scholarly journals 706 Sleep and Mental Health in College Students Before and During the Initial COVID-19 Shutdown

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A275-A276
Author(s):  
Michele Okun ◽  
Allison Walden ◽  
Leilani Feliciano
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
College Students ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unparalleled impact on college students. Following the initial and abrupt shutdown of campuses in March 2020, several investigators assessed the immediate effects on University students. Early reports found that college students reported a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression, sedentary behavior, and sleep problems. Most were conducted outside the U.S. Data from U.S. college students are critical to identify which areas are should receive resources and interventions as the U.S. continues to experience exponential COVID cases along with continued remote learning, social restrictions and/or lockdowns. Methods Students enrolled in the Spring 2020 semester (18 years of age +) were invited to participate in an online survey (April – May 2020). A final sample of 491 completed the entire survey (length ~45 minutes) which asked about sleep quality, psychological stress, depression, and exercise.Paired t-tests were conducted to compare pre-COVID and during COVID data. Results There were significant differences in sleep onset latency (26.44 ± 23.53 min vs 32.06 ± 26.88 min; t = -3.81, P < .001), sleep duration (7.30 ± 1.45 hours vs 7.63 ± 2.07 hours; t = -2.23, p = 0.027) and overall sleep quality (6.29 ± 3.29 vs 7.44 ± 3.86; t = -7.26, p < .001), as well as depression scores (IDS no sleep questions) (5.61 ± 4.18 vs 17.59 ± 5.45; t = -54.9, P < .001). There was no difference in perceived stress (28.03 ±5.27 vs 28.39 ±5.53, t = -1.49, p = .138). Exercise (vigorous, moderate and walking) all decreased with regards to days and time spent, (all P’s < .001), whereas minutes sitting significantly increased (426.50 ± 239.88 vs 542.26 ± 249.63, p < .001). Conclusion These data empirically support the claim that the pandemic is having a significant negative impact on physical and mental health among college students. In the best of times, college students have irregular sleep patterns and significant depression, but these behaviors are worsened under government restrictions. These findings underscore the need to prioritize prevention and intervention of modifiable behaviors, especially if the pandemic extends into 2021. Support (if any):

scholarly journals Assessing sleep quality in older adults: A comparison of three measurement approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 882-882
Author(s):  
Amy Berkley ◽  
Patricia Carter
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Wrist Actigraphy ◽  
Sleep Assessment

Abstract Discrepancies between subjective and objective sleep measures have been reported for some time; however, it is critical to consider the implications of inaccurate or incomplete sleep assessment for frail older adults who are struggling to maintain independence. To compare sleep assessment methods, we collected objective sleep measurements (via wrist actigraphy), subjective measures via self-report sleep surveys (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; Insomnia Severity Index, Sleep Hygiene Index), and qualitative data through semi-structured audio-recorded interviews, from 8 older adults who self-reported sleep problems while living in a retirement community in southwestern US. Participants’ objective sleep (Total Sleep Time, Sleep Onset Latency, Wake After Sleep Onset, and Sleep Efficiency) and qualitative narratives were congruent, but self-report measures failed to capture several unique sleep problems identified in the sample. Disordered sleep in older adults has been linked to increased incidence of falls, depression and anxiety, cognitive impairment, institutionalization, and mortality, but traditional sleep assessment instruments, designed for the general adult population, fail to capture many of the experiences and causes that are unique to older adults. functioning. A sleep assessment tool designed to measure older people’s sleep experiences could provide more accurate and sensitive data.

scholarly journals Examination of sleep health dimensions and their associations with perceived stress and health in a UK sample

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah F Allen ◽  
Umair Akram ◽  
Jason G Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Daytime Functioning ◽  
Principle Components Analysis

Abstract Background Sleep health is a relatively new multidimensional concept, however, there is no consensus on its underlying dimensions. A previous study examined potential indicators of sleep health using an aggregated sleep health measure. However, the psychometric properties are yet to be determined. The primary aim was to assess the factor structure, reliability and validity of this measure. A secondary aim was to explore the relationships with perceived stress, and physical and mental health. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with 257 adults from the UK aged 18–65 (78.4% female, mean age = 29.39 [SD = 11.37]). Participants completed 13 Sleep health items, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory, Insomnia Severity Scale, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Perceived Stress Scale and SF-12 Health Survey. Results The measure exhibited good internal consistency (α = 0.785) and construct validity as determined by associations with existing measures. Principle components analysis produced four factors e; sleep quality (α = 0.818), sleep adaptability (α = 0.917), sleep wellness (α = 0.621) and daytime functioning (α = 0.582). Adaptability (β = −241) was strongest predictor of perceived stress, and daytime functioning was strongest predictor of physical (β = 0.322) and mental health (β = 0.312). Conclusions Sleep health is a multidimensional construct comprising four distinct but related dimensions. The importance of sleep health in terms of perceived stress and mental and physical health is highlighted.

