Survival and Growth of Container-Grown and Bare-Root Shortleaf Pine Seedlings with Pisolithus and Thelephora Ectomycorrhizae

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Ruehle ◽  
Donald H. Marx ◽  
James P. Barnett ◽  
William H. Pawuk
Keyword(s):  
National Forest ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Thelephora Terrestris ◽  
Containerized Seedlings ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Bare-root and container-grown shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) seedlings with Pisolithus tinctorius and Thelephora terrestris ectomycorrhizae were outplanted on two reforestation sites on the Ouachita National Forest. On the better site, survival and growth of containerized seedlings were better than that of bare-root seedlings. On the poorer site, the reverse was true. Mycorrhizal treatment provided no consistent advantage for survival and growth for containerized seedlings. However, bare-root seedlings with half or more of their ectomycorrhizae formed by P. tinctorius before planting had greater survival and growth on both sites than seedlings with lesser amounts of Pisolithus ectomycorrhizae. The difference in mycorrhizal treatments among containerized and bareroot seedlings are discussed.

scholarly journals Survival and growth of outplanted seedlingsof selected tree species on the High Tatra Mts. windthrow area after the first growing season

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 349-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Repáč ◽  
A. Tučeková ◽  
I. Sarvašová ◽  
J. Vencurik
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Containerized Seedlings ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Tatra Mts ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control

Bareroot and containerized seedlings (seedling type) of Norway spruce, Scots pine, European larch, European beech, and sycamore maple were outplanted in autumn 2008 and in spring 2009. Roots of a half of the seedlings were dipped into the commercial fungal product Ectovit prior to spring outplanting. Fifty seedlings were planted for each tree species and seedling type in each of 3 treatments (Autumn, Spring, Spring+Ectovit) and 3 replications (4,500 seedlings in total). Eighty-one per cent of containerized and 75% of bareroot seedlings (most – 89% of bareroot spruce, least – 59% of bareroot pine seedlings) survived after the first growing season. Planting time and Ectovit did not have a marked effect on survival, with the exception of the lower survival of containerized beech and spruce in autumn than in spring. The most extensive damage caused by game and mechanical weed control was found out in both broadleaves; most of the dry leading shoots occurred in beech. Besides beech, higher annual height increment of seedlings was observed in autumn than in spring planting time. Effect of Ectovit on seedling growth was not obvious.  

Overstory Retention and Stock Type Impact Survival and Growth of Underplanted Shortleaf Pine Beneath a Hardwood Canopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K Schnake ◽  
Scott D Roberts ◽  
John L Willis ◽  
John D Kushla ◽  
Ian A Munn
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Containerized Seedlings ◽  
Bareroot Seedlings ◽  
Four Levels

Abstract This study was established to evaluate underplanting as a method of reestablishing a shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) component to a dry upland hardwood stand in the Piedmont region of the southeastern United States. Replicated treatment plots were harvested to retain four levels (approximately 0, 3, 7, and 10 m2 of basal area per hectare) of residual overstory density. One-year-old containerized seedlings with both smaller (93.4 cm3) and larger (113.1 cm3) plugs and bareroot seedlings were underplanted beneath the residual overstory treatments. After five growing seasons, seedling survival averaged 61% and was not meaningfully affected by residual overstory density. Seedling height growth ranged from 1.42 m to 2.61 m and was inversely related to residual overstory density. Containerized seedlings with larger plugs had the highest survival (77.4%) and best height growth (2.11 m), followed by containerized seedlings with smaller plugs (64.3%, 1.76 m) and bareroot seedlings (40.2%, 1.85 m). The results of this study indicated that underplanting containerized seedlings, particularly those with higher plug volume and greater plug depth, was a suitable option for reestablishing shortleaf pine on drier, hardwood dominated upland sites in the Piedmont. However, even low levels of overstory retention suppressed seedling height growth after a few years. Study Implications The study was conducted on a dry upland site typical of the North Carolina Piedmont. Retaining up to 10 m2 ha–1 of oak and hickory overstory basal area did not strongly affect survival among underplanted shortleaf pine seedlings after five growing seasons. However, overstory cover as low as 3 m2 ha–1 had negative effects on height growth of underplanted seedlings over the same time period. Height growth declined as overstory density increased. Containerized seedlings had better survival than bareroot seedlings. Further improvements in survival and height growth were realized by planting containerized seedlings with higher plug volume and greater plug depth.

