scholarly journals Effects of acetaminophen on risk taking

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 725-732
Author(s):  
Alexis Keaveney ◽  
Ellen Peters ◽  
Baldwin Way
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Total N ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior

Abstract Acetaminophen, an analgesic and antipyretic available over-the-counter and used in over 600 medicines, is one of the most consumed drugs in the USA. Recent research has suggested that acetaminophen’s effects extend to the blunting of negative as well as positive affect. Because affect is a determinant of risk perception and risk taking, we tested the hypothesis that acute acetaminophen consumption (1000 mg) could influence these important judgments and decisions. In three double-blind, placebo-controlled studies, healthy young adults completed a laboratory measure of risk taking (Balloon Analog Risk Task) and in Studies 1 and 2 completed self-report measures of risk perception. Across all studies (total n = 545), acetaminophen increased risk-taking behavior. On the more affectively stimulating risk perception measure used in Study 2, acetaminophen reduced self-reported perceived risk and this reduction statistically mediated increased risk-taking behavior. These results indicate that acetaminophen can increase risk taking, which may be due to reductions in risk perceptions, particularly those that are highly affect laden.

scholarly journals Entrepreneur’s perceived risk and risk-taking behavior in the small-sized creative businesses of tourism sector during COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Iin Agustina ◽  
Mohd Na’eim Bin Ajis ◽  
Hafid Aditya Pradesa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The small-sized creative business in the tourism sector has been suffering risks of bankruptcy since the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Drawing on the basic theory of reasoned action, this study aims to investigate entrepreneur risk perceptions affect their risk-taking behavior. This study only focuses on the determinants of risk-taking, with regards to the perspective from an entrepreneurial lens in perceiving business, product, and profit risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. A quantitative approach using a structured questionnaire survey was utilized to attain the study objective. The dataset consists of 177 valid responses by the owner of the small-sized creative business of Indonesia’s tourism sector (mainly in handicraft and fashion categories). Correlation analysis and partial least square (PLS) modeling were employed to examine the causal relationship between constructs. Our empirical findings revealed that while entrepreneurs' perceived risk on business and product aspects was the most significant aspect that could affect their risk-taking behavior, entrepreneurs' perceived risk on profit aspects have an insignificant influence on their risk-taking behavior. It implies that the higher the level of business and product insecurity perceptions (as long as it can generate profitability and ensure business sustainability), the higher the level of risk-taking of entrepreneurs.

scholarly journals Predictors of misperceptions, risk perceptions, and personal risk perceptions about COVID-19 by country, education and income

2021 ◽  
pp. jim-2021-001835
Author(s):  
Tanzim Bhuiya ◽  
Richard Klares III ◽  
Madellena A Conte ◽  
Joseph Steven Cervia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
Personal Risk ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Income Quartile

Government interventions, such as mandating the use of masks and social distancing, play crucial roles in controlling the spread of pandemic infection. Adherence depends on public perceptions about pandemic risk. The goal was to explore the roles of education, income, and country on misperceptions, risk perceptions and personal risk perceptions about COVID-19. Data were extracted from 3 preregistered surveys. Binary logistic regressions were conducted to investigate the roles country, education, and income had on outcome variables. Across the USA, Canada, and UK, individuals in the highest income quartile were significantly less likely to hold misperceptions (OR=0.61, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.83) and to perceive personal risk (OR=0.38, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.75) regarding COVID-19 compared with individuals in the lowest income quartile. When comparing these income quartiles in the USA, the difference in perceived risk was heightened (OR=0.21, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.57). Citizens of the UK were more likely to have risk perceptions compared with citizens of the USA (OR=1.50, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.88). Citizens of Canada were less likely to perceive personal risk compared with US citizens (OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.69). Proper risk perception and understanding of COVID-19 are necessary for adherence to public health initiatives. The lowest income quartile was shown to have more misperceptions and personal risk perceptions across all 3 countries, highlighting the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 in this group. Our findings support the importance of education and income in affecting health perceptions and outcomes. Further research is needed to explore interventions to minimize misperceptions, accurately shape risk perception, and effectively communicate science.

