scholarly journals Stachybotriaceae on Cucurbits Demystified: Genetic Diversity and Pathogenicity of Ink Spot Pathogens

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 2242-2251
Author(s):  
Gabriel Rennberger ◽  
Anthony P. Keinath
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common

Recently, the incidence of Myrothecium leaf spot, a foliar disease of watermelon, has increased in South Carolina. However, the identity of the fungal species responsible for outbreaks of this disease has not been determined. Sequence data from four partial gene regions were used to conduct Bayesian inference in order to identify 95 isolates of Stachybotriaceae. Isolates were collected in South Carolina between July 2015 and May 2018. In total, six species of Stachybotriaceae were identified on watermelon and two other cucurbits: Albifimbria verrucaria, Gregatothecium humicola, Paramyrothecium foliicola, P. humicola, Xenomyrothecium tongaense, and Xepicula leucotricha. Two species, G. humicola and P. foliicola, were the predominant species found. Within these two species, genetic differences within small spatial scales were detected. Five species (all except Xenomyrothecium tongaense) were tested in experiments to determine their pathogenicity and relative virulence on three hosts grown in rotation in South Carolina. Southern pea plants were less susceptible than watermelon and tomato plants, which were equally susceptible. This constitutes the first reliable report of pathogenicity of any of the five tested species of Stachybotriaceae on these three vegetable crops. Another important finding was that none of the isolates were identified as P. roridum, the species considered to be the only causal agent of Myrothecium leaf spot on cucurbits. We propose the common name “ink spot” for the foliar phase of diseases caused by genera within the family Stachybotriaceae. This name is descriptive and likely to be accepted by growers. To prevent further loss incurred by ink spot, watermelon and tomato crops should be monitored for this disease.

Floral organogenesis in Dysosma versipellis (Berberidaceae) and its systematic implications

Botany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Zhao ◽  
Julien B. Bachelier ◽  
Xiao-hui Zhang ◽  
Yi Ren
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Floral Organogenesis ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Sister Clade ◽  
Dysosma Versipellis ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common ◽  
Flower Ontogeny ◽  
Developmental Features

The Berberidaceae and the six other families of Ranunculales form a sister clade to all other eudicots, and are crucial to reconstructing the common ancestor of flowering plants. Previous studies have suggested that the petals of most Berberidaceae are derived from stamens, and some are thought to develop petals from common petal/stamen primordia. However, the flower ontogeny is still poorly known in the family and the presence of common primordia needs to be re-evaluated from a comparative developmental perspective. Here, we used scanning electron microscopy to study the floral development of the endemic Chinese species Dysosma versipellis (Hance) M. Cheng ex Ying, which was originally placed in Podophyllum. Our results show that the floral organs are all free and the sepals, petals, and stamens are initiated centripetally in successive and alternate trimerous pairs of whorls around a single carpel. The nectarless petals are initiated separately and do not develop from common primordia with the stamens. Floral and developmental features of D. versipellis are similar to those of most members of Berberidaceae. The regular development of multiple flowers and absence of a secondary increase in the number of stamens in Dysosma support its exclusion from Podophyllum, and this is also inferred by the DNA sequence data.

scholarly journals Discovery of Novel Backusella (Backusellaceae, Mucorales) Isolated from Invertebrates and Toads in Cheongyang, Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Thuong T.T. Nguyen ◽  
Kerstin Voigt ◽  
André Luiz Cabral Monteiro de Azevedo Santiago ◽  
Paul M. Kirk ◽  
Hyang-Burm Lee
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Lsu Rdna ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
The Family ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences

Three novel fungal species, Backusella chlamydospora sp. nov., B. koreana sp. nov., and B. thermophila sp. nov., as well as two new records, B. oblongielliptica and B. oblongispora, were found in Cheongyang, Korea, during an investigation of fungal species from invertebrates and toads. All species are described here using morphological characters and sequence data from internal transcribed spacer sequences of ribosomal DNA and large subunit of the ribosomal DNA. Backusella chlamydospora is different from other Backusella species by producing chlamydospores. Backusella koreana can be distinguished from other Backusella species by producing abundant yeast-like cells. Backusella thermophila is characterized by a variable (subglobose to oblong, applanate to oval, conical and ellipsoidal to pyriform) columellae and grows well at 37 °C. Multigene phylogenetic analyses of the combined ITS and LSU rDNA sequences data generated from maximum likelihood and MrBayes analyses indicate that B. chlamydospora, B. koreana, and B. thermophila form distinct lineages in the family Backusellaceae. Detailed descriptions, illustrations, phylogenetic tree, and taxonomic key to the Backusella species present in Korea are provided.

scholarly journals ​Isolation and Identification of Different Fungal Species from Major Kharif Vegetables of Sindh Province, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pahnwar ◽  
M.I. Khaskheli ◽  
A.J. Khaskheli ◽  
K.H. Wagan ◽  
G.M. Thebho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Infection Frequency ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Chilli Fruit

