scholarly journals Differential Pathogenicity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli and X. fuscans subsp. fuscans Strains on Bean Genotypes with Common Blight Resistance

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mutlu ◽  
A. K. Vidaver ◽  
D. P. Coyne ◽  
J. R. Steadman ◽  
P. A. Lambrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
South American ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Germplasm Screening ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Pathogenic Variation ◽  
The Common

Both the common bacterial blight (CBB) pathogen (Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli) and X. fuscans subsp. fuscans, agent of fuscous blight, cause indistinguishable symptoms in common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris. Yield losses can exceed 40%. Lack of information about the specificity between X. campestris pv. phaseoli strains and major quantitative trait loci (QTL) or alleles conferring resistance makes the task of identifying genetic changes in host–pathogen interactions and the grouping of bacterial strains difficult. This, in turn, affects the choice of pathogen isolates used for germplasm screening and complicates breeding for CBB resistance. Common bean host genotypes carrying various sources and levels of resistance to CBB were screened with 69 X. campestris pv. phaseoli and 15 X. fuscans subsp. fuscans strains from around the world. Differential pathogenicity of the CBB pathogen was identified on the 12 selected bean genotypes. The X. fuscans subsp. fuscans strains showed greater pathogenicity than X. campestris pv. phaseoli strains having the same origin. African strains were most pathogenic. The largest variation in pathogenicity came from X. campestris pv. phaseoli strains that originated in Caribbean and South American countries. Pathogenic variation was greater within X. campestris pv. phaseoli than within X. fuscans subsp. fuscans strains. Implications for breeding for CBB resistance are discussed.

scholarly journals 474 PB 370 EFFECT OF PRIOR INOCULATION OF LEAVES OF DRY BEANS WITH THE COMMON BLIGHT PATHOGEN ON THE DISEASE REACTION OF SUBSEQUENTLY INOCULATED LEAVES AND PODS AND TEE REACTION OF DETACHED VERSUS ATTACHED PODS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 499c-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Ariyarathne ◽  
D. P. Coyne ◽  
Anne K. Vidaver ◽  
K. M. Eskridge
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Disease Reaction ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Similar Disease ◽  
The Common ◽  
Blight Disease

Breeding for resistance is a major method to control the common bacterial blight disease caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv phaseoli (Xcp) in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). It is necessary to determine if prior inoculation of the first trifoliolate leaf with Xcp will influence the subsequent reaction in other plant parts through induced resistance. It is difficult to get an accurate estimate of heritability (H) of disease reaction in pods since environment (E) greatly affects the H estimate if flowering occurs over extended time periods. Thus the disease reaction in attached pods vs detached pods was also observed. Four common bean lines were used in a split plot design with two replications. Two bacterial strains were used for inoculations. Two growth chambers were used as replicates. The first trifoliolate leaves, later developed leaves and attached pods and detached pods were inoculated. No effect of prior inoculation on the disease reactions of subsequently inoculated leaves and pods were observed indicating that the different plant parts can be inoculated at different times. Detached and attached pods showed similar disease symptoms. The former may be used to reduce E variance and improve H estimates.

scholarly journals Sources of Resistance to Common Bacterial Blight and Rust in Elite Phaseolus vulgaris L. Germplasm

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 644-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Arnaud-Santana ◽  
M.T. Mmbaga ◽  
D.P. Coyne ◽  
J.R. Steadman
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Uromyces Appendiculatus ◽  
Common Bacterial Blight ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
The Common

We studied leaf and pod reactions of 18 Phaseolus vulgaris germplasm lines (three temperate and 15 tropical) to four Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (XCP) (Smith) Dye strains and seven Uromyces appendiculatus (UA) (Pers.) Unger races. Line × XCP interaction was significant for leaf and pod reactions. The common bean lines XAN-159, BAC-6, and XAN-112 had the best combined leaf and pod resistance to XCP. Line × UA race interactions were significant (P = 0.05). Lines IAPAR-14 and BAC-6 had the best combined resistance to XCP and UA.