scholarly journals 224 Digital Media Use and Sleep in College Students during COVID-19 Pandemic

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A89-A90
Author(s):  
Winnie Li ◽  
Lichuan Ye
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
College Students ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Physical And Mental Health

Abstract Introduction To address the growing sleep deficiency epidemic in college students, more research is needed on recent factors that might affect sleep, such as the digital media use in this young adult population. Furthermore, sleep and the use of digital media can be heavily influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to examine the use of digital media during the pandemic, and its relationship with sleep disturbance, social isolation, physical and mental health in college students. Methods An online survey was sent out to college students enrolled in an urban university. Validated questionnaires including PROMIS (Sleep Disturbance, Global Mental Health, Global Physical Health, Social Isolation), Nighttime Media Usage, and Internet Addition Test were included in the survey. In addition, focus groups were conducted with a subsample of survey respondents to elicit a comprehensive understanding of how digital media use in daily life influences sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data collection was conducted during June to December 2020. Results A total of 358 students completed the online survey. Sleep disturbance was significantly related to greater digital media use for recreational purposes two hours before bedtime (62.6±28.1 minutes, r=0.110, p=0.046), and a higher frequency of playing games (r=0.148, p=0.007) and using social media after going to bed (r=0.142, p=0.10). Sleep disturbance was significantly associated with social isolation (r=0.251, p<0.001), poor global physical health (r=-0.186, p<0.001) and mental health (r=-0.376, p<0.001), and lower GPA (r=-0.167, p=0.004). Additionally, seven focus groups were conducted in a total of 32 students, suggesting that the increase in free time from the COVID-19 pandemic led to greater digital media use, compromising sleep duration and quality. With the increase of screen time also came feeling of guilt and anxiety which often led to greater awareness and self-control around media use. Conclusion Nighttime digital media use during the challenging pandemic time has a significant impact on poor sleep, which may lead to decreased academic performance, greater social isolation, and poor physical and mental health in college students. Effective interventions targeting digital media use are needed to improve sleep in this population. Support (if any):

A meta-analysis of accelerometer sleep outcomes in healthy children based on the Sadeh algorithm: the influence of child and device characteristics

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jojanneke A M C van Kooten ◽  
Sofie T W Jacobse ◽  
Martijn W Heymans ◽  
Ralph de Vries ◽  
Gertjan J L Kaspers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
General Reference

Abstract Study Objectives Children often experience sleep problems, with a negative impact on mood, behavior, cognitive function, and other aspects of mental and physical health. Accelerometers are widely used to assess sleep, but general reference values for healthy children do not yet exist. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine mean values for wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep efficiency (SE), total sleep time (TST) and sleep onset latency (SOL), and to determine the effect of child and accelerometer-characteristics. Methods A search included studies with healthy children, 0–18 years, reporting WASO, SE, TST, and/or SOL, calculated with the Sadeh algorithm. Meta-analyses with random effects produced pooled estimate means per outcome. Meta-regression analyses determined the effect of age, sex, placement site and accelerometer type. Results Eighty-three studies (9,068 participants) were included. Pooled means were 63 min (95% CI 57 to 69) for WASO, 88% (95% CI 87 to 89) for SE, 477 min (95% CI 464 to 491) for TST and 19 min (95% CI 17 to 22) for SOL. Heterogeneity was high (95%–99%). TST decreased with age and there was an age-effect on SOL. SE differed between wrist and ankle (used in age 0–24 months) placement, and between piezoelectric and MEMS-type accelerometers. No differences were found between boys and girls, although this number of studies was small. Conclusions We found differences in almost all investigated outcomes and heterogeneity was high. Therefore, we advise to use a study-specific control sample until more robust reference values are available. Future research should narrow the methodological heterogeneity and produce larger datasets, needed to establish these reference values.

