scholarly journals The Quality, Quantity, and Intraindividual Variability of Sleep Among Students and Student-Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Cédric Leduc ◽  
Jason Tee ◽  
Jonathon Weakley ◽  
Carlos Ramirez ◽  
Ben Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Intraindividual Variability ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Sleep Habits

Background: Student-athletes are subject to significant demands due to their concurrent sporting and academic commitments, which may affect their sleep. This study aimed to compare the self-reported sleep quality, quantity, and intraindividual variability (IIV) of students and student-athletes through an online survey. Hypothesis: Student-athletes will have a poorer sleep quality and quantity and experience more IIV. Study Design: Case-control study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), while sleep quantity and IIV were assessed using the Consensus Sleep Diary. Initially, the PSQI and additional questions regarding sport participation habits were completed by 138 participants (65 students, 73 student-athletes). From within this sample, 44 participants were recruited to complete the sleep diary for a period of 14 days. Results: The mean PSQI score was 6.89 ± 3.03, with 65% of the sample identified as poor sleepers, but no difference was observed between students and student-athletes. Analysis of sleep patterns showed only possibly to likely small differences in sleep schedule, sleep onset latency, and subjective sleep quality between groups. IIV analysis showed likely moderate to possibly small differences between groups, suggesting more variable sleep patterns among student-athletes. Conclusion: This study highlights that sleep issues are prevalent within the university student population and that student-athletes may be at greater risk due to more variable sleep patterns. Clinical Relevance: University coaches should consider these results to optimize sleep habits of their student-athletes.

scholarly journals 0938 Sleep, Perfectionism and Cognitive Anxiety in Sports: An Exploratory Study

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A356-A357
Author(s):  
L Ramos Socarras ◽  
V Bourgon ◽  
K Mercier ◽  
G Forest
Keyword(s):  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Recovery Sleep ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Bidirectional Association

Abstract Introduction Perfectionism has been related to cognitive anxiety in sports. The bidirectional association between sleep and anxiety has also been well studied. However, the relationship between sleep habits, anxiety and perfectionism in physically active young individuals hasn’t been documented yet. This was the objective of the present study. Methods 150 young, physically active participants (10 to 18 years old; 47% boys, 51% girls) completed an online survey comprised of questions extracted from the Sport Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-2, the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2R and the Adolescent Sleep Habits Survey. First, independent t-tests were conducted to compare sleep habits, personal standards (PS), perceived parental pressure (PPP) and perceived coach pressure (PCP) of more anxious (ANX) to less anxious (NOANX) participants. Then, stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were computed to examine the significant sleep habits and perfectionism variables associations with competitive cognitive anxiety. Results Results show that ANX participants have higher PS (t(148)=3.19, p=0.002), less total sleep time on weekend (TST; t(148)=-2.94, p=0.004), longer sleep onset latency (SOL) on weeknights (t(128.09)=2.28, p=0.03) and report more daytime sleepiness (t(148)=3.06, p=0.003) compared to NOANX participants. The significant sleep variables and PS collectively explained 17.7% of competitive cognitive anxiety variance (p=0.00). PS was the largest predictor (β=0.27, p=0.00), followed by daytime sleepiness (β=0.21, p=0.007), weekend TST (β=-0.17, p=0.023) and weeknight SOL (β=0.16, p=.038). Conclusion These results suggest that, even though PS is associated with cognitive anxiety, sleep seem to be an important factor to consider. Specifically, increased daytime sleepiness accompanied by difficulties falling asleep during school nights and no recovery sleep during weekends significantly contribute to competitive cognitive anxiety. These results could have important implications when addressing competitive anxiety issues in young athletes. Support N/A

scholarly journals Sleep Patterns of Resident Physicians and the Effect of Heartfulness Meditation

2021 ◽  
pp. 097275312110390
Author(s):  
Jayaram Thimmapuram ◽  
Robert Pargament ◽  
Sonya Del Tredici ◽  
Theodore Bell ◽  
Deborah Yommer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Sleep Quantity ◽  
Resident Physicians ◽  
Improve Sleep Quality

