Infection of Two Endosperm Mutants of Sweet Corn byFusarium moniliformeand its Effect on Seedling Vigor

1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger C. Styer
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Endosperm Mutants

Response of Sweet Corn (Zea mays) Endosperm Mutants to Chloracetamide and Thiocarbamate Herbicides

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Bennett ◽  
Stanley F. Gorski
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Endosperm Mutants ◽  
Commercially Important

Cold stress and field studies were conducted to determine the effects of alachlor, metolachlor, butylate plus dichlormid, and EPTC plus dichlormid on germination and seedling vigor of 30 sweet corn cultivars with three commercially important endosperm mutants (su, se, andsh2). Seedling emergence from cool soils was best when treated with EPTC plus dichlormid and alachlor and was decreased 11% by metolachlor and butylate plus dichlormid. Theseandsh2endosperm mutants were injured the most by the herbicides. Plant size was reduced by the thiocarbamate herbicides but not by the chloracetamides.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF GAS COMPOSITION DURING PRIMING OF sh2 MAIZE SEEDS

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 322a-322
Author(s):  
K.G.V. Davidson ◽  
F.D. Moore ◽  
E.E. Roos ◽  
C.W. Vertucci
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Poor Seed ◽  
Aeration Conditions

Sweet corn with the shrunken-2 (sh2) gene is characterized by poor seed emergence and low seedling vigor. Also, this variety is sensitive to flooded conditions. Our objective was to determine the effects of aeration, during priming treatment, on germination and vigor. Priming consisted of aerating sh2 maize seed during soaking then drying on a lab bench overnight under a fan. Fifty seeds at a time were soaked (25 ± 2C) in 100 ml deionized water. During this time they received either 75% O2: 25% N2, pure N2, pure CO2, or no gas (soak control) for up to 6 hours. The flow rates ranged from 0.35 to 2 standard liters per minute for 75% O2: 25% N2, 0.8 to 2.5 for N2, and 0.5 to 1.3 for CO2. Pressure was held constant at 1 psi. All samples were weighed before soaking, immediately after soaking, and again upon partial drying. Germination was counted after 7 days using the rolled paper towel method (25 ± 1C). Radicle lengths were measured after 72 hours. Oxygen (75%) increased vigor. Also, O2 permitted greater water absorption (P < 0.02). Carbon dioxide and N2 both decreased vigor. Data suggest that aeration conditions (75% O2) during the hydration treatment has beneficial effects.

scholarly journals Seed Germination in Relation to Total Sugar and Starch in Endosperm Mutant of Sweet Corn Genotypes

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Potchanee Pairochteerakul ◽  
Darunee Jothityangkoon ◽  
Danupol Ketthaisong ◽  
Sakunkan Simla ◽  
Kamol Lertrat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Recessive Genes

The use of combinations of two or more genes controlling carbohydrate characters of corn is an attractive way to improve table quality of sweet corn. Poor seed quality of the inbred lines hinders the progress of this strategy for hybrid seed production. The objective of this study was to evaluate sweet corn inbred lines with combinations of double and triple recessive genes for germination percentage, seed vigor, total sugar content, and starch content. Eleven sweet corn genotypes including seven inbred lines (F6 generation) with different combinations of genes controlling carbohydrate characters and four F1 hybrids were used. The germination experiment was conducted under standard test between papers (BP) and accelerated aging (AA) test. The data were recorded for germination percentage, germination speed, normal and abnormal seedling, seedling length, and seedling dry weight. The seeds were analyzed for total sugar and starch content in endosperm at maturity stage. The results showed that single recessive genotype (sh2sh2) had high germination percentage and seedling vigor. The combinations of bt or sh2 gene with wx gene resulted in low germination percentage and poor seedling vigor. However, combinations of triple recessive genes (btbt sh2sh2 wxwx) had good germination in BP test but they performed poorly in AA test.

scholarly journals Seed Maturity Influences Germination and Vigor of Two Shrunken-2 Sweet Corn Hybrids

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia M. Borowski ◽  
Vincent A. Fritz ◽  
Luther Waters
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Cold Test ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Seed Maturity ◽  
Seed Harvest

The objective of this study was to examine seed maturity at harvest as it relates to seed vigor in two commercial shrunken-2 (sh2 J sweet corn hybrids (Zea mays L. var rugosa Bonaf., cvs. Florida Staysweet, Crisp N' `Sweet 710). Seed harvest began at 0.76 g H2O/g fresh weight in 1987 and at 0.70 g H2O/g fresh weight in 1988 and 1989, and was continued at gradually declining moisture levels until frost. In five different tests of seed performance, seed of `Florida Staysweet' (FLASS) harvested between 0.23 to 0.57 g H2O/g fresh weight in 1987 possessed the highest seedling vigor. In 1988 and 1989, maximum vigor was achieved by FLASS seed harvested from 0.40 to 0.60 g H2O/g fresh weight and `Crisp N' Sweet 710' (CNS) seed harvested from 0.45 to 0.65 g H2O/g fresh weight. Standard germination test, seedling growth cold test (SGCT), and seed leachate conductivity provided the most consistent results to `determine optimum seed maturity. Seed weight was not as reliable an indicator of seed vigor in 1988 and 1989 as it was in 1987, and endosperm and embryo weights did not correlate with seedling vigor in any year.

scholarly journals A Comparison of the Growth, Establishment, and Maturity of Direct-seeded and Transplanted sh2 Sweet Corn