Predicting Stock Market Performance

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Thomas Plieger ◽  
Thomas Grünhage ◽  
Éilish Duke ◽  
Martin Reuter
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Financial Behavior ◽  
Market Simulation ◽  
Stock Market Performance ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior

Abstract. Gender and personality traits influence risk proneness in the context of financial decisions. However, most studies on this topic have relied on either self-report data or on artificial measures of financial risk-taking behavior. Our study aimed to identify relevant trading behaviors and personal characteristics related to trading success. N = 108 Caucasians took part in a three-week stock market simulation paradigm, in which they traded shares of eight fictional companies that differed in issue price, volatility, and outcome. Participants also completed questionnaires measuring personality, risk-taking behavior, and life stress. Our model showed that being male and scoring high on self-directedness led to more risky financial behavior, which in turn positively predicted success in the stock market simulation. The total model explained 39% of the variance in trading success, indicating a role for other factors in influencing trading behavior. Future studies should try to enrich our model to get a more accurate impression of the associations between individual characteristics and financially successful behavior in context of stock trading.

scholarly journals “If He Has it, We Know What to Do”: Parent Perspectives on Familial Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine E MacDuffie ◽  
Lauren Turner-Brown ◽  
Annette M Estes ◽  
Benjamin S Wilfond ◽  
Stephen R Dager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Predictive Testing ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
Familial Disorders

Abstract Objective Predictive testing for familial disorders can guide healthcare and reproductive decisions. Familial disorders with onset in childhood (e.g., autism spectrum disorder [ASD]) are promising targets for presymptomatic prediction; however, little is known about parent perceptions of risk to their children in the presymptomatic period. The current study examined risk perceptions in parents of infants at high familial risk for ASD enrolled in a longitudinal study of brain and behavior development. Methods Semistructured interviews were conducted with 37 parents of high-risk infants during the presymptomatic window (3–15 months) that precedes an ASD diagnosis. Infants were identified as high familial risk due to having an older sibling with ASD. Parent interview responses were coded and interpreted to distill emerging themes. Results The majority of parents were aware of the increased risk of ASD for their infants, and risk perceptions were influenced by comparisons to their older child with ASD. Parents reported a variety of negative emotions in response to perceived risk, including worry, fear, and sadness, and described impacts of perceived risk on their behavior: increased vigilance to emerging symptoms, altered reproductive and healthcare decisions, and seeking ongoing assessment through research. Conclusions Parents of children at high familial risk for childhood-onset disorders like ASD face a period of challenging uncertainty during early development. In anticipation of a future in which presymptomatic testing for ASD is made available, it is important to understand how parents react to and cope with the elevated—but still highly uncertain—risk conveyed by family history.

scholarly journals Perceptions of risk in pregnancy with chronic disease: A systematic review and thematic synthesis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254956
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Ralston ◽  
Priscilla Smith ◽  
Joseph Chilcot ◽  
Sergio A. Silverio ◽  
Kate Bramham
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Pregnancy Risk ◽  
Thematic Synthesis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background Women with chronic disease are at increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Pregnancies which pose higher risk, often require increased medical supervision and intervention. How women perceive their pregnancy risk and its impact on health behaviour is poorly understood. The aim of this systematic review of qualitative literature is to evaluate risk perceptions of pregnancy in women with chronic disease. Methods Eleven electronic databases including grey literature were systematically searched for qualitative studies published in English which reported on pregnancy, risk perception and chronic disease. Full texts were reviewed by two researchers, independently. Quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative checklist and data were synthesised using a thematic synthesis approach. The analysis used all text under the findings or results section from each included paper as data. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO. Results Eight studies were included in the review. Three themes with sub-themes were constructed from the analysis including: Information Synthesis (Sub-themes: Risk to Self and Risk to Baby), Psychosocial Factors (Sub-themes: Emotional Response, Self-efficacy, Healthcare Relationship), and Impact on Behaviour (Sub-themes: Perceived Risk and Objective Risk). Themes fitted within an overarching concept of Balancing Act. The themes together inter-relate to understand how women with chronic disease perceive their risk in pregnancy. Conclusions Women’s pregnancy-related behaviour and engagement with healthcare services appear to be influenced by their perception of pregnancy risk. Women with chronic disease have risk perceptions which are highly individualised. Assessment and communication of women’s pregnancy risk should consider their own understanding and perception of risk. Different chronic diseases introduce diverse pregnancy risks and further research is needed to understand women’s risk perceptions in specific chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Perceived Risk of Mosquito-Borne Arboviruses in the Continental United States

