Computational Pragmatics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Bunt
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Corpus Construction ◽  
Dialogue Acts ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Dialogue Modeling ◽  
Context Of Use ◽  
Utterance Interpretation

This chapter presents a characterisation of the field of computational pragmatics, discusses some of the fundamental issues in the field, and provides a survey of recent developments. Central to computational pragmatics is the development and use of computational tools and models for studying the relations between utterances and their context of use. Essential for understanding these relations are the use of inference and the description of language use as actions inspired by the context, and intended to influence the context. The chapter therefore focuses on recent work in the use of inference for utterance interpretation and in dialogue modeling in terms of dialogue acts, viewed as context-changing actions. The chapter concludes with a survey of recent activities concerning the construction and use of resources in computational pragmatics, in particular annotation schemes, annotated corpora, and tools for corpus construction and use.

scholarly journals Computational Pragmatics

Linguistics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Bunt
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Context Modeling ◽  
Data Annotation ◽  
Exploration Process ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Corpus Construction

Pragmatics as a branch of linguistics can be characterized as the study of the relations between linguistic properties of utterances on the one hand, and aspects of the context in which a given utterance is used on the other. Computational pragmatics is pragmatics with computational means, which include models of dialogue management processes, collections of language use data, annotation schemes and standards, software tools for corpus creation, annotation and exploration, process models of language generation and interpretation, context representations, and inference methods for context-dependent utterance generation and interpretation processes. The linguistic side of the relations that are studied in pragmatics is formed primarily by utterances in a conversation or sentences in a written text. In the case of written text the context side consists of the surrounding text and the setting in which the text is meant to function. In spoken or multimodal dialogue, the context of an utterance is formed by what has been said before and the interactive setting, but additionally by other perceptual, social, and mutual epistemic information (see Context Modeling). Much of this information is dynamic, as it changes during a dialogue and, more importantly, as a result of the dialogue, since the participants in a conversation influence each other’s state of information when they understand each other. Dialogue contexts are thus updated continuously as an effect of communication. Central to computational pragmatics is the development and use of computational tools and models for studying the relations between utterances and their context of use. Essential for understanding these relations are the use of inference and the description of language in terms of actions that are inspired by the context and that are intended to change the context. This bibliography therefore focuses on publications concerned with the computational modeling of dialogue in terms of communicative actions including the use of inference for utterance interpretation. It also considers the more static analysis of discourse coherence and semantic relations in text, and concludes with references to recent activities concerning the construction and use of resources in computational pragmatics, in particular annotation schemes, annotated corpora, and tools for corpus construction and use. The popularity of probabilistic approaches to natural language processing can also be seen in studies of pragmatic aspects of language use, although these approaches are so far not as important as in some other areas of language processing. The so-called rational speech acts (RSA) model treats language use as a recursive process in which probabilistic speaker and listener agents reason about each other’s intentions to enrich the literal semantics of their language along broadly Gricean lines. The core references for this approach are also included in this biography under Inference in Language Processing.

scholarly journals Dynamics & Spectroscopy with Neutrons—Recent Developments & Emerging Opportunities

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1440
Author(s):  
Kacper Drużbicki ◽  
Mattia Gaboardi ◽  
Felix Fernandez-Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Behavior ◽  
Disordered Materials ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Soft Solids ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Energy Transfers ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Scientific Questions ◽  
Nuclear Quantum Effects

This work provides an up-to-date overview of recent developments in neutron spectroscopic techniques and associated computational tools to interrogate the structural properties and dynamical behavior of complex and disordered materials, with a focus on those of a soft and polymeric nature. These have and continue to pave the way for new scientific opportunities simply thought unthinkable not so long ago, and have particularly benefited from advances in high-resolution, broadband techniques spanning energy transfers from the meV to the eV. Topical areas include the identification and robust assignment of low-energy modes underpinning functionality in soft solids and supramolecular frameworks, or the quantification in the laboratory of hitherto unexplored nuclear quantum effects dictating thermodynamic properties. In addition to novel classes of materials, we also discuss recent discoveries around water and its phase diagram, which continue to surprise us. All throughout, emphasis is placed on linking these ongoing and exciting experimental and computational developments to specific scientific questions in the context of the discovery of new materials for sustainable technologies.