scholarly journals College Student Sleep Quality and Mental and Physical Health are Associated with Food Insecurity in a Multi-Campus Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Hagedorn ◽  
Melissa D. Olfert ◽  
Lillian MacNell ◽  
Bailey Houghtaling ◽  
Lanae B. Hood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
College Students ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Abstract Objective: To assess the relationship between food insecurity, sleep quality, and days with mental and physical health issues among college students. Design: An online survey was administered. Food insecurity was assessed using the 10-item Adult Food Security Survey Module. Sleep was measured using the 19-item Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Mental health and physical health were measured using three items from the Healthy Days Core Module. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to assess the relationship between food insecurity, sleep quality, and days with poor mental and physical health. Setting: Twenty-two higher education institutions. Participants: College students (n=17,686) enrolled at one of 22 participating universities. Results: Compared to food secure students, those classified as food insecure (43.4%) had higher PSQI scores indicating poorer sleep quality (p<.0001) and reported more days with poor mental (p<.0001) and physical (p<.0001) health as well as days when mental and physical health prevented them from completing daily activities (p<.0001). Food insecure students had higher adjusted odds of having poor sleep quality (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]:1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-1.14), days with poor physical health (AOR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01-1.02), days with poor mental health (AOR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.03), and days when poor mental or physical health prevented them from completing daily activities (AOR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.04). Conclusions: College students report high food insecurity which is associated with poor mental and physical health and sleep quality. Multi-level policy changes and campus wellness programs are needed to prevent food insecurity and improve student health-related outcomes.

scholarly journals The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and residency training of family medicine residents: findings from a nationwide cross-sectional survey in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüsna Çevik ◽  
Mehmet Ungan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Family Medicine ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
Family Medicine Residents

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on resident training in different branches and affected the physical and mental health of frontline residents adversely. This nationwide cross-sectional survey aimed to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on family medicine residents in Turkey, including the levels of depression and burnout. Methods An anonymous online survey was distributed to all family medicine residents via e-mail and a web link between 28.11.2020 and 12.12.2020. Information on sociodemographic data and the residency programme were evaluated, and factors associated with depression and burnout were examined using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Burnout Measure-Short Version (BMS) respectively. Results Although the weekly average working hours of the 477 respondents increased significantly during the pandemic (p < 0.05), the average weekly working time in the Family Medicine (FM) outpatient clinic decreased. The greatest concern of 58.3% of the residents was fear of transmitting COVID-19 to their family members. 90.2% of the residents stated that training programmes were negatively or very negatively affected. According to PHQ-9 scores, 15.7% of residents had moderately severe, and 14.9% severe depression. The BMS scores of the residents demonstrated that 24.1% had a very severe burnout problem, and 23.3% should seek professional help as soon as possible. Being single, having no children, female gender, lack of personal protective equipments and increased contact time with COVID-19 patients were associated with higher scores in the depression and burnout scales (p < 0.05). Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on training programmes for FM residents, who are at the forefront of the pandemic in Turkey, and this situation is closely related to depression and burnout. Due to the unpredictability of the pandemic, long-term plans should be made for the training needs of residents in order to protect their physical and mental health.

scholarly journals Beyond PPE: a mixed qualitative–quantitative study capturing the wider issues affecting doctors’ well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e050223
Author(s):  
Lyndsey Jayne Cubitt ◽  
Yu Ri Im ◽  
Ciaran James Scott ◽  
Louise Claire Jeynes ◽  
Paul David Molyneux
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges to the medical workforce. This has put them at increased risk of burnout at a time when levels are already worryingly high in the profession, with recent studies consistently showing that around half of doctors meet the validated criteria for burnout.ObjectivesTo understand the wider factors influencing and impacting upon hospital doctors’ well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic in England.DesignCross-sectional survey and mixed quantitative–qualitative analysis.SettingAcute National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust in England.ParticipantsAn online survey was circulated in early June 2020 to all 449 doctors employed by the Trust. 242 doctors completed the survey (54% response rate).Primary outcome measuresQuestions assessed occupational details, self-reported changes in physical and mental health, satisfaction with working hours and patterns, availability of personal protective equipment (PPE), medication and facilities, communication and sought to identify areas seen as having a significant effect on doctors’ well-being.Results96% of respondents requiring PPE were able to access it. Nearly half of the respondents felt that their mental health had deteriorated since the start of the pandemic. Over a third stated that their physical health had also declined. Issues identified as having a negative impact on doctors included increased workload, redeployment, loss of autonomy, personal issues affecting family members, anxiety around recovery plans, inadequate access to changing and storage facilities and to rest areas that allow for social distancing. Doctors appreciated access to ‘calm rooms’ that were made available for staff, access to clinical psychology support, free drinks and free car parking on site.ConclusionThe emerging themes are suggestive of increased burnout risk among doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic and encompass factors well beyond shortage of PPE. Small organisational initiatives and the implementation of changes suggested by survey respondents can have a positive impact on doctors’ well-being.

scholarly journals The status of college students' sleep quality and its relationship with internet addiction, anxiety and depression

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minmin Jiang ◽  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Yanqiu Wang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Dong Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
College Students ◽  
College Student ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
The Status