Background: Altenaria species are posing major threat to vegetable crops nowadays, thus it is of utmost importance to identify its different species, so that potential control measures may be explored. Methods: The isolation and identification of different fungi was conducted from major Kharif vegetables, tomato, chilli and eggplant. Samples showing typical symptoms of fruit rot and leaf spot were collected from fields and then pathogens were isolated and identified at laboratory using standard procedures. Result: The total of 07 fungal species, Alternaria alternata, A. solani, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Pencillium sp. and Rhizopus stolonifer isolated from tomato fruit rot. Similarly, 07 fungi viz; A. alternata, A. tenuissima, A. flavus, A. niger, Colletotrichum capisi, Penicillium sp. and R. stolonifer from chilli fruit rot and 06 fungi viz; A. alternata, A. flavus, A. niger, F. solani, Penicillium sp. and R. stolonifer from eggplant leaf spots were isolated. Significantly highest infection frequency was recorded for A. solani (48.83%) and A. tenuissima (44%) from tomato and chilli fruit rot, respectively. From eggplant leaf spot it was significantly highest for A. alternata (34.5%). Study concludes that 03 species, A. solani, A. tenuissima and A. alternata, dominantly damaged tomato, chilli fruits and eggplant leaves.

Larvae of the blow fly Caiusa testacea (Diptera: Calliphoridae) as egg predators of Polypedates cruciger Blyth, 1852 (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 17374-17379
Author(s):  
W.G.D. Chathuranga ◽  
K. Kariyawasam ◽  
Anslem De Silva ◽  
W.A.Priyanka P. De Silva
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Blow Fly ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
The Family ◽  
Water Container ◽  
The Common ◽  
Natural Breeding ◽  
The Impact

We investigated the impact of dipteran predators on eggs in foam nests of the Common Hour-glass Tree Frog Polypedates cruciger Blyth, 1852 (Anura: Rhacophoridae) in central Sri Lanka.  Foam nests (n=24) of P. cruciger were examined at their natural breeding habitats and infected (n=8) and uninfected spawns (n=16) were identified.  Emerging tadpoles were collected in a water container hung under each spawn and the average number of tadpoles (N) hatched from infected spawns (N=0) was compared with that of uninfected spawns (N=354 ± 67).  Three severely infected spawns were brought to the laboratory and the fly larvae were reared until they metamorphosed to adults.  Morphological and molecular identification of the flies confirmed them as belonging to Caiusa testacea Senior-White, 1923 of the family Calliphoridae.  The infected spawns were completely destroyed and an estimated average of 400 P. cruciger eggs per spawn were lost.  The results revealed a high impact of Caiusa testacea on egg and embryo mortality of P. cruciger.

The status of Myriangiaceae (Dothideomycetes)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 176 (1) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
ASHA J. DISSANAYAKE ◽  
RUVISHIKA S. JAYAWARDENA ◽  
SARANYAPHAT BOONMEE ◽  
KASUN M. THAMBUGALA ◽  
QING TIAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sexual State ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Asexual State ◽  
Molecular Characters

The family Myriangiaceae is relatively poorly known amongst the Dothideomycetes and includes genera which are saprobic, epiphytic and parasitic on the bark, leaves and branches of various plants. The family has not undergone any recent revision, however, molecular data has shown it to be a well-resolved family closely linked to Elsinoaceae in Myriangiales. Both morphological and molecular characters indicate that Elsinoaceae differs from Myriangiaceae. In Elsinoaceae, small numbers of asci form in locules in light coloured pseudostromata, which form typical scab-like blemishes on leaf or fruit surfaces. The coelomycetous, “Sphaceloma”-like asexual state of Elsinoaceae, form more frequently than the sexual state; conidiogenesis is phialidic and conidia are 1-celled and hyaline. In Myriangiaceae, locules with single asci are scattered in a superficial, coriaceous to sub-carbonaceous, black ascostromata and do not form scab-like blemishes. No asexual state is known. In this study, we revisit the family Myriangiaceae, and accept ten genera, providing descriptions and discussion on the generic types of Anhellia, Ascostratum, Butleria, Dictyocyclus, Diplotheca, Eurytheca, Hemimyriangium, Micularia, Myriangium and Zukaliopsis. The genera of Myriangiaceae are compared and contrasted. Myriangium duriaei is the type species of the family, while Diplotheca is similar and may possibly be congeneric. The placement of Anhellia in Myriangiaceae is supported by morphological and molecular data. Because of similarities with Myriangium, Ascostratum (A. insigne), Butleria (B. inaghatahani), Dictyocyclus (D. hydrangea), Eurytheca (E. trinitensis), Hemimyriangium (H. betulae), Micularia (M. merremiae) and Zukaliopsis (Z. amazonica) are placed in Myriangiaceae. Molecular sequence data from fresh collections is required to confirm the relationships and placement of the genera in this family.

scholarly journals Sequence data from isolated lichen-associated melanized fungi enhance delimitation of two new lineages within Chaetothyriomycetidae

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 911-927
Author(s):  
Lucia Muggia ◽  
Yu Quan ◽  
Cécile Gueidan ◽  
Abdullah M. S. Al-Hatmi ◽  
Martin Grube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Asexual Propagation ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rock Inhabiting Fungi ◽  
Stable Habitat