Root Growth Potential, First-Year Survival, and Growth of Shortleaf Pine Seedlings Show Effects of Life Date, Storage, and Family

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Hallgren ◽  
C. G. Tauer
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Survival And Growth

Abstract Root growth potential (RGP), and first-year field survival and growth of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) seedlings were significantly affected by lift date, storage, and family. Seedlings lifted in December and January showed highest RGP, survival, and growth. Storage for 28 daysalways reduced survival and growth, and the effect was greatest for late-lifted seedlings. However, for late planting, the difference in performance between freshly lifted seedlings and earlier lifted and stored seedlings may be small. Large family differences existed for seasonal changesin RGP and survival, suggesting separate management by family may be beneficial. The presence of a terminal bud and secondary needles showed little value in predicting seedling performance, whereas RGP and number of primary lateral roots were strongly correlated with seedling survival. South.J. Appl. For. 13(4):163-169.

May Burning Favors Survival and Early Height Growth of Longleaf Pine Seedlings

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold E. Grelen
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Grass Stage ◽  
Better Than

Abstract After seven annual May burns, grass-stage longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedling survival averaged 71 percent, significantly higher than survival on a biennial May burn, an annual or biennial March burn, or an unburned control. Seedling height growth on the annual May burn was no better than that on the biennial May burn, but both May burns significantly exceeded the other treatments in height growth. The annual May burn also provided greatest survival and growth for longleaf seedlings that had begun height growth before the study began.

Survival and growth of Pinus echinata and Quercus seedlings in response to simulated summer and winter prescribed burns

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1830-1836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D Cain ◽  
Michael G Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Quercus Alba ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Prescribed Burns ◽  
Dormant Season ◽  
Survival And Growth

First-year seedlings of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.), southern red oak (Quercus falcata Michx.), and white oak (Quercus alba L.) were subjected to simulated prescribed burns during August (growing season) or January (dormant season) on an Upper Coastal Plain site in southeastern Arkansas, U.S.A. Survival and growth of resprouting rootstocks were compared with control seedlings through one growing season after burning. Although 100% of the oaks and 99% of the pines were topkilled by the fires, survival of resprouting rootstocks exceeded 95% for all three species in the year following the winter burn. No pines resprouted following the summer burn, but rootstock survival of oaks averaged >65%. Compared with controls, winter burns reduced (P < 0.01) mean height and groundline diameter (GLD) of shortleaf pine sprouts through the next growing season. For southern red oak, season of burning did not negatively affect (P > 0.05) the growth of sprouts during the year after burning. Although mean heights and GLDs of white oak sprouts versus controls were reduced (P [Formula: see text] 0.04) when means were averaged across burns, white oak sprouts on winter-burn plots were comparable in size with the control seedlings.

scholarly journals Comparison of biomass partitioning and transpiration for water-stressed shortleaf, loblolly, and shortleaf × loblolly pine hybrid seedlings

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1364-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua C. Bradley ◽  
Rodney E. Will
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Biomass Partitioning ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Coarse Roots ◽  
Coarse Root ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Hybrid Pine ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Hybridization between shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) has dramatically increased and may threaten the genetic integrity of shortleaf pine. Shortleaf pine is presumed to be more drought tolerant than loblolly pine, but the drought hardiness of the hybrid pine is not known. We determined biomass partitioning in response to water stress and measured whole-plant transpiration of shortleaf, loblolly, and hybrid pine seedlings. Water stress decreased total seedling biomass, increased biomass partitioning to foliage, and decreased biomass partitioning to coarse roots. Shortleaf pine seedlings partitioned more biomass to coarse roots than loblolly pine, and hybrid pine was intermediate between the parent species. We found no differences in the level of soil moisture at which seedlings of different species began to limit transpiration. Our results suggest that the transpiration response of shortleaf pine and hybrid pine is similar to that of loblolly pine when exposed to water stress. However, greater partitioning to coarse root may allow shortleaf and hybrid pines to better withstand drought due to greater potential belowground carbohydrate supply.