Abstract Background:The problem of the decline of college students' sleep quality has gradually become a major factor affecting the physical and mental health of college students. The present study mainly explored the status of college students' sleep quality and its relationship with internet addiction, anxiety and depression.Methods:A sample of 5794 college students(18.89±1.10) from two randomly selected college from Anhui in China completed the measurement of sleep quality,Internet addiction,anxiety and depression.Sleep quality was measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).Results:The total detection rate of sleep disorder was 31.30% and the average score of PSQI was 6.27±2.62 in 5974 college students. Sleep disorders rate of females(c 2 =76.503, P <0.001) and PSQI average scores (t=-11.915, P <0.001) were significantly higher than those of males. Students in non-medical colleges had higher sleep disorders rate (c 2 =6.880, P <0.001) and PSQI average scores (t=-3.668, P <0.001) than medical college students.The sleep quality of college students was positively correlated with internet addiction (r=0.197, P <0.05), anxiety (r=0.227, P <0.05) and depression (r=0.268, P <0.05). The probability of females having sleep disorders was 1.726 times than that of males( OR =1.726, P <0.001).Third grade students were more prone to have sleep disorders( OR =1.240, P <0.05).Internet addiction ( OR =1.336, P <0.001), anxiety ( OR =1.695, P <0.001) and depression ( OR =1.964, P <0.001) were risk factors of sleep quality. Extroverted personality was a protective factor ( OR =-0.689, P <0.001).Conclusion:These findings suggested that college students had a high rate of sleep disorders. Schools and related departments should take appropriate measures to improve the sleep quality and promote physical and mental health of college student. Keywords :Sleep quality,College student,Internet addiction, Anxiety, Depression

scholarly journals Mental health of undocumented college students during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarid Goodman ◽  
Sharron Xuanren Wang ◽  
Rubi A Guadarrama Ornelas ◽  
Marina Hernandez Santana
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
College Students ◽  
Undocumented Immigrants ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Social Scientists

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a surge in mental health problems across the United States, and some reports suggest a more severe impact for racial and ethnic minorities. The present study was conducted to gain a preliminary understanding of the mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic specifically for dreamers, i.e., undocumented immigrants who entered the U.S. as minors. A population of about 150 dreamers currently enrolled at a public university in Delaware were invited to participate in an online survey. The survey contained questions about demographics, mental health, academics, immigration, COVID-19 infection, and unemployment, in addition to mental health screens for anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), and stress (PSS-10). In total, 109 dreamers completed the survey. We observed remarkably high clinical levels of anxiety and depression: 47% of the dreamers met the clinical cutoff for anxiety, 63% met the cutoff for depression, and 67% (2 in 3) met the cutoff for anxiety and/or depression. Rates of anxiety and depression in our sample were significantly higher than those recently reported for college students overall, suggesting that dreamers may be experiencing a more severe mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. We also found that pandemic-induced concerns about finances, COVID-19 infection, immigration, and unemployment (among other factors) were associated with greater anxiety, stress, and depression among the dreamers in our sample. The present findings are consistent with recent predictions by social scientists that the COVID-19 pandemic would have a disproportionately negative impact on the mental health of undocumented immigrants.

scholarly journals The Quality, Quantity, and Intraindividual Variability of Sleep Among Students and Student-Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Cédric Leduc ◽  
Jason Tee ◽  
Jonathon Weakley ◽  
Carlos Ramirez ◽  
Ben Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Intraindividual Variability ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Sleep Habits

Background: Student-athletes are subject to significant demands due to their concurrent sporting and academic commitments, which may affect their sleep. This study aimed to compare the self-reported sleep quality, quantity, and intraindividual variability (IIV) of students and student-athletes through an online survey. Hypothesis: Student-athletes will have a poorer sleep quality and quantity and experience more IIV. Study Design: Case-control study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), while sleep quantity and IIV were assessed using the Consensus Sleep Diary. Initially, the PSQI and additional questions regarding sport participation habits were completed by 138 participants (65 students, 73 student-athletes). From within this sample, 44 participants were recruited to complete the sleep diary for a period of 14 days. Results: The mean PSQI score was 6.89 ± 3.03, with 65% of the sample identified as poor sleepers, but no difference was observed between students and student-athletes. Analysis of sleep patterns showed only possibly to likely small differences in sleep schedule, sleep onset latency, and subjective sleep quality between groups. IIV analysis showed likely moderate to possibly small differences between groups, suggesting more variable sleep patterns among student-athletes. Conclusion: This study highlights that sleep issues are prevalent within the university student population and that student-athletes may be at greater risk due to more variable sleep patterns. Clinical Relevance: University coaches should consider these results to optimize sleep habits of their student-athletes.

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