scholarly journals Seed Transmission of Cephalosporium gramineum in Winter Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy D. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Surface Disinfection ◽  
Infected Seed ◽  
Cephalosporium Gramineum ◽  
Field Plots

Although isolation of Cephalosporium gramineum from wheat (Triticum aestivum) seed has been reported, development of Cephalosporium stripe in plants from infected seed has not been demonstrated experimentally. Winter wheat seed was collected from three experimental field plots where Cephalosporium stripe was present, and C. gramineum was isolated from the seed following surface-disinfection and incubation on a semi-selective medium. C. gramineum was isolated from 0.10 to 0.88% of seed from 11 of 12 cultivars in a field experiment at Pullman, WA, and from 0.10 to 0.30% of seed from 3 of 4 genotypes in a field experiment at Fort Hall, ID; differences among cultivars were not significant in either experiment. C. gramineum was isolated from 0.35 and 0.55% of cv. Stephens plants with no symptoms and severe symptoms, respectively, from a uniform seeding in Pullman. Seed of the four genotypes from Fort Hall and Stephens from Pullman were grown under controlled environment in a soilless potting mix with no added inoculum and in which C. gramineum was not detected. Symptoms of Cephalosporium stripe developed in 0.08 and 0.17% of Stephens and breeding line 87-00314A plants, respectively, from Fort Hall, and from 0.18 and 0.55% of Stephens plants with no symptoms and severe symptoms, respectively. Although development of Cephalosporium stripe in plants grown from seed lots harvested from diseased plants was low, infected seed can provide an important source of inoculum for introducing the pathogen and initiating epidemics in areas where the pathogen did not occur previously.

scholarly journals PCR-Based Detection of Cephalosporium gramineum in Winter Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. E. Klos ◽  
L. M. Vásquez-Siller ◽  
H. C. Wetzel ◽  
T. D. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Cephalosporium Gramineum ◽  
Field Plots

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed amplifying a 496-bp fragment of the internal transcribed spacer region of Cephalosporium gramineum genomic DNA at concentrations of 100 fg/μl. Winter wheat seed and seedlings were collected from field plots where C. gramineum was present. Seed was tested by PCR using 20-seed samples bulked for DNA extraction. Estimates of seed infection, based on isolation of the pathogen on semiselective medium and PCR, were comparable at 0.18 and 0.13% of winter wheat ‘Stephens’ (P = 0.6042), and 0.45 and 0.58% of experimental line WA7970 (P = 0.5636), respectively. PCR differentiated between plants with well-developed symptoms of Cephalosporium stripe and noninoculated plants. Positive PCR was obtained from 22% of asymptomatic leaf blades from inoculated plants. We found no false positives when PCR and C. gramineum isolation on a semiselective medium were performed using tissue from the same leaf. The PCR assay has potential to diagnose Cephalosporium stripe disease prior to the appearance of symptoms. Negative PCR for some samples from which C. gramineum was isolated suggests that C. gramineum may be present below the level of detection in some asymptomatic leaves. This PCR assay may be useful for investigations into C. gramineum infection of wheat.

Effectiveness of fungicide seed treatments for preventing seed-to-seedling transmission of Fusarium graminearum under controlled-environment conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Fernandez ◽  
T K Turkington ◽  
W E May
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Infected Seed

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is well established in the eastern prairies, but for the most part it has been absent from western regions, especially under dryland conditions. This has been largely attributed to dry and hot conditions during some years, and the limited occurrence of F. graminearum in the western prairies. It is of importance to prevent the movement of F. graminearum, the most important FHB pathogen in North America, to areas where this pathogen is not commonly found. Three controlled-environment studies, using different Fusarium-infected common and durum wheat seed lots, were conducted to determine the effectiveness of currently registered fungicide seed treatments in improving seedling emergence and plant development, and preventing the growth of F. graminearum from infected seed to plant tissue. Fungicide treatments improved seedling emergence from the most infected seed over the untreated infected control, but most treatments did not improve emergence in the other experiments. Plant growth in the fungicide treatments was either similar to or slower than in the untreated controls. Fusarium graminearum was isolated from discoloured tissue in all treatments and was generally more common in crowns than in subcrown internodes. No fungicide treatment reduced discolouration of plant tissue or percentage isolation of F. graminearum or other Fusarium spp. consistently. We conclude that while currently registered seed treatments might be effective in improving seedling emergence in some infected wheat seed lots, they do not prevent the growth of F. graminearum from seeds to plant tissue. For the western prairies, the use of fungicide seed treatments as a strategy in the prevention of spread of FHB would require that they be effective primarily against F. graminearum. Performance of fungicide seed treatments against Fusarium-infected wheat seed should also be determined under typical growing conditions across the western prairies.Key words: Seed treatments, fungicides, wheat, root rot, crown rot, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium avenaceum

Biomass production of weeds on the winter wheat stubble in long-term fertilization field experiment

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Lehoczky ◽  
András Kismányoky ◽  
Tamás Kismányoky
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Wheat Stubble

he effect of winter wheat seed treatment the growth regulator of Metallocene brands: Melafen-Na, Melafen-Na+B, Melafen-Na+Mo on production processes, productivity and grain quality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya.K. Tosunov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Production Processes

The results of studies on the testing of three brands of Metallocene showed that Melafen-Na+Mo was the most effective, the treatment of seeds with it provided a higher productive stem, the formation of larger in size, water content and grain weight, ears, increased yield and grain quality.

