Floral organogenesis in Dysosma versipellis (Berberidaceae) and its systematic implications

Botany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Zhao ◽  
Julien B. Bachelier ◽  
Xiao-hui Zhang ◽  
Yi Ren
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Floral Organogenesis ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Sister Clade ◽  
Dysosma Versipellis ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common ◽  
Flower Ontogeny ◽  
Developmental Features

The Berberidaceae and the six other families of Ranunculales form a sister clade to all other eudicots, and are crucial to reconstructing the common ancestor of flowering plants. Previous studies have suggested that the petals of most Berberidaceae are derived from stamens, and some are thought to develop petals from common petal/stamen primordia. However, the flower ontogeny is still poorly known in the family and the presence of common primordia needs to be re-evaluated from a comparative developmental perspective. Here, we used scanning electron microscopy to study the floral development of the endemic Chinese species Dysosma versipellis (Hance) M. Cheng ex Ying, which was originally placed in Podophyllum. Our results show that the floral organs are all free and the sepals, petals, and stamens are initiated centripetally in successive and alternate trimerous pairs of whorls around a single carpel. The nectarless petals are initiated separately and do not develop from common primordia with the stamens. Floral and developmental features of D. versipellis are similar to those of most members of Berberidaceae. The regular development of multiple flowers and absence of a secondary increase in the number of stamens in Dysosma support its exclusion from Podophyllum, and this is also inferred by the DNA sequence data.

scholarly journals Sequence data from isolated lichen-associated melanized fungi enhance delimitation of two new lineages within Chaetothyriomycetidae

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 911-927
Author(s):  
Lucia Muggia ◽  
Yu Quan ◽  
Cécile Gueidan ◽  
Abdullah M. S. Al-Hatmi ◽  
Martin Grube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Asexual Propagation ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rock Inhabiting Fungi ◽  
Stable Habitat

AbstractLichen thalli provide a long-lived and stable habitat for colonization by a wide range of microorganisms. Increased interest in these lichen-associated microbial communities has revealed an impressive diversity of fungi, including several novel lineages which still await formal taxonomic recognition. Among these, members of the Eurotiomycetes and Dothideomycetes usually occur asymptomatically in the lichen thalli, even if they share ancestry with fungi that may be parasitic on their host. Mycelia of the isolates are characterized by melanized cell walls and the fungi display exclusively asexual propagation. Their taxonomic placement requires, therefore, the use of DNA sequence data. Here, we consider recently published sequence data from lichen-associated fungi and characterize and formally describe two new, individually monophyletic lineages at family, genus, and species levels. The Pleostigmataceae fam. nov. and Melanina gen. nov. both comprise rock-inhabiting fungi that associate with epilithic, crust-forming lichens in subalpine habitats. The phylogenetic placement and the monophyly of Pleostigmataceae lack statistical support, but the family was resolved as sister to the order Verrucariales. This family comprises the species Pleostigma alpinum sp. nov., P. frigidum sp. nov., P. jungermannicola, and P. lichenophilum sp. nov. The placement of the genus Melanina is supported as a lineage within the Chaetothyriales. To date, this genus comprises the single species M. gunde-cimermaniae sp. nov. and forms a sister group to a large lineage including Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriaceae, Cyphellophoraceae, and Trichomeriaceae. The new phylogenetic analysis of the subclass Chaetothyiomycetidae provides new insight into genus and family level delimitation and classification of this ecologically diverse group of fungi.

scholarly journals Characterization and Pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae Species Collected from Olive and Other Hosts in Spain and California

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 1340-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Moral ◽  
Concepción Muñoz-Díez ◽  
Nazaret González ◽  
Antonio Trapero ◽  
Themis J. Michailides
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Olive Fly ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Olive Trees