Regenerating Wet Sites with Bare-Root and Containerized Loblolly Pine Seedlings¹

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Yeiser ◽  
J. L. Paschke
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Test Site ◽  
First Year ◽  
Perched Water ◽  
Perched Water Table ◽  
Containerized Seedlings ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Bare Root

Abstract Seedling survival on a 1983 planted test site with a perched water table was 99% for both containerized and bare-root seedlings planted in May after the perched water table receded and 15% for seedlings planted in February while soils were saturated. Also, differences in survival forMay 1984 plantings on an upland flatwoods site, a terrace along an ephemeral stream, and a river floodplain site, indicate that each site possesses inherent properties uniquely influencing seedling survival. After the perched water table had receded, first-year mean survival of containerized seedlings was 19% higher than for bare-root seedlings. Some families showed tolerance to excessive soil moisture and are probably well suited for general planting on wet sites. The higher cost of containerized seedlings can be justified if a replant or marginal survival can be avoided. SouthJ. Appl. For. 11(1): 52-56.

Colonization, isolation, and cultural descriptions of Thelephora terrestris and other ectomycorrhizal fungi of shortleaf pine seedlings grown in fumigated soil

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald H. Marx ◽  
W. Craig Bryan ◽  
Larry F. Grand
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Thelephora Terrestris ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Nineteen fungal symbionts were isolated from ectomycorrhizae of 7- to 9-month-old shortleaf pine seedlings grown in heavily fumigated soil in a greenhouse. Cultural and chemical characterization revealed five distinct cultural groups. One symbiont group was culturally identical with isolates of Thelephora terrestris, a primary symbiont colonizer of fumigated soil. The other four groups of ectomycorrhizal fungi belonged to different species. Numerous surface sterilants were tested in attempts to isolate symbionts, but only mercuric chloride (100 p.p.m.) and copper sulfate (2.5 and 5%) were effective.

Benomyl Applied to Roots Improves Second-Year Survival and Growth of Shortleaf Pine

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Hallgren ◽  
D. M. Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Pinus Echinata ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Clay Slurry ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Second Year

Abstract Benomyl added to a clay-slurry root dip at a low concentration (0.5 % a.i.) increased second-year survival and growth of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) seedlings. The increase was greatest for stored seedlings lifted before December and after January, but results indicated that unstored seedlings and those lifted at the optimum time can benefit from benomyl. Planting seedlings in partially frozen soil did not seriously reduce performance. Seedlings that showed very low root growth potential due to root damage caused by lifting from frozen soil performed well when planted under favorable field conditions. Further study is needed to determine whether the beneficial effect of benomyl is due to: (1) suppression of pathogenic fungi in storage, (2) encouragement of mycorrhizae fungi, or (3) a cytokinin-like effect. Knowledge of the mode of action of benomyl will provide for development of techniques to insure the maximum benefit by using it appropriately. South. J. Appl. For. 19(1):36-41.

Cold-Hardiness of Containerized Loblolly Pine Seedlings: Its Effect on Field Survival and Growth

1979 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Mexal ◽  
Roger Timmis ◽  
William G. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Cold Hardening ◽  
Short Photoperiod ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Containerized Seedlings ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Natural Photoperiod ◽  
Survival And Growth

Abstract Loblolly pine seedlings grown in the greenhouse for 92 days in 64 ml Leach cells were hardened outdoors for 0, 14, 28, or 42 days. Those seedlings outplanted in November after cold-hardening for 14 days did not survive temperatures below -4°C (25°F). Seedlings cold-hardened for 42 days were hardier and their survival and height growth better the following season than trees hardened for 14 days or less. Seedlings kept in the greenhouse under an 8-hour photoperiod survived as well as seedlings hardened outdoors during a 42-days period. But seedlings held in the greenhouse under the natural photoperiod (∼11.5 hours) were unable to survive temperatures below -6°C (21°F). Results suggest that a short photoperiod may be substituted for cold temperatures to induce hardiness. For a successful fall planting of containerized seedlings, seedlings must be cold-hardened for at least 42 days, either outdoors or under shortened photoperiod.

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