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1562
Author(s):  
Saul Lozano ◽  
Jonathan Day ◽  
Lilyana Ortega ◽  
Maggie Silver ◽  
Roxanne Connelly
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
News Media ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Use Of Resources

The United States experienced local transmission of West Nile Virus (WNV) for the first time in 1999, and Zika Virus (ZIKV) in 2016. These introductions captured the public’s attention in varying degrees. The research presented here analyzes the disproportional perception of ZIKV risk compared to WNV transmission risk, by the public and vector control personnel. The risk perception of vector control was measured through purposive sampled interviews (24 interviews in 13 states; May 2020–June 2021), while the public’s perception was estimated from news publications (January 2000–December 2020), and Google searches (January 2004–December 2020). Over time, we observed a decrease in the frequency of press reporting and Google searches of both viruses with decreasing annual peaks in the summer. The highest peak of ZIKV news, and searches, surpassed that of WNV. We observed clear differences in the contents of the headlines for both viruses. We propose that the main reason in risk perception differences between the viruses were psychological. Zika infections (mosquito-borne and sexually transmitted) can result in devastating symptoms in fetuses and newborns, observations that frequently appeared in ZIKV-related headlines. Our results highlight the likely influence the news media has on risk perception and the need for public health agencies to play active roles in the conversation, helping disseminate timely and accurate information. Understanding the factors that shape risk perceptions of vector-borne diseases will hopefully lead to better use of resources by providing better guidance.

THE EFFECT OF 'CONCERN FOR OSTEOPOROSIS' AND SELF-PERCEIVED 'RISK OF OSTEOPOROSIS AND FRACTURE' ON ANTI-OSTEOPOROSIS BEHAVIOR OF POST MENOPAUSAL WOMEN- A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Deepali Srivastava ◽  
Sandeepa Srivastava ◽  
Ashish Kumar ◽  
Sanjiv Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Medical Advice ◽  
Vitamin Supplementation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bmd Testing ◽  
One Year

Introduction: Osteoporosis is more prevalent in women, especially following menopause. The total affected population would have been around 35 to 40 million. Morbidity due to disease includes decreased mobility, decreased quality of life, and increased risk of mortality following an osteoporotic fracture. The morbidity due to the disease may be decreased through diet, exercise, supplementation, and medication. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of 'concern for osteoporosis' and self-perceived 'risk of osteoporosis and fracture' on antiosteoporosis behaviour such as (1) calcium and vitamin D supplementation, (2) seeking medical advice, (3) undergoing bone mineral (BMD) testing, and (4) taking antiosteoporosis medication (AOM). Material And Method:The study was conducted on women attending outpatient clinic of the Obstretics and Gynaecology and Orthopaedics department. Patients were required to ll up the Global Longitudinal Osteoporosis in Women Questionnaire. Enrolled patients were contacted after one year by means of telephone calls, hospital visits and home visits and data was collected for self-reported use of supplements, self-reported seeking of medical advice regarding osteoporosis, self-reported BMD testing, and self-reported use of antiosteoporosis medications etc. Results:Total of 1562 women were enrolled for the study out of which data of only 1000 women was analyzed at end of one year. At the end of one year period 360 women reported use of Calcium and or Vitamin D. Table 4 depicts the association between the use of vitamin supplementation and concern and risk perception. Concern (P=0.61), risk perception to osteoporosis (P=0.13), and risk perception to fracture (P=0.29) were not signicantly associated with use of vitamin supplementation in the next 12 months (i.e., calcium and/or vitamin D). Concern (p= <0.001), risk perception to osteoporosis (p=<0.001), and risk perception to fracture (p=<0.001) were signicantly associated with women seeking medical care during the next one year. Concern (p=0.35) was not signicantly associated with undergoing BMD examination. Risk perception to osteoporosis (p=0.03) and risk perception to fracture (p=0.03) were signicantly associated with women undergoing BMD medical examination in one year. Concern about osteoporosis (p=0.64) was not signicantly associated with treatment with anti-osteoporotic medication. Risk perception to osteoporosis (p=0.06) and risk perception to fracture (p=0.002) were signicantly associated with women. Conclusion: Concern for osteoporosis is associated with likelihood of seeking medical advice. Perception of risk for Osteoporosis and fractures is positively associated with seeking medical advice, BMD examination and AOM treatment