Species in the family Botryosphaeriaceae are common pathogens causing fruit rot and dieback of many woody plants. In this study, 150 Botryosphaeriaceae isolates were collected from olive and other hosts in Spain and California. Representative isolates of each type were characterized based on morphological features and comparisons of DNA sequence data of three regions: internal transcribed spacer 5.8S, β-tubulin, and elongation factor. Three main species were identified as Neofusicoccum mediterraneum, causing dieback of branches of olive and pistachio; Diplodia seriata, causing decay of ripe fruit and dieback of olive branches; and Botryosphaeria dothidea, causing dalmatian disease on unripe olive fruit in Spain. Moreover, the sexual stage of this last species was also found attacking olive branches in California. In pathogenicity tests using unripe fruit and branches of olive, D. seriata isolates were the least aggressive on the fruit and branches while N. mediterraneum isolates were the most aggressive on both tissues. Isolates of B. dothidea which cause dalmatian disease on fruit were not pathogenic on branches and only weakly aggressive on fruit. These results, together with the close association between the presence of dalmatian disease symptoms and the wound created by the olive fly (Bactrocera oleae), suggest that the fly is essential for the initiation of the disease on fruit. Isolates recovered from dalmatian disease symptoms had an optimum of 26°C for mycelial growth and 30°C for conidial germination, suggesting that the pathogen is well adapted to high summer temperatures. In contrast, the range of water activity in the medium for growth of dalmatian isolates was 0.93 to 1 MPa, which was similar to that for the majority of fungi. This study resolved long-standing questions of identity and pathogenicity of species within the family Botryosphaeriaceae attacking olive trees in Spain and California.

The generic classification of the Trochilini (Aves: Trochilidae): Reconciling taxonomy with phylogeny

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4353 (3) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. GARY STILES ◽  
J. V. JR. REMSEN ◽  
JIMMY A. MCGUIRE
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
The Family ◽  
Traditional Classification

The generic nomenclature of the hummingbirds is unusually complicated. McGuire et al.’s (2014) recent phylogeny of the Trochilidae based on DNA sequence data has greatly clarified relationships within the family but conflicts strongly with the traditional classification of the family at the genus level, especially that of the largest and most recently derived clade, the Trochilini or “emeralds”. We recently presented a historical review of this classification and the generic modifications required by the Code of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Herein we present a revised generic classification of the Trochilini based upon McGuire et al.’s genetic data, while producing diagnosable generic groupings and preserving nomenclatural stability insofar as possible. However, this generic rearrangement has necessitated the resurrection of nine generic names currently considered synonyms, the synonymization of seven currently recognized genera and the creation of one new genus. The generic changes we recommend to the classification are drastic, and we summarize these in tabular form in comparison with the three most recent classifications of the Trochilini. Where appropriate, we outline alternatives to our proposed arrangement. The classification treats 110 species in 35 genera, including two species that remain unplaced for lack of genetic samples. 

scholarly journals Stachybotriaceae on Cucurbits Demystified: Genetic Diversity and Pathogenicity of Ink Spot Pathogens

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 2242-2251
Author(s):  
Gabriel Rennberger ◽  
Anthony P. Keinath
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common

Recently, the incidence of Myrothecium leaf spot, a foliar disease of watermelon, has increased in South Carolina. However, the identity of the fungal species responsible for outbreaks of this disease has not been determined. Sequence data from four partial gene regions were used to conduct Bayesian inference in order to identify 95 isolates of Stachybotriaceae. Isolates were collected in South Carolina between July 2015 and May 2018. In total, six species of Stachybotriaceae were identified on watermelon and two other cucurbits: Albifimbria verrucaria, Gregatothecium humicola, Paramyrothecium foliicola, P. humicola, Xenomyrothecium tongaense, and Xepicula leucotricha. Two species, G. humicola and P. foliicola, were the predominant species found. Within these two species, genetic differences within small spatial scales were detected. Five species (all except Xenomyrothecium tongaense) were tested in experiments to determine their pathogenicity and relative virulence on three hosts grown in rotation in South Carolina. Southern pea plants were less susceptible than watermelon and tomato plants, which were equally susceptible. This constitutes the first reliable report of pathogenicity of any of the five tested species of Stachybotriaceae on these three vegetable crops. Another important finding was that none of the isolates were identified as P. roridum, the species considered to be the only causal agent of Myrothecium leaf spot on cucurbits. We propose the common name “ink spot” for the foliar phase of diseases caused by genera within the family Stachybotriaceae. This name is descriptive and likely to be accepted by growers. To prevent further loss incurred by ink spot, watermelon and tomato crops should be monitored for this disease.