Background: Medical residents are vulnerable to poor sleep quality due to intense work shifts and academic load. Studies objectively quantified with sleep quantity and quality among resident physicians are limited. Meditation techniques have been shown to improve sleep but are rarely studied in this population. The aim of the present study is to evaluate sleep patterns of internal medicine residents and the effect of a structured Heartfulness meditation program to improve sleep quality. Methods: A total of 36 residents participated in a pre–post cohort study from January 2019 through April 2019. Sleep was monitored during a one-week outpatient rotation with two validated assessment tools, namely consensus sleep diary and actigraphy. After four intervening weeks, when the residents returned to the same rotation, Heartfulness meditation was practiced and the same parameters were measured. At the end of the study period, an anonymous qualitative feedback survey was collected to assess the feasibility of the intervention. Results: All 36 residents participated in the study (mean age 31.09 years, SD 4.87); 34 residents (94.4%) had complete pre–post data. Consensus sleep diary data showed decreased sleep onset time from 21.03 to 14.84 min ( P = .01); sleep quality and restfulness scores increased from 3.32 to 3.89 and 3.08 to 3.54, respectively ( P < .001 for both). Actigraphy showed a change in sleep onset time from 20.9 min to 14.5 min ( P = .003). Sleep efficiency improved from 83.5% to 85.6% ( P = .019). Wakefulness after initial sleep onset changed from 38.8 to 39.9 min ( P = .682). Sleep fragmentation index and the number of awakenings decreased from 6.16 to 5.46 ( P = .004) and 41.71 to 36.37 ( P = .013), respectively. Conclusions: Residents obtained nearly 7 h of sleep during outpatient rotation. Findings suggest a structured Heartfulness meditation practice to be a feasible program to improve subjective sleep onset time and several objective measures among resident physicians.

scholarly journals 0524 Web-Delivered CBT for Insomnia Intervention Improves Sleep Among Adults with Insomnia and Depressive Symptoms

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A200-A201
Author(s):  
P J Batterham ◽  
H Christensen ◽  
F P Thorndike ◽  
L M Ritterband ◽  
R Gerwien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Sleep Diaries

Abstract Introduction Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the first line recommended treatment for adults with chronic insomnia. In a prior randomized controlled trial (RCT), data showed web-delivered CBT-I (SHUTi) reduced insomnia severity as well as symptoms of depression, among adults with insomnia and elevated depressive symptoms. The present study aimed to further evaluate the effectiveness of web CBT-I to improve sleep outcomes as measured by prospectively entered sleep diaries in this same sample. Methods A large-scale RCT (N=1149) of Australian adults with insomnia and depressive symptoms compared a 9-week, web CBT-I therapeutic with an attention-matched web program at baseline, posttest and 6-, 12-, and 18-month follow-ups. Although depression outcomes have been presented previously, the online sleep-diary derived variables have not yet been presented, including sleep-onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep efficiency (SE), number of awakenings, sleep quality, and total sleep time (TST). Sleep diaries were entered online for 10 days at each assessment period. Results Data showed web CBT-I participants demonstrated greater reductions from baseline to posttest compared with control for the following sleep variables: SOL (LS mean difference [95% CI]=-22.3 min [-29.2, -15.3]; p&lt;.0001), WASO (-17.8 min [-23.4, -12.3]; p&lt;.0001), and number of awakenings (-0.38 [-0.68, -0.09]; p=.0113). Web CBT-I also showed greater improvements in SE (9.18% [7.25%, 11.10%]; p&lt;.0001) and sleep quality (0.41 [0.30, 0.53]; p&lt;.0001) from baseline to posttest compared with control. TST was not significantly different between groups at posttest or 6-month follow-up, although it improved over baseline at 12 (18.73 min [7.39, 30.07]; p=.0013) and 18 months (23.76 min [9.15, 38.36]; p=.0015) relative to control. All other significant sleep treatment effects were maintained in the treatment arm at 6, 12, and 18-month follow-up. Conclusion Data showed web CBT-I produced lasting improvements in sleep outcomes among adults with insomnia and elevated depressive symptoms. Support Clinical trial ACTRN12611000121965 was funded by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. The statistical analysis described here was funded by Pear Therapeutics, Inc and conducted by Provonix.

