scholarly journals Metabolomic Identification of Exosome-Derived Biomarkers for Schizophrenia: A Large Multicenter Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Du ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Xue-Song Li ◽  
Xiao-Lin Li ◽  
Xiang-Dong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Training Samples ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Test Sets ◽  
And Control ◽  
Metabolomic Study

Abstract Exosomes have been suggested as promising targets for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases, including schizophrenia (SCZ), but the potential role of exosome-derived metabolites in these diseases was rarely studied. Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we performed the first metabolomic study of serum-derived exosomes from patients with SCZ. Our sample comprised 385 patients and 332 healthy controls recruited from 3 clinical centers and 4 independent cohorts. We identified 25 perturbed metabolites in patients that can be used to classify samples from patients and control participants with 95.7% accuracy (95% CI: 92.6%–98.9%) in the training samples (78 patients and 66 controls). These metabolites also showed good to excellent performance in differentiating between patients and controls in the 3 test sets of participants, with accuracies 91.0% (95% CI: 85.7%–96.3%; 107 patients and 62 controls), 82.7% (95% CI: 77.6%–87.9%; 104 patients and 142 controls), and 99.0% (95% CI: 97.7%–100%; 96 patients and 62 controls), respectively. Bioinformatic analysis suggested that these metabolites were enriched in pathways implicated in SCZ, such as glycerophospholipid metabolism. Taken together, our findings support a role for exosomal metabolite dysregulation in the pathophysiology of SCZ and indicate a strong potential for exosome-derived metabolites to inform the diagnosis of SCZ.

Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth and their Promise as Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies for Neurological Diseases and Injuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingyi Huang ◽  
Zizhuo Zheng ◽  
Ding Bai ◽  
Xianglong Han
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth

Abstract: Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) are relatively easy to isolate from exfoliated deciduous teeth, which are obtained via dental therapy as biological waste. SHEDs originate from the embryonic neural crest and therefore have considerable potential for neurogenic differentiation. Currently, an increasing amount of research attention is focused on the therapeutic applications of SHEDs in neurological diseases and injuries. In this article, we summarize the biological characteristics of SHEDs and the potential role of SHEDs and their derivatives, including conditioned medium from SHEDs and the exosomes they secrete, in the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases and injuries.

scholarly journals Activity and Function of the PRMT8 Protein Arginine Methyltransferase in Neurons

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1132
Author(s):  
Rui Dong ◽  
Xuejun Li ◽  
Kwok-On Lai
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Protein Arginine Methyltransferases ◽  
Synapse Maturation ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
And Function ◽  
Neuronal Functions ◽  
Mammalian Protein

Among the nine mammalian protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), PRMT8 is unusual because it has restricted expression in the nervous system and is the only membrane-bound PRMT. Emerging studies have demonstrated that this enzyme plays multifaceted roles in diverse processes in neurons. Here we will summarize the unique structural features of PRMT8 and describe how it participates in various neuronal functions such as dendritic growth, synapse maturation, and synaptic plasticity. Recent evidence suggesting the potential role of PRMT8 function in neurological diseases will also be discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of lncRNA PVT1/miR186/KLF5 Axis on the Occurrence and Progression of Cholangiocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Qiang Sun ◽  
Xueyi Gong ◽  
Jianlong Wu ◽  
Zhipeng Hu ◽  
Qiao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cell Invasion ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Invasion Assay ◽  
Transwell Invasion Assay

This study primarily focused on the effect of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) PVT1/miR186/KLF5 axis on the occurrence and progression of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). miR186 was found both in the lncRNA PVT1 targeting miRNAs and KLF5 targeting miRNAs using bioinformatic analysis. The expression of lncRNA PVT1 and KLF5 in the TFK-1, QBC939, and HuCCT1 cell lines and normal biliary epithelial HIBEpiC cells was detected by RT-qPCR. The significance of lncRNA PVT1 and KLF5 on cell proliferation was analyzed using the MTT assay and clone formation assay in lncRNA PVT1 and KLF5 silencing HuCCT1 cell lines and lncRNA PVT1and KLF5 overexpressing TFK-1 and QBC939 cell lines, respectively. The potential role of lncRNA PVT1 and KLF5 in cell migration was detected using the transwell invasion assay in CCA cell lines and tumor formation assay. Additionally, lncRNA PVT1 and KLF5 were proved to be highly expressed in CCA tissues and cell lines. Silencing and overexpressing of lncRNA PVT1 or KLF5 markedly inhibited or increased the cell proliferation and cell invasion in CCA cell lines, respectively. Silencing and overexpressing of lncRNA PVT1 significantly inhibited and increased the expression of KLF5 in CCA cell lines, respectively. Silencing of lncRNA PVT1 increased the expression of miR186, and silencing of miR186 increased the expression of KLF5 in CCA cell lines. Cotransfection of lncRNA PVT1 and miR186 increased the expression of KLF5 compared with controls. Overall, these results demonstrated that the lncRNA PVT1/miR186/KLF5 axis might exert a key role in the occurrence and progression of CCA, and this axis might provide a new target for treating CCA.

scholarly journals Proteomic Analyses of Human Sperm Cells: Understanding the Role of Proteins and Molecular Pathways Affecting Male Reproductive Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Agarwal ◽  
Manesh Kumar Panner Selvam ◽  
Saradha Baskaran
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Human Sperm ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Sperm Proteins ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Male Reproductive Health