Recent Developments in the Evolution of Morphologies and Controllers for Physically Simulated Creatures

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Taylor ◽  
Colm Massey
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Original Work ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Parallel Computer ◽  
Connection Machine ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Body Shapes

Karl Sims' work [25, 26] on evolving body shapes and controllers for three-dimensional, physically simulated creatures generated wide interest on its publication in 1994. The purpose of this article is threefold: (a) to highlight a spate of recent work by a number of researchers in replicating, and in some cases extending, Sims' results using standard PCs (Sims' original work was done on a Connection Machine CM-5 parallel computer). In particular, a re-implementation of Sims' work by the authors will be described and discussed; (b) to illustrate how off-the-shelf physics engines can be used in this sort of work, and also to highlight some deficiencies of these engines and pitfalls when using them; and (c) to indicate how these recent studies stand in respect to Sims' original work.

Recent Developments of the Multiphysics Discrete Element Method for Additive Manufacturing Modeling and Simulation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Steuben ◽  
Athanasios P. Iliopoulos ◽  
John G. Michopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Discrete Element Method ◽  
Discrete Element ◽  
Additive Manufacture ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Computational Performance ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Am Processes ◽  
Element Method

Recent years have seen a sharp increase in the development and usage of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies for a broad range of scientific and industrial purposes. The drastic microstructural differences between materials produced via AM and conventional methods has motivated the development of computational tools that model and simulate AM processes in order to facilitate their control for the purpose of optimizing the desired outcomes. This paper discusses recent advances in the continuing development of the Multiphysics Discrete Element Method (MDEM) for the simulation of AM processes. This particle-based method elegantly encapsulates the relevant physics of powder-based AM processes. In particular, the enrichment of the underlying constitutive behaviors to include thermoplasticity is discussed, as are methodologies for modeling the melting and re-solidification of the feedstock materials. Algorithmic improvements that increase computational performance are also discussed. The MDEM is demonstrated to enable the simulation of the additive manufacture of macro-scale components. Concluding remarks are given on the tasks required for the future development of the MDEM, and the topic of experimental validation is also discussed.

scholarly journals A conceptual simulation workflow to guide design decisions regarding the effects of daylight on occupants’ alertness

2021 ◽  
Vol 2042 (1) ◽  
pp. 012116
Author(s):  
Pierson Clotilde ◽  
Soto Magán Victoria Eugenia ◽  
Aarts Mariëlle ◽  
Andersen Marilyne
Keyword(s):  
Light Exposure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Spectral Simulation ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Recent developments in the lighting research field have demonstrated the importance of a proper exposure to light to mediate several of our behavioral and physiological responses. However, we spend nowadays around 90% of our time indoors with an often quite limited access to bright daylight. To be able to anticipate how much the built environment actually influences our light exposure, and how much it may ultimately impact our health, well-being, and productivity, new computational tools are needed. In this paper, we present a first attempt at a simulation workflow that integrates a spectral simulation tool with a light-driven prediction model of alertness. The goal is to optimize the effects of light on building occupants, by informing the decision makers about the impact of different design choices. The workflow is applied to a case study to provide an example of what learnings can be expected from it.

scholarly journals Urgent Matter

Konturen ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Jonathan Monroe
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Giorgio Agamben ◽  
Award Winning ◽  
American Poet ◽  
Thing In Itself ◽  
German American ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Disciplinary Cultures ◽  
General Economy

Opening questions about “things” onto the bureaucratically-maintained, compartmentalized discursive, disciplinary claims of “philosophy,” “theory,” and “poetry,” “Urgent Matter” explores these three terms in relation to one another through attention to recent work by Giorgio Agamben, Jacques Rancière, the German-American poet Rosmarie Waldrop, and the German poet Ulf Stolterfoht, whose fachsprachen. Gedichte. I-IX (Lingos I-IX. Poems) Waldrop rendered into English in an award-winning translation. The difference between the "things" called "poetry" and "philosophy," as now institutionalized within the academy, is not epistemological, ontological, ahistorical, but a matter of linguistic domains, of so-called concrete "images" as the policed domain of the former and of "abstraction" as the policed domain of the latter. Challenging the binary logics that dominate language use in diverse discursive/disciplinary cultures, Waldrop’s linguistically self-referential, appositional procedures develop ways to use language that are neither linear, nor so much without direction, as multi-directional, offering complexes of adjacency, of asides, of digression, of errancy, of being “alongside,” in lieu of being “opposed to,” that constitute at once a poetics, an aesthetics, an ethics, and a politics. Elaborating a complementary understanding of poetry as “the most philosophic of all writing,” a medium of being “contemporary,” Waldrop and Stolterfoht question poetry’s purposes as one kind of language apparatus among others in the general economy. Whatever poetry might be, it aspires to be in their hands not a thing in itself but a form of self-questioning, of all discourses, all disciplines, that “thing” that binds “poetry” and “philosophy” together, as urgent matter, in continuing.