Effectiveness of a Multicomponent Group Treatment for Insomnia

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Schramm ◽  
Fritz Hohagen ◽  
Jutta Backhaus ◽  
Stefanie Lis ◽  
Mathias Berger
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Problem Solving Skills

The present study evaluates a multifaceted cognitive-behavioral group treatment in a routine clinical setting. The program consists of directly sleep related strategies such as sleep education, sleep restriction, stimulus control, relaxation, and cognitive restructuring. Also included are techniques that target illness maintaining factors such as stress-management, problem solving skills, and increase of activities. Twenty-eight physician-referred outpatients with chronic primary insomnia according to DSM-III-R criteria attended 11 weekly therapy-sessions. Results were obtained on a subjective and objective level using a sleep diary, questionnaires, and polysomnography, respectively. Pre- and post-treatment comparisons indicated significant changes on all main sleep diary variables, i.e. total sleep time, sleep efficiency, number of awakenings, sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset, as well as for the global subjective sleep quality. Maximum improvement was reached after the more directly sleep-related part of the program. In addition, the intervention helped patients to reduce the amount and frequency of sleeping aids over time and improved their daytime-functioning. Subjective therapeutic gains were maintained at 3- and 12-month follow-ups. No significant treatment effects could be obtained on polysomnographic measures, taking into account that the baseline values were already in the normative range. After the intervention the patients were able to give a more realistic evaluation of their sleep. These results suggest that a multicomponent psychological treatment is beneficial for the improvement of sleep quality on a subjective level.

Sleep Quality Associated With Different Work Schedules: A Longitudinal Study of Nursing Staff

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Fen Niu ◽  
Nae-Fang Miao ◽  
Yuan-Mei Liao ◽  
Mei-Ju Chi ◽  
Min-Huey Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Shift Group ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Work Shifts

Purpose: To explore the differences in sleep parameters between nurses working a slow, forward rotating shift and those working a fixed day shift. Method: A longitudinal parallel-group comparison design was used in this prospective study. Participants (female) were randomly assigned to a rotating shift or a fixed day shift group. Participants in the rotating shift group worked day shift for the first 4 weeks, followed by evening shift for the second and night shift the third. Those in the day shift group worked day shift for all 12 weeks. Each kept a sleep diary and wore an actigraph (actigraph data were used to calculate total sleep time [TST], sleep onset latency [SOL], wake after sleep onset [WASO], and sleep efficiency [SE]) for 12 days, from Workday 1–4 in each of Weeks 4, 8, and 12. Results: TST in nurses working evening rotating shift was higher than that for those working the day or night rotating shift and fixed day shift. WASO was significantly longer on Day 2 for rotating shift participants working evening versus day shift. SOL and SE were significantly shorter and lower in rotating shift nurses working night versus both day and evening shifts. Conclusions: A comprehensive understanding of the sleep patterns and quality of nurses with different work shifts may lead to better management of work shifts that reduces the influence of shift work on sleep quality.

scholarly journals 1025 Sleep Patterns In Head Neck Cancer Patients During Radiotherapy

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A389-A390
Author(s):  
F Gu ◽  
C Jungquist ◽  
A Sonia ◽  
L Liu ◽  
E Repasky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
End Of Treatment

Abstract Introduction Sleep disturbances are reported to be highly prevalent in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients, but no carefully assessed sleep data exists in patients with HNC undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Methods To objectively assess sleep patterns in this study population, we conducted a pilot study in 15 patients and 13 non-cancer healthy volunteers. Patients wore the wrist Actiwatch Spectrum (Philips Respironics) at week 1, 3, and 6/7 during the 7-week treatment period. Volunteers wore the Actiwatch for one week. We used the Actiware software to calculate sleep parameters. A sleep log was used as a complement to define participants’ bedtime and rise-up time. Any sleep episode scored by the software during daytime was considered as a nap. Results Compared to healthy volunteers, patients had lower overnight sleep efficiency, longer sleep onset latency and more waking time after sleep onset (WASO), indicating more difficulty falling asleep and maintaining sleep. During CRT, patients’ sleep efficiency decreased whereas latency and WASO increased, indicating possible the decrease of sleep quality. Sleep efficiency of &lt;85% has been used previously as a cut-off for poor sleep; based on this criteria, 45% of HNC patients had poor sleep at treatment baseline, compared to 31% in non-cancer volunteers, and this proportion increased to 51% by the end of treatment. Patients had longer napping time: compared to healthy volunteers, the napping time was on average 2 hours longer at baseline, and 3 hours longer at the end of treatment, indicating unhealthy sleep habits of these patients. Conclusion Our data suggested HNC patients had severe sleep disturbances and unhealthy sleep habits, which were aggravated during CRT treatment. Support This study was supported by UL1TR001412-04, a Clinical and Translational Research Award under SUNY-Buffalo.