scholarly journals Microorganisms colonising the rhizosphere of winter wheat protected with Impact Super 347 SC fungicide and Bion 50 WG plant resistance stimulator

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 442-445
Author(s):  
U. Wachowska ◽  
B. Majchrzak
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Plant Protection

In a field experiment, the effect of plant protection agents on fungal colonies colonising the rhizoplane and the rhizosphere of Elena winter wheat was determined. Impact super 347 SC (flutriafol and chlorotalonil) limited the number of fungi representing Trichoderma, promoted the growth of both fungi from the Fusarium gene and bacteria of Pseudomonas in addition to tricalcium phosphate hydrolysing bacteria. The plant resistance stimulator Bion 50 WG (acybenzolar-s-methyl) strongly reduced the population of Actinomycetales. Bacteria representing Azotobacter did not respond to the applied agents.

STUDIES ON THE CONTROL OF ROOT-ROT DISEASES OF CEREALS: IV. INFLUENCE OF MECHANICAL SEED INJURY ON INFECTION BY FUSARIUM CULMORUM IN WHEAT

1936 ◽  
Vol 14c (12) ◽  
pp. 438-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Machacek ◽  
F. J. Greaney
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Fusarium Root Rot ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Made In ◽  
Experimentally Induced

The results of field experiments made in 1932, 1933, and 1934, to determine the effect of mechanical seed injury on the incidence of root rot caused by Fusarium culmorum and on yield in wheat are presented.Successful positive attacks of Fusarium root rot were experimentally induced in field plots. The tests showed that reduced emergence, increased root rot, and reduced yield uniformly followed the planting of injured wheat seed; and that the amount of disease increased and the yield decreased with an increase in the degree of seed injury. In these experiments Mindum and Marquis wheat seemed equally affected by seed injury.The investigation suggests that the large annual losses in yield caused by root-rot diseases of cereals in Western Canada may be substantially reduced by sowing clean, vigorous, sound seed.

scholarly journals Identification and Specific Detection of a Novel Pseudomonadaceae Cluster Associated with Soils from Winter Wheat Plots of a Long-Term Agricultural Field Experiment

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Pesaro ◽  
Franco Widmer
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Target Range ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Soil Dna ◽  
Genetic Profiling ◽  
Microbial Groups

ABSTRACT The genus Pseudomonas (sensu stricto) represents a group of microorganisms directly involved in functions conferring plant health. We performed a study in the DOK long-term agricultural field experiment on the basis of previously published Pseudomonas-selective PCR primers in order to investigate the community structure of the microbial groups defined by the target range of these primers. Three different agricultural management systems, i.e., conventional, biodynamic, and bio-organic, along with mineral and unfertilized controls were investigated, with each system planted with either winter wheat or a grass-clover ley. Amplified small-subunit rRNA gene fragments were analyzed using the genetic profiling techniques restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), revealing distinct differences between soils planted with winter wheat and grass clover but only minor differences between the management systems. Phylogenetic analyses of 59 clone sequences retrieved from bio-organic and unfertilized systems identified sequences related to Pseudomonas fluorescens and a novel cluster termed Cellvibrio-related Pseudomonadaceae (CRP). The CRP clones were exclusively isolated from winter wheat soil samples and were responsible for the crop-specific differences observed in RFLP and DGGE profiles. New primers were designed for the amplification of CRP targets directly from soil DNA, yielding strong signals exclusively for winter wheat soils. We concluded that crop-associated CRP exist in agricultural soils and that genetic profiling followed by specific probe design represents a valuable approach for identification as well as sensitive and rapid monitoring of novel microbial groups in the environment.

Responses of summer cereal aphid populations to reduced rate aphicide applications in field plots of winter wheat

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Oakley ◽  
S. A. Ellis ◽  
M. Watling ◽  
K. F. A. Walters ◽  
J. E. B. Young
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Aphid Populations

Stabilizing selection in Puccinia graminis tritici in Canada

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (19) ◽  
pp. 2204-2214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mishael Oichoe Osoro ◽  
G. J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Competitive Abilities ◽  
Field Plots

Experiments were designed to show whether or not virulence genes reduce fitness and bring about stabilizing selection. The competitive abilities of seven related races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici were studied on seedlings of three to five susceptible wheat varieties by growing mixtures of the races in greenhouses, growth cabinets, and field plots. In experiments in which simple races with few virulence genes were mixed with complex races with one, two, or three extra virulence genes, the complex races predominated after 4 to 10 generations in five of the six mixtures, and the simple race predominated in one mixture. A complex race predominated over simple races in the field experiment. It was concluded that virulence genes did not impair the fitness of the wheat stem rust races studied.In one race mixture studied in growth cabinets the complex race predominated at 25 °C, and the simple race, at 15 °C. Temperature did not differentially influence the competitive abilities of the races in three other mixtures.Incubation periods for all races were shorter at higher temperatures, but races C18(15B-1L) and C33(15B-1L) developed faster than races C9(15B-1L), C37(15), C38(15B-1L), C42(15), and C49(15) at all temperatures. In addition, races C18(15B-1L) and C33(15B-1L) produced more urediospores per pustule than races C9(15B-1L), C37(15), and C49(15). The differences in incubation period and spore production are considered to be the most important factors studied and they could cause the differences in aggressiveness of the seven races.

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