Gene Estimation, Associations of Traits, and Confirmation of QTL for Common Bacterial Blight Resistance in Common Bean

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 499e-499
Author(s):  
Soon O. Park ◽  
Dermot P. Coyne ◽  
Geunhwa Jung
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Common Bacterial Blight ◽  
Total Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Population ◽  
Serious Disease

Common bacterial blight, incited by Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (Xcp), is a serious disease of common bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Gene estimation, associations of traits, and confirmation of QTL for resistance to Xcp were investigated in a recombinant inbred population derived from the backcross BC2F6 PC-50 (susceptible to Xcp) × XAN-159 (resistant to Xcp). One or two genes from XAN-159 controlled leaf resistance to Xcp. One major gene from XAN-159 was involved in controlling pod resistance to Xcp. Low (+0.24) to intermediate (+0.57 and +0.75) Pearson correlations were observed between leaf and pod reactions to Xcp. Purple flower color was associated with leaf and pod resistance to Xcp but not days to flower. One to 2 QTLs explained from 20 to 51% of the total phenotypic variation for leaf reactions to 5 Xcp strains. Two QTLs explained from 20 to 22% of the total phenotypic variation for pod reactions to Xcp strains EK-11 and DR-7. A marker BC437.1050 was associated with leaf and pod resistance to 5 Xcp strains in nearly all experiments, and accounted for 13% to 45% of the phenotypic variation for these traits. A unassigned marker D13.1000 was associated with only pod resistance to Xcp strains EK-11 and DR-7. Gene number (1 or 2) estimations and number of QTL (1 or 2) detected for resistance to Xcp generally agree. The confirmed marker BC437.1050 is expected to be useful in breeding programs for resistance to Xcp.

The south American wild bean (Phaseolus aborigineus Burk.) as ancestor of the common bean

1976 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ollie Berglund-Brücher ◽  
Heinz Brücher
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Wild Bean ◽  
The Common

scholarly journals Incorporating resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv, phaseoli into bean using the latent period as a resistance marker

1969 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-352
Author(s):  
Mildred Zapata ◽  
Robert Wilkinson ◽  
George F. Freytag ◽  
Hiram Vélez ◽  
Francisco H. Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Resistance Marker ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Greenhouse Screening

High levels of resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (Xcp) were developed in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by intercrossing genotypes having moderate levels of resistance. This was accomplished by using a modified backcross method. Screening for resistance was based on the length of the latent period for seedlings inoculated in the primary leaves, via the multineedle wounding method, and incubated in a 29° C controlled growth chamber. Field and greenhouse screening was conducted under tropical conditions with Xcp strains from Puerto Rico. Selected lines were incorporated into the crossing program. Homozygosis of the best lines was increased through greenhouse and field planting for six summer seasons. Resistance was reconfirmed by inoculation of the lines with X. campestris pv. phaseoli, vignicola and glycines under controlled conditions. Three determinate and two indeterminate germplasm lines in the F8 generation, resistant to bacterial blight, were released as an outcome of this research.

scholarly journals Selecting for Common Bacterial Blight Resistance in Common Bean: Effects of Multiple Leaf Inoculation and Detached Pod Inoculation Test

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 864-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M. Ariyarathne ◽  
D.P. Coyne ◽  
A.K. Vidaver ◽  
K.M. Eskridge
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Common Bacterial Blight ◽  
Plant Organs ◽  
Disease Reaction ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Similar Disease

Breeding for resistance is an important strategy to manage common bacterial blight disease caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (E. Smith) Dye (Xep) in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). It is necessary to determine if prior inoculation of the first trifoliolate leaf with Xcp influences subsequent reactions in other plant organs by increasing or decreasing resistance to Xcp. It is difficult to get an accurate estimate of heritability of disease reaction in pods since environment greatly affects the heritability estimate if flowering occurs over extended time periods. Thus, the disease reaction in attached pods versus detached pods was compared. A split-split plot design with two replications (growth chambers as blocks) was used, with bean lines as the whole-plot factors, Xcp strains as subplot factors, and bacterial inoculation treatments for leaf reactions or pod treatments as split-split plot factors. The first trifoliolate leaves, later developed leaves, and attached and detached pods were inoculated. No effects of prior inoculation on the disease reactions of subsequently inoculated leaves and pods were observed, indicating that the different plant organs can be inoculated at different times. The fact that detached and attached pods showed similar disease symptoms would suggest use of the former to reduce environment variance and improve heritability estimates of resistance.