scholarly journals 706 Sleep and Mental Health in College Students Before and During the Initial COVID-19 Shutdown

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A275-A276
Author(s):  
Michele Okun ◽  
Allison Walden ◽  
Leilani Feliciano
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
College Students ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unparalleled impact on college students. Following the initial and abrupt shutdown of campuses in March 2020, several investigators assessed the immediate effects on University students. Early reports found that college students reported a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression, sedentary behavior, and sleep problems. Most were conducted outside the U.S. Data from U.S. college students are critical to identify which areas are should receive resources and interventions as the U.S. continues to experience exponential COVID cases along with continued remote learning, social restrictions and/or lockdowns. Methods Students enrolled in the Spring 2020 semester (18 years of age +) were invited to participate in an online survey (April – May 2020). A final sample of 491 completed the entire survey (length ~45 minutes) which asked about sleep quality, psychological stress, depression, and exercise.Paired t-tests were conducted to compare pre-COVID and during COVID data. Results There were significant differences in sleep onset latency (26.44 ± 23.53 min vs 32.06 ± 26.88 min; t = -3.81, P &lt; .001), sleep duration (7.30 ± 1.45 hours vs 7.63 ± 2.07 hours; t = -2.23, p = 0.027) and overall sleep quality (6.29 ± 3.29 vs 7.44 ± 3.86; t = -7.26, p &lt; .001), as well as depression scores (IDS no sleep questions) (5.61 ± 4.18 vs 17.59 ± 5.45; t = -54.9, P &lt; .001). There was no difference in perceived stress (28.03 ±5.27 vs 28.39 ±5.53, t = -1.49, p = .138). Exercise (vigorous, moderate and walking) all decreased with regards to days and time spent, (all P’s &lt; .001), whereas minutes sitting significantly increased (426.50 ± 239.88 vs 542.26 ± 249.63, p &lt; .001). Conclusion These data empirically support the claim that the pandemic is having a significant negative impact on physical and mental health among college students. In the best of times, college students have irregular sleep patterns and significant depression, but these behaviors are worsened under government restrictions. These findings underscore the need to prioritize prevention and intervention of modifiable behaviors, especially if the pandemic extends into 2021. Support (if any):

scholarly journals Treating Insomnia Symptoms with Medicinal Cannabis: A Randomized, Cross-Over Trial of the Efficacy of a Cannabinoid Medicine Compared with Placebo

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer H Walsh ◽  
Kathleen J Maddison ◽  
Tim Rankin ◽  
Kevin Murray ◽  
Nigel McArdle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Chronic Insomnia ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Sublingual Administration ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Abstract Study Objectives This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of two-weeks of nightly sublingual cannabinoid extract (ZTL-101) in treating chronic insomnia (symptoms ≥three months). Methods Co-primary study endpoints were safety of the medication based on adverse event reporting and global insomnia symptoms (Insomnia Severity Index; ISI). Secondary endpoints included: self-reported (sleep diary), actigraphy-derived and polysomnography measurements of sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE); and self-reported assessments of sleep quality (sSQ) and feeling rested upon waking. Adjusted mean differences between placebo and ZTL-101 were calculated. Results Twenty-three of 24 randomized participants (n=20 female, mean age 53±9years) completed the protocol. No serious adverse events were reported. Forty mild, non-serious, adverse events were reported (36 during ZTL-101) with all but one resolving overnight or soon after waking. Compared to placebo, ZTL-101 decreased ISI (-5.07units [95%CI: -7.28 to -2.86]; p=0.0001) and self-reported SOL (-8.45mins [95%CI: -16.33 to -0.57]; p=0.04) and increased self-reported TST (64.6mins [95%CI: 41.70 to 87.46]; p&lt;.0001), sSQ, (0.74units [95%CI: 0.51 to 0.97]; p&lt;0.0001) and feeling of being rested on waking (0.51units [95%CI: 0.24 to 0.78]; p=0.0007). ZTL-101 also decreased actigraphy-derived WASO (-10.2mins [95%CI: -16.2 to -4.2]; p=0.002), and increased actigraphy-derived TST (33.4mins [95%CI: 23.07 to 43.76]; p&lt;0.001) and SE (2.9% [95%CI: 2.0 to 3.8]; p=0.005). Conclusion Two-weeks of nightly sublingual administration of a cannabinoid extract (ZTL-101) is well tolerated and improves insomnia symptoms and sleep quality in individuals with chronic insomnia symptoms.

