(s):  
ISIDOR S. PLONSKI
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
International Code ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
The Real ◽  
The World

The present communication is primarily nomenclaturial–classical taxonomy is only touched in a side note on a diagnosis. It uses technical terminology coined by Alain Dubois, who is interested in the study of the concepts and theory of biological nomenclature (i.e. the “objective connection between the real world of populations of organisms and the world of language” (Dubois & Ohler 1997)), and who discusses the current ‘International Code for Zoological Nomenclature’ [hereafter just called ‘the Code’] in great detail. The terms are explained where necessary–but see also the glossaries in Dubois et al. (2019) and the works by A. Dubois cited below. 

scholarly journals Biblical Inspirations in Nikifor’s Paintings

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Wałczyk
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
The Self ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
The Real ◽  
Ideal World ◽  
The World ◽  
Biblical Anthropology ◽  
Divine Order ◽  
The Ideal

Nikifor Krynicki (Epifaniusz Drowniak, 1895-1968) was one of the most popular non-academic Polish painters worldwide. To show the biblical inspiration in his creative output I chose two categories from various thematic aspects: self-portraits and landscapes with a church. There are plenty of Nikifor’s paintings showing him as a teacher, as a celebrating priest, as a bishop, or even as Christ. A pop­ular way to explain this idea of self-portraits is a psychological one: as a form of auto-therapy. This analysis is aims to show a deeper expla­nation for the biblical anthropology. Nikifor’s self-portraits as a priest celebrating the liturgy are a symbol of creative activity understood as a divine re-creation of the world. Such activity needs divine inspira­tion. Here are two paintings to recall: Potrójny autoportret (The triple self-portrait) and Autoportret w trzech postaciach (Self-portrait in three persons). The proper way to understand the self-identification with Christ needs a reference to biblical anthropology. To achieve our re­al-self we need to identify with Christ, whose death and resurrection bring about our whole humanity. The key impression we may have by showing Nikifor’s landscapes with a church is harmony. The painter used plenty of warm colors. Many of the critics are of the opinion that Nikifor created an imaginary, ideal world in his landscapes, the world he wanted to be there and not the real world. The thesis of this article is that Nikifor created not only the ideal world, but he also showed the source of the harmony – the divine order.

The Internationalization of Chinese English-Language Humanities and Social Science Journals

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-293
Author(s):  
Ying Huang ◽  
Weishan Miao
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Social Science ◽  
English Language ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Citation Indexes ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Time Type ◽  
Over Time

This paper surveys the status of Chinese English-language journals in the humanities and social sciences (HSS-CELJs). HSS-CELJs are an important vehicle for disseminating Chinese scholarly voices and culture throughout the world. We used a mixed-methods approach to investigate the status of HSS-CELJs according to a number of attributes: growth rate over time, type of publisher, discipline, region of publication, publishing frequency, independence versus co-publication, and inclusion in citation indexes. We discuss some of the challenges facing HSS-CELJ publishing and highlight several contradictions of internationalization in the Chinese context. As of March 2020, eighty-seven HSS-CELJs covered nineteen disciplines, among which economics (17 per cent) and law (13 per cent) accounted for the highest proportions. The establishment of HSS-CELJs has increased significantly since 2004. Fifty-two per cent of HSS-CELJs were jointly operated with international publishers under two different models of cooperation, and twenty-eight (32 per cent) were indexed in international databases.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Arunabh Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Real World ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Statistical System ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The World ◽  
Century Science ◽  
Statistical Work

This introductory chapter introduces a “crisis of counting” during the early years of the People's Republic of China (PRC). In its simplest form, the crisis in the PRC was understood as a problem of building a centralized statistical system. At the heart of the varied solutions attempted by Chinese statisticians was a contentious debate about the very nature of social reality and the place and efficacy of mathematical statistics—in particular, probability theory—in ascertaining that reality. This debate played out against a backdrop populated by three divergent methodological approaches to statistics and statistical work. After all, abstract ideas about the nature of the world, whether defined by chance or certainty, have real world consequences. Chinese deliberations over such questions and their engagement with the Ethnographic, Exhaustive, and Stochastic approaches during the 1950s exemplify some of those consequences. The chapter unpacks these choices and traces how statistics in its various forms—as a (social) science, as a profession, and as an activity—came to be formulated and practiced, shedding light on fundamental questions germane to the histories of the People's Republic, statistics and data, and mid-century science.

Social science which engages with the real world

2017 ◽  
pp. 225-234
Author(s):  
Anthony Heath ◽  
Andrea Scott
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Real World ◽  
The Real

Playing With Time: An Analysis of Time and Space in Tom Stoppard’s Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Lawrie
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
The Real ◽  
Opening Scene ◽  
The World

In this paper I will examine the multiple layers of time within Tom Stoppard’s play, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead. Typically, a script plays with two definitions of the term: stage time being that of the audience and the “real world,” and dramatic time, the passing of time within the world of the play and the characters’ lives. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead is unique in its multitude of times, each occupying its own space within the story. Hamlet resides in a time that extends beyond that of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, while presenting the same story through different characters. When are these stories presented harmoniously, and when can gaps be found between the two plays in terms of time? In contrast, the play‐within‐a‐play presented in Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, titled “The Murder of Gonzago,” represents the story even prior to the opening scene of Hamlet and has an omniscient quality, presenting elements of both Hamlet and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead. Though this play‐within‐a‐play represents the longest view of the overlapping stories, it is presented in the shortest amount of time. “The Murder of Gonzago” plays with the limitations of time and space and the acknowledgment of their presentation in theatrical terms. Throughout the paper I will determine the overlapping nature of times within the plays, how they are structured around one another, and what this symbolises for both the spaces of each play and the characters within.  

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