AbstractLichen thalli provide a long-lived and stable habitat for colonization by a wide range of microorganisms. Increased interest in these lichen-associated microbial communities has revealed an impressive diversity of fungi, including several novel lineages which still await formal taxonomic recognition. Among these, members of the Eurotiomycetes and Dothideomycetes usually occur asymptomatically in the lichen thalli, even if they share ancestry with fungi that may be parasitic on their host. Mycelia of the isolates are characterized by melanized cell walls and the fungi display exclusively asexual propagation. Their taxonomic placement requires, therefore, the use of DNA sequence data. Here, we consider recently published sequence data from lichen-associated fungi and characterize and formally describe two new, individually monophyletic lineages at family, genus, and species levels. The Pleostigmataceae fam. nov. and Melanina gen. nov. both comprise rock-inhabiting fungi that associate with epilithic, crust-forming lichens in subalpine habitats. The phylogenetic placement and the monophyly of Pleostigmataceae lack statistical support, but the family was resolved as sister to the order Verrucariales. This family comprises the species Pleostigma alpinum sp. nov., P. frigidum sp. nov., P. jungermannicola, and P. lichenophilum sp. nov. The placement of the genus Melanina is supported as a lineage within the Chaetothyriales. To date, this genus comprises the single species M. gunde-cimermaniae sp. nov. and forms a sister group to a large lineage including Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriaceae, Cyphellophoraceae, and Trichomeriaceae. The new phylogenetic analysis of the subclass Chaetothyiomycetidae provides new insight into genus and family level delimitation and classification of this ecologically diverse group of fungi.

Inheritance and development of molecular markers linked to angular leaf spot resistance genes in the common bean accession G10909

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
George S. Mahuku ◽  
María Antonia Henríquez ◽  
Carmenza Montoya ◽  
Carlos Jara ◽  
Henry Teran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Angular Leaf Spot ◽  
The Common

scholarly journals Molecular Phylogenetic Diversity and Biological Characterization of Diaporthe Species Associated with Leaf Spots of Camellia sinensis in Taiwan

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1434
Author(s):  
Hiran A. Ariyawansa ◽  
Ichen Tsai ◽  
Jian-Yuan Wang ◽  
Patchareeya Withee ◽  
Medsaii Tanjira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Phenotypic Characters ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Camellia sinensis is one of the major crops grown in Taiwan and has been widely cultivated around the island. Tea leaves are prone to various fungal infections, and leaf spot is considered one of the major diseases in Taiwan tea fields. As part of a survey on fungal species causing leaf spots on tea leaves in Taiwan, 19 fungal strains morphologically similar to the genus Diaporthe were collected. ITS (internal transcribed spacer), tef1-α (translation elongation factor 1-α), tub2 (beta-tubulin), and cal (calmodulin) gene regions were used to construct phylogenetic trees and determine the evolutionary relationships among the collected strains. In total, six Diaporthe species, including one new species, Diaporthe hsinchuensis, were identified as linked with leaf spot of C. sinensis in Taiwan based on both phenotypic characters and phylogeny. These species were further characterized in terms of their pathogenicity, temperature, and pH requirements under laboratory conditions. Diaporthe tulliensis, D. passiflorae, and D. perseae were isolated from C. sinensis for the first time. Furthermore, pathogenicity tests revealed that, with wound inoculation, only D. hongkongensis was pathogenic on tea leaves. This investigation delivers the first assessment of Diaporthe taxa related to leaf spots on tea in Taiwan.

scholarly journals Hyperbolastic Models from a Stochastic Differential Equation Point of View

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 1835
Author(s):  
Antonio Barrera ◽  
Patricia Román-Román ◽  
Francisco Torres-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Numerical Resolution ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common ◽  
Linear Differential ◽  
Mean Function

A joint and unified vision of stochastic diffusion models associated with the family of hyperbolastic curves is presented. The motivation behind this approach stems from the fact that all hyperbolastic curves verify a linear differential equation of the Malthusian type. By virtue of this, and by adding a multiplicative noise to said ordinary differential equation, a diffusion process may be associated with each curve whose mean function is said curve. The inference in the resulting processes is presented jointly, as well as the strategies developed to obtain the initial solutions necessary for the numerical resolution of the system of equations resulting from the application of the maximum likelihood method. The common perspective presented is especially useful for the implementation of the necessary procedures for fitting the models to real data. Some examples based on simulated data support the suitability of the development described in the present paper.

scholarly journals Maculansins, Cryptic Phytotoxins from Blackleg Fungi

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100600
Author(s):  
M. Soledade C. Pedras ◽  
Paulos B. Chumala
Keyword(s):  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
The Common

The phytotoxins and other metabolites produced by isolates L2/M2 of the fungal species Leptosphaeria maculans under different culture conditions, together with those of two new, but related isolates are disclosed. The common metabolic characteristics suggest a phylogenetic similarity between these isolates with potential to become widespread in mustard growing areas.

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