scholarly journals Antagonistic potential of some bacterial strains against Xanthomonas campestris, the cause of bacterial blight in Hordeum vulgare

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 4205-4216
Author(s):  
Deiaa A. El-Wakil ◽  
Ashraf M. M. Essa
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Antagonistic Potential

Bacterial blight disease due to Xanthomonas campestris pv. translucens results in yield losses in barley, Hordeum vulgare L., especially in warm climates. Bio-based bactericides represent a safe alternative to harmful chemicals for controlling a wide range of phytopathogens. The bacterial strains (Brevibacterium linens, Bacillus subtilis, B. thuringiensis) were tested as antagonistic potential against X. campestris disease in barley seedlings. Antagonists were applied as seed biopriming and soil drench in X. campestris infested soil. Soil-drenching treatment was more efficient than the biopriming application. A significant increase in shoot length with a clear decrease in seed germination was recorded. Fresh and dry weights of shoot and root lengths of the treated plants were markedly improved. The remarkable antagonistic activity of B. linens, B. subtilis, and B. thuringiensis against X. campestris could be attributed to the capability to produce bioactive molecules that can trigger systemic resistance in the infected seedlings.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and Genetic Diversity in Strains of Common Blight Bacteria (Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli and X. campestris pv. phaseoli var. fuscans) in a Secondary Center of Diversity of the Common Bean Host Suggests Multiple Introduction Events

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1204-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth López ◽  
Carmen Asensio ◽  
Robert L. Gilbertson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
New World ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
East African ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Castilla Y Leon ◽  
Secondary Center ◽  
The Common

Common bacterial blight (CBB) disease of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli and the brown-pigmented variant X. campestris pv. phaseoli var. fuscans. CBB first was described in Castilla y León County, Spain, in 1940, and is now a major constraint on common bean production. In this secondary center of diversity of the common bean, large-seeded Andean cultivars predominate, although medium-seeded Middle American cultivars also are grown. Xanthomonad-like bacteria associated with CBB in Castilla y León were characterized on the basis of carbohydrate metabolism, brown pigment production, genetic analyses (repetitive-element polymerase chain reaction [rep-PCR] and random amplified polymorphic DNA [RAPD]) and pathogenicity on cultivars representing the two common bean gene pools (Andean and Middle American). X. campestris pv. phaseoli was more prevalent (80%) than X. campestris pv. phaseoli var. fuscans (20%). Patterns of carbohydrate metabolism of Spanish CBB bacteria were similar to those of known strains; and only X. campestris pv. phaseoli var. fuscans strains utilized mannitol as a sole carbon source. rep-PCR and RAPD analyses revealed relatively little genetic diversity among Spanish X. campestris pv. phaseoli strains, and these strains were placed together with New World strains into a large cluster. Similar to other New World strains, representative Spanish X. campestris pv. phaseoli strains were highly pathogenic on bean cultivars of both gene pools, showing no gene pool specialization such as that found in certain East African strains. Genetic analyses and pathogenicity tests confirmed and extended previous results, indicating that these East African strains represent distinct xanthomonads that independently evolved to be pathogenic on common bean. X. campestris pv. phaseoli var. fuscans strains were more closely related and genetically distinct from X. campestris pv. phaseoli strains. However, two distinct clusters of X. campestris pv. phaseoli var. fuscans strains were identified, one having the most New World strains and the other having the most African strains. Spanish strains were placed in both clusters, but all strains tested were highly pathogenic on bean cultivars of both gene pools. Together, our results are consistent with multiple introductions of CBB bacteria into Spain. These findings are discussed in terms of breeding for CBB resistance and the overall understanding of the genetic diversity and evolution of CBB bacteria.

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