Perssoniella and the genera of Schistochilaceae: a new classification based on molecular phylogenies

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolan He ◽  
David Glenny
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenies

The monotypic genus Perssoniella with P. vitreocincta Herzog, endemic to New Caledonia, possesses a series of unique morphological characters and it has been assumed that the genus, assigned to the family Perssoniellaceae and suborder Perssoniellineae, is very isolated but sister to the family Schistochilaceae. The systematic identity of Perssoniella vitreocincta was studied using DNA sequence data for the chloroplast rbcL, rps4 and trnL-F regions. Our analyses placed Perssoniella vitreocincta within the family Schistochilaceae, and within Schistochila itself, with strong support. It suggests that retaining Perssoniella as an independent genus is untenable and we transfer it to the genus Schistochila. Our results indicate that Perssoniella vitreocincta is not an archaic species, as presupposed earlier. The differentiating characters in Perssoniella are mostly probably later derived, rather than ancestral. Our analyses also placed Pachyschistochila and Paraschistochila within Schistochila, again with strong support. We also transfer these two genera to Schistochila.

scholarly journals An Interpolation Family in the Poetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-190
Author(s):  
Michael M. Pozdnev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common

The ms. tradition of the Poetics is a mine, quite unexpectedly, when it comes to composition on literary matters: four independent witnesses — Parisinus 1741 (A), Riccardianus 46 (B), and mediaeval translations into Latin by William of Moerbecke and Arabic by Abū-Bishr Mattā made with the help of a Syriac interlinear (not to mention the recentiores which still could prove of some stemmatic value, as for instance Par. gr. 2038, Vat. gr. 1400, Berol. Philipp. and Mon. 493) — allow in most cases for a safe reconstruction of an archetype. Common errors suggest that this text differed from the autograph in some twenty passages, largely interpolations, ranging from a couple of words to a number of phrases. Several intrusions prove to be typologically close. All of them correct what was deemed to be inaccurate or loose argumentation by inserting syntactic complements or references adding cohesion. As a result, both the style and context go largely neglected. The first paragraphs of ch. 6, central to the Poetics, suffered most. This text also came down to us in a Syriac translation having a heavily glossed uncial ms. as its source. Insertions in ch. 6 cause ‘harmonising’ additions to the following text of the treatise. The ‘family of interpolations’ under discussion is tentatively attributed to a professor of Aristotelianism of late antiquity (the most suitable candidate seems to be Themistius): a school-room copy diffused by his pupils became the common ancestor of both the extant Greek mss. of the Poetics and the reconstructed Greek sources of the mediaeval translations. A fresh collation of the Syriac text together with the evidence of variae lectiones in the oldest independent Greek mss. offer a glimpse into the workings of his mind.

Floral ontogeny in Wisteria sinensis (Fabaceae: Faboideae: Millettieae) and its systematic implications

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Naghiloo ◽  
Mohammad Reza Dadpour
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Side ◽  
Late Development ◽  
Floral Ontogeny ◽  
Floral Organogenesis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Wisteria Sinensis ◽  
Perennial Legume ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Developmental Features ◽  
Temporal Overlap

Floral organogenesis and development of the bushy perennial legume Wisteria sinensis (Millettieae, Fabaceae) were studied by epi-illumination light-microscopy techniques. Zygomorphic flowers of W. sinensis were arranged in alternating pentamerous whorls. The order of organogenesis in each whorl was unidirectional, except for the outer antesepalous stamens, which were initiated bidirectionally, starting on the lateral side. Unusual developmental features for the family included the formation of common primordia, comprised of the petal and the corresponding abaxial antepetalous stamen and the temporal overlap of corolla, androecium and carpel organ initiation. Unusual features during late development included formation of nectar windows and a wet stigma. The floral ontogeny of W. sinensis was more similar to that of other genera from the inverted-repeat-lacking clade (IRLC) than to the floral ontogeny of other Millettieae that have been investigated.

scholarly journals On the monophyly of subfamily Tectarioideae (Polypodiaceae) and the phylogenetic placement of some associated fern genera 

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
FA-GUO WANG ◽  
SAM BARRATT ◽  
WILFREDO FALCÓN ◽  
MICHAEL F. FAY ◽  
SAMULI LEHTONEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Caledonia ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
First Time