Human sperm proteomics research has gained increasing attention lately, which provides complete information about the functional state of the spermatozoa. Changes in the sperm proteome are evident in several male infertility associated conditions. Global proteomic tools, such as liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight, are used to profile the sperm proteins to identify the molecular pathways that are defective in infertile men. This review discusses the use of proteomic techniques to analyze the spermatozoa proteome. It also highlights the general steps involved in global proteomic approaches including bioinformatic analysis of the sperm proteomic data. Also, we have presented the findings of major proteomic studies and possible biomarkers in the diagnosis and therapeutics of male infertility. Extensive research on sperm proteome will help in understanding the role of fertility associated sperm proteins. Validation of the sperm proteins as biomarkers in different male infertility conditions may aid the physician in better clinical management.

scholarly journals CURRENCY NOTES AND ASSOCIATED RISK OF NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES: STUDY ON THE NIGERIAN NAIRA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 252-258
Author(s):  
Ukpong Iniodu George ◽  
Joshua Esther Ifenyinwa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Oral Pathogens ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hookworm Ova

Currency notes could play a role in the transmission of faeco-oral pathogens. This study aimed at identifying the possible role of the Nigerian Naira in the transmission of some neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) and the implication on their intervention and control in Nigeria. Method: 250 samples of all denominations of mint, dirty and mutilated Naira notes were examined for presence of parasites using the rinse method. Result: 58.4% of notes were contaminated with 161 cysts and ova of a protozoan (45.3%) and helminths (54.7%): Entamoeba histolytica cysts (43.7%), Enterobius vermicularis ova (5.4%), Ascaris lumbricoides ova (34.7%) and Hookworm ova (12.6%). Parasite contamination was independent of currency denomination (X2 =45.4; P=0.05). Mutilated notes harboured more parasites (51.5%) than dirty notes (44.9%). Mint notes had zero contamination. This was statistically significant (X2 =5.6; P<0.05). Polymer notes were more contaminated (51.37%) than paper notes. This study has identified a public health risk and the potential role of the Naira notes in the epidemiology of some NTDs in the study area. Public education on the health implications of the abuse of the Naira, beyond reasons of patriotism is required now. The Central Bank should ensure quick withdrawal of mutilated notes from circulation.

scholarly journals Human Herpesvirus 6 and Neuroinflammation

ISRN Virology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joséphine M. Reynaud ◽  
Branka Horvat
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Human Herpesvirus 6 ◽  
Proinflammatory Responses ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Infected Cells

Human herpesvirus (HHV-) 6A and HHV-6B are two distinct β-herpesviruses which have been associated with various neurological diseases, including encephalitis, meningitis, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis. Although the reactivation of both viruses is recognized as the cause of some neurological complications in conditions of immunosuppression, their involvement in neuroinflammatory diseases in immunocompetent people is still unclear, and the mechanisms involved have not been completely elucidated. Here, we review the available data providing evidence for the capacity of HHV-6A and -6B to infect the central nervous system and to induce proinflammatory responses by infected cells. We discuss the potential role of both viruses in neuroinflammatory pathologies and the mechanisms which could explain virus-induced neuropathogenesis.

scholarly journals Absence of pathogenic Short Tandem Repeat expansions in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus disease-associated genes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Lee ◽  
Vicky Cho ◽  
T. Daniel Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Huntington Disease ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Computational Tools ◽  
Short Tandem

AbstractShort tandem repeat (STR) expansions have been shown to be pathogenic in human neurological diseases, such as Huntington disease. Yet, the potential role of STRs in non-neurological diseases has yet to be fully investigated. In this study, the potential role of STR expansions in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was investigated using patient genomic data and two computational tools, HipSTR and exSTRa. The length variability of STRs in 76 SLE-associated genes was compared using exome data from 271 SLE affected individuals and 158 of their unaffected relatives. We conclude that no large STR expansions associated with SLE were present in these affected individuals within the 76 genes investigated. Lack of evidence does not negate a pathogenic role for STR expansions in SLE, yet given the number of individuals included in this study, we expect that this is not a common source of pathogenesis in SLE.Significance statementThe increasing availability and decreasing cost of sequencing genomes lends itself to computational analysis, extracting information to aid diagnosis, guide treatment or discover disease mechanisms and new treatments. Computational tools have been developed to look for various types of mutations, including short tandem repeats (STRs), which has been shown to cause diseases such as Huntington disease. Limited research on the possible role of STR expansions in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been done. Here we use computational tools to compare the length of STRs in 76 SLE-associated genes in patients and their unaffected relatives. Our results did not identify any large STR expansions associated with SLE, and further research is required to gain a better understanding of this complex disease.

Assessment Model of Corporate Governance with COBIT-Based IT Governance

2010 ◽  
Vol 121-122 ◽  
pp. 550-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Chen ◽  
Le Ping Shen
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
It Governance ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Process Automation ◽  
Control Framework ◽  
And Control ◽  
Role Of Information

Organizations are more concerned about the appropriate IT governance. The growing dependency on IT due to the increasing volume of business process automation further challenges the role of Information System Auditor. IT Governance Institute has developed COBIT as a model for this purpose.AS one of the most important and widely adopted performance measurement methods, COBIT is an attractive tool to measure and evaluate IT contribution to corporate performance. In this paper, we review the potential role of information technology as a corporate governance tool and explore the Control Objectives for Information and related Technology (COBIT). As the worlds leading IT governance and control framework COBIT should be gauged not only in simple control terms but by reference to the useful assessment of corporate governance efficiency.

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