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory E. Welbaum ◽  
Jonathan M. Frantz ◽  
Malkanthi K. Gunatilaka ◽  
Zhengxing Shen
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Kernel Quality ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Early Harvest

Sweet corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars containing the shrunken-2 (sh2) gene have superior kernel quality but often germinate poorly and display poor seedling vigor. The transplanting of sh2 sweet corn was investigated as a method to improve stand establishment and hasten maturity. Three-week-old plants (sh2 cv. Krispy King) were raised in 200-cell polystyrene trays in either plug-trays (PT), float beds (FB), or ebb-and-flood (EF) production systems and compared with direct-seeded (DS) controls for transplant quality, successful establishment, and early harvest. In 1994, when plants were established in early June, PT plants matured 1 week earlier than DS and FB plants, which had similar mean times to harvest. In 1995, when field planting occurred in July, all plants flowered prematurely when only 60 cm tall. In 1996, the experiment was begun in early May, and survival of all transplants was >85% vs. 54% for DS plants. In 1996, transplants matured 10 to 13 days earlier than DS plants, however, >90% of DS plants produced marketable ears vs. 63%, 49%, and 44% of EF, FB, and PT plants, respectively. The DS plants were also taller with better root development than transplants in all years. Transplants produced smaller, lower-quality ears than did DS plants, thus nullifying the benefits of greater plant populations and earlier maturity. The EF system produced high-quality seedlings because of the greater control of water availability during seedling development. In some areas, the increased value of early sh2 sweet corn may be worth the additional cost of transplanting and greater percentage of unmarketable ears.

scholarly journals Cold Tolerance Evaluation in a Diallel among Open-pollinated Sweet Corn Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Revilla ◽  
J.R. Hotchkiss ◽  
W.F. Tracy
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Shoot Weight

Many sweet corn hybrids germinate poorly and have low seedling vigor in cold soils. Sources of cold tolerance and an understanding of its inheritance would benefit sweet corn production. Our objective was to determine the genetics of cold tolerance among open-pollinated progenitors of modern sweet corn. Six open-pollinated sweet corn cultivars were used as parents of a diallel. The 15 crosses plus reciprocals, parents, and checks were evaluated in cold chambers. Growing conditions were 14 hours with light at 14 °C, and 10 hours without light at 10 °C. Days to emergence, percent emergence, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight were recorded. The experiment was repeated in the greenhouse under warm conditions. Variation for cold tolerance was present among the crosses and cultivars. The variation was primarily due to general combining ability (GCA) effects, with specific combining ability (SCA) effects and reciprocal effects being significant for seedling dry mater. `Howling Mob' had significant favorable GCAs for all cold tolerance traits and resulted in the most cold-tolerant hybrids. `Country Gentleman' and `Stowell's Evergreen' were the slowest emerging parents. Days to emergence under cold conditions was not correlated to days to emergence under warm conditions. The correlations between root weight (cold) and root weight (warm) and shoot weight (cold) and shoot weight (warm) were significant, positive, and relatively large. In this material it appears that seedling vigor under warm conditions could be used to predict seedling size under cold conditions.

scholarly journals Dehydration Rate after Solid Matrix Priming Alters Seed Performance of Shrunken-2 Corn

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Parera ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Dehydration Rate ◽  
Poor Seed ◽  
Higher Temperature

In a test to overcome poor seed germination and seedling vigor of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) seeds carrying the shrunken-2 (sh2) mutant endosperm, primed seeds of two sh2 sweet corn cultivars—Crisp N'Sweet 711 (CNS-711) and How Sweet It Is (HSII)—were redried at 15, 20, 30, or 40C and 25% relative humidity after solid matrix priming (SMP). The dehydration rate was significantly lower in `CNS-711' than `HSII' at all temperatures. In both cultivars, the drying temperature after SMP was critical for seed performance. Primed seeds with a higher dehydration rate (dried at 30 or 40C) had better seed vigor, greater field emergence and seedling vigor, lower leachate conductivity and imbibition rate, and a higher respiration rate and glutamic acid decarboxylase activity than primed seeds redried at the lower temperatures or control seeds. Increased incidence of pathogen growth was observed on seeds dried at 15 and 20C relative to those dried at 30 or 40C, probably as a consequence of greater leakage from the seeds at a lower redrying temperatures. Lack of tolerance to dehydration at 15 and 20C was another factor adversely affecting the seeds redried at low temperature. A more rapid dehydration rate at a higher temperature after priming sh2 sweet corn improved many of the physiological characteristics used to measure seed quality and the subsequent emergence and vigor of the seedlings under field conditions.

scholarly journals Imbibition Rates in Film-coated Shrunken-2 Sweet Corn (Zea mays) Seeds

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 552A-552
Author(s):  
Tina Wilson ◽  
Robert Geneve ◽  
Brent Rowell
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Film Coating ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Film Treatment ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Kinetics Of

Mutant endosperm associated with shrunken-2 sweet corn possesses a high osmotic potential that increases the rate of imbibition. Membrane damage associated with the rapid influx of water during imbibition can play a role in the poor emergence and seedling vigor associated with sweet corn germination. Film-coating as a seed treatment has been used to improve germination and vigor in sweet corn. This improvement may be associated with alterations in the kinetics of imbibition. Two seed lots of shrunken-2 sweet corn, low-vigor `Even Sweeter' and high vigor `Sugar Bowl', were treated with a polymer