The fern genus Tectaria has generally been placed in the family Tectariaceae or in subfamily Tectarioideae (placed in Dennstaedtiaceae, Dryopteridaceae or Polypodiaceae), both of which have been variously circumscribed in the past. Here we study for the first time the phylogenetic relationships of the associated genera Hypoderris (endemic to the Caribbean), Cionidium (endemic to New Caledonia) and Pseudotectaria (endemic to Madagascar and Comoros) using DNA sequence data. Based on a broad sampling of 72 species of eupolypods I (= Polypodiaceae sensu lato) and three plastid DNA regions (atpA, rbcL and the trnL-F intergenic spacer) we were able to place the three previously unsampled genera. Our results show that Cionidium, like Ctenitopsis, Fadyenia, Hemigramma and Quercifilix, is embedded in Tectaria, and the monophyly of Tectaria is therefore corroborated only if these segregate genera are included. Hypoderris is sister to Tectaria brauniana and together they are sister to Triplophyllum, which was found to be monophyletic. Despite their morphological similarity with Tectaria, the genera Pleocnemia and Pseudotectaria were placed in Dryopteridoideae. Polypodiaceae subfamily Tectarioideae (former family Tectariaceae) is hereby defined to include Arthropteris, Hypoderris, Pteridrys, Tectaria and Triplophyllum. Aenigmopteris may also belong here, but this genus remains unsampled.

Marinophialophora garethjonesii gen. et sp. nov.: a new hyphomycete associated with Halocyphina from marine habitats in Thailand

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 345 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUNFU LI ◽  
RAJESH JEEWON ◽  
RUNGTIWA PHOOKAMSAK ◽  
DARBHE J. BHAT ◽  
AUSANA MAPOOK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
The Family ◽  
Statistical Support ◽  
Branched Chains ◽  
Mangrove Wood ◽  
High Statistical Support ◽  
Basidiomycete Fungus

Marinophialophora garethjonesii sp. nov., representing a novel genus Marinophialophora gen. nov., associated with the basidiomycete fungus, Halocyphina on mangrove wood from Phetchaburi, Thailand, is described and illustrated. Marinophialophora morphologically resembles Phialophora and Junctospora (Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriales) in having macronematous, unbranched or branched conidiophores, globose to subglobose, solitary, acrogenous, pale to subhyaline, aseptate, conidia in chains and phialidic conidiogenous cells. Marinophialophora mainly differs from other related genera due to its conidia borne in basipetally developing branched chains and septate conidiophores. Phylogenetic analyses of a combined ITS, LSU and SSU sequence data show that Marinophialophora garethjonesii constitutes an independent lineage with high statistical support basal to the genus Exophiala within the family Herpotrichiellaceae (Chaetothyriales). The new marine taxon is described herein with illustrations and relationships inferred from DNA sequence data.

scholarly journals Floral organogenesis in Urophysa rockii, a rediscovered endangered and rare species of Ranunculaceae

Botany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Zhao ◽  
Jing-zhi Gong ◽  
Xiao-hui Zhang ◽  
You-quan Liu ◽  
Xiao Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Floral Organogenesis ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Mature Ovule ◽  
Floral Phyllotaxis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Early Developmental

Urophysa is an Asian endemic genus in the Ranunculaceae, but data on floral organogenesis, which would be a useful complement to molecular data in clarifying the relationship with closely related taxa (Aquilegia and Semiaquilegia) in Ranunculaceae, are completely lacking. We used scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy to study the floral development of Urophysa rockii Ulbrich, a recently rediscovered species in this genus. The sepals are initiated spirally, whereas other organs are nonsimultaneously whorled; the floral phyllotaxis is whorled. Primordia of the sepals are lunular and truncate, but those of the petals and stamens are hemispherical and rounded. After sepal initiation, there is a delay in development, but the initiation of petals and stamens is continuous. The developmental sequence of the microspores in the stamens is centrifugal, although the stamens are initiated centripetally. The early developmental stages of the staminodes are similar to those of the stamens, although much smaller, so they may be phylogenetically homologous organs. The carpel primordia are lunular in shape and plicate. The mature ovule is anatropous and bitegmic. Urophysa shows similar floral development features as Aquilegia and Semiaquilegia, although with some differences, which supports the relationship inferred by DNA sequence data.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document