Cryptorchidism

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 317-319
Author(s):  
Terry D. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Therapy ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Testicular Function ◽  
Mechanical Problem ◽  
Hormonal Stimulation ◽  
Bilateral Disease ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Unilateral Cryptorchidism

Recent developments, particularly in the field of endocrinology, have substantially altered many conventional concepts about descended testis. The disease can no longer be viewed solely as a mechanical problem in descent, and there is an increasingly greater emphasis being placed upon the early resolution of the disorder in an effort to maximize ultimate testicular function. In this brief review, some of the controversies and current philosophies regarding this subject are explored. THE ENDOCRINOLOGIC QUESTION Although etiologic considerations in cryptorchidism have always included the possibility of inadequate hormonal stimulation, this concept has generally been overshadowed by one that emphasizes mechanical impediment to descent. This viewpoint seemed justified by the fact that endocrine therapy had never yielded more than modest results and by the feeling that it was difficult to account for unilateral cryptorchidism on the basis of a generalized endocrinopathy. After all, "if inadequate hormonal stimulation were the cause of maldescent of one testis, why did the other one descend?" The recent work of Job and associates in Paris, however, has shattered many of these arguments with the revelation that endocrine abnormalities can indeed be identified in patients with cryptorchidism and that furthermore these abnormalities canbe identified in patients with unilateral cryptorchidism as well as in those with bilateral disease.

Non-planar Boron Lewis Acids Taking the Next Step: Development of Tunable Lewis Acids, Lewis Superacids and Bifunctional Catalysts

Synlett ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (17) ◽  
pp. 1639-1648
Author(s):  
Guillaume Berionni ◽  
Aurélien Chardon ◽  
Arnaud Osi ◽  
Damien Mahaut ◽  
Ali Ben Saida
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Lewis Acids ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Planar Geometry ◽  
Bifunctional Catalysts ◽  
Group 13 ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Stereoelectronic Properties ◽  
Planar Group

Although boron Lewis acids commonly adopt a trigonal planar geometry, a number of compounds in which the trivalent boron atom is located in a pyramidal environment have been described. This review will highlight the recent developments of the chemistry and applications of non-planar boron Lewis acids, including a series of non-planar triarylboranes derived from the triptycene core. A thorough analysis of the properties and of the influence of the pyramidalization of boron Lewis acids on their stereoelectronic properties and reactivities is presented based on recent theoretical and experimental studies.1 Non-planar Trialkylboranes2 Non-planar Alkyl and Aryl-Boronates3 Non-planar Triarylboranes and Alkenylboranes3.1 Previous Investigations on Bora Barrelenes and Triptycenes3.2 Recent Work on Boratriptycenes from Our Research Group4 Applications of Non-planar Boranes4.1 Non-planar Alkyl Boranes and Boronates4.2 Non-planar Triarylboranes (Boratriptycenes)5 Other Non-planar Group 13 Lewis Acids6 Further Work and Perspectives

scholarly journals Conversation, Construction Grammar, and cognition

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
KERSTIN FISCHER
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Construction Grammar ◽  
Discursive Practices ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Grammar And Interaction

abstractRecent developments in grammatical theory seem to invite an integration of grammar and interaction; nevertheless, there are reservations on both sides. While some of these reservations can be traced to misconceptions, others are deeply rooted in the theoretical premises of each approach. The differences are, however, not very well understood; especially theoretical premises regarding the role of cognition in language use have been hindering a fruitful collaboration. Reinterpreting the results of Conversation Analysis (CA; cf. Sacks, Schegloff, & Jefferson, 1974; Sacks, 1992) in terms of Construction Grammar (Goldberg, 1995, 2006; Croft, 2001, Langacker, 2008) recasts the discursive practices identified in CA in terms of participants’ cognitive construals of the communicative situation, making the speaking subjects apparent in their strategies and conceptualizations of the interaction.

Recent developments in Cyrene's chora south of the Wadi bel Gadir

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 39-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Kane ◽  
Donald White
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
The West ◽  
Topographic Survey ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Archaeological Project ◽  
The City

AbstractRecent work in the Wadi bel Gadir in the southern chora region of Cyrene, in particular the discovery of two temple precincts by the Italian Mission (Missione Archeologica a Cirene della Università degli Studi di Urbino) as well as an intensive topographic survey by the newly reconstituted University of Pennsylvania Expedition (now the Cyrenaica Archaeological Project) is providing important information about urban development to the west and southwest of the city of Cyrene. This paper offers an overview of the previous work in the area and some thoughts on the potential implications of the recent discoveries by the Italian Mission led by Professor Mario Luni and the Cyrenaican Archaeological Project (CAP) directed by Professor Susan Kane.

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