scholarly journals The Effects of Caffeine on Sleep Patterns Among Adolescents

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E Margolis
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Caffeine Consumption

This review of literature examines whether there is a causal relationship between caffeine consumption and sleep patterns among adolescents. Literature suggests that there is a cause and effect relationship between caffeine intake and cognitive performance in adults. Researchers also found that among the adult population, consuming caffeine before sleep resulted in increased sleep onset time, reduced total sleep time, and poorer sleep quality. Specifically, adolescents ingest the majority of their total caffeine intake through caffeinated sodas. Studies have shown that adolescents consume more caffeine later in the week, which correlates with shorter total sleep time and decreased sleep quality. Thus, in review of the literature, it was determined that caffeine negatively affects sleep habits among adults, but further research should be conducted in order to conclude whether this relationship holds true among adolescents.

scholarly journals 193 Sleep Variability and Affect Dynamics Among College Students during COVID-19 Pandemic

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A78-A78
Author(s):  
Zahra Mousavi ◽  
Jocelyn Lai ◽  
Asal Yunusova ◽  
Alexander Rivera ◽  
Sirui Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Deep Sleep ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
Light Sleep ◽  
Affect Dynamics

Abstract Introduction Sleep disturbance is a transdiagnostic risk factor that is so prevalent among emerging adults it is considered to be a public health epidemic. For emerging adults, who are already at greater risk for psychopathology, the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted daily routines, potentially changing sleep patterns and heightening risk factors for the emergence of affective dysregulation, and consequently mood-related disturbances. This study aimed to determine whether variability in sleep patterns across a 3-month period was associated with next-day positive and negative affect, and affective dynamics, proximal affective predictors of depressive symptoms among young adults during the pandemic. Methods College student participants (N=20, 65% female, Mage=19.80, SDage=1.0) wore non-invasive wearable devices (the Oura ring https://ouraring.com/) continuously for a period of 3-months, measuring sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, total sleep, and time spent in different stages of sleep (light, deep and rapid eye movement). Participants reported daily PA and NA using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule on a 0-100 scale to report on their affective state. Results Multilevel models specifying a within-subject process of the relation between sleep and affect revealed that participants with higher sleep onset latency (b= -2.98, p&lt;.01) and sleep duration on the prior day (b= -.35, p=.01) had lower PA the next day. Participants with longer light sleep duration had lower PA (b= -.28, p=.02), whereas participants with longer deep sleep duration had higher PA (b= .36, p=.02) the next day. On days with higher total sleep, participants experienced lower NA compared to their own average (b= -.01, p=.04). Follow-up exploratory bivariate correlations revealed significant associations between light sleep duration instability and higher instability in both PA and NA, whereas higher deep sleep duration was linked with lower instability in both PA and NA (all ps&lt; .05). In the full-length paper these analyses will be probed using linear regressions controlling for relevant covariates (main effects of sleep, sex/age/ethnicity). Conclusion Sleep, an important transdiagnostic health outcome, may contribute to next-day PA and NA. Sleep patterns predict affect dynamics, which may be proximal predictors of mood disturbances. Affect dynamics may be one potential pathway through which sleep has implications for health disparities. Support (if any):

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