Through the looking glass: perceiving risk and emotions toward cosmetic procedure engagement

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhinav Sood ◽  
Vanessa Ann Quintal ◽  
Ian Phau
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cosmetic Procedure ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Sophisticated User ◽  
Looking Glass

Purpose This research aims to develop a user risk segmentation typology and implement a method that traces how user emotions adapt before, after and toward a next cosmetic procedure. It introduces the user risk segments to an empirical framework to explain re-engagement with the procedure. Design/methodology/approach A survey was self-administered to online consumer panels in the USA. The survey targeted users who had previously undertaken one of three elective procedures, namely, Botox (N = 550), hair transplant (N = 350) or liposuction (N = 350). Findings The typology identified timid image seekers, daring image crafters, approval-seeking socialites and mainstream image adopters. The method tracking user emotions found significant differences before, after and toward a next cosmetic procedure in the user risk segments. The framework predicted user re-engagement with the procedure for each segment. Research limitations/implications The typology presents more sophisticated user risk profiles. The method maps adapting user emotions toward engagement pre- and post-procedure. However, findings are limited to the USA and three cosmetic procedures. Practical implications The typology offers a profile of users and their risk perceptions of a behavior. The method presents an instrument that follows how user emotions adapt. The framework advances understanding of user re-engagement with the behavior. Originality/value Arguably, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first research to explore how perceived risk operates on emotional states and adaptation, which manifest user well-being and impact user behavior.

Cultural Differentials Modify Change

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mambo G. Mupepi ◽  
Patience Taruwinga
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Organizational Vision ◽  
Performance Orientation ◽  
Perceived Success ◽  
The Usa

A mixed research methodology was deployed to show that cultural differences and perceived risk-taking must be considered in charting competences in advancing household enterprises in the Southern African Development Communities and the USA. The consequences were that triumphant households were those that took cognizance of multiculturalism in assessing and measuring performance. Multiple Linear Regression analysis demonstrated that capacity must be customized to suit organizational vision and that the vital predictor of perceived success in the USA was performance orientation while uncertainty avoidance topped the list in the SADC. Results indicate that diversity was understood in all successful enterprises.

Tamoxifen for the Prevention of Breast Cancer: Psychosocial Impact on Women Participating in Two Randomized Controlled Trials

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1885-1892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Fallowfield ◽  
Anne Fleissig ◽  
Rob Edwards ◽  
Andrea West ◽  
Trevor J. Powles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Sexual Functioning ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prevention Of Breast Cancer

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychosocial implications of tamoxifen versus placebo in women who are at increased risk of breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The 488 women in the psychosocial study were recruited from participants in two placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, controlled trials that investigated the efficacy of tamoxifen in the prevention of breast cancer in women who are at high familial risk. During a 5-year period, repeated assessments were made of anxiety, psychological distress, and sexual functioning using standardized questionnaires before treatment at baseline and at 6-month intervals during the trial. RESULTS: Questionnaire completion over 5 years was good, with 71.1% of women returning at least 8 of 10 follow-up assessments. Although scores from individuals showed considerable fluctuation and variation over time, changes in anxiety, mood, and sexual functioning were not associated with treatment group. The number of symptoms reported at 48 months via a self-report cheklist were not associated with treatment group, but vasomotor symptoms were more frequent among tamoxifen-treated women. Symptoms of low energy, breast sensitivity, and visual blurring were reported most frequently in the placebo group. CONCLUSION: In general, these results are comparable to those from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project psychosocial study despite differences in study populations, methodology, and instruments. The long-term use of tamoxifen and other selective estrogen response modulators as preventive agents in high-risk groups has been questioned, but we found no evidence of treatment-related side effects that affect women’s psychosocial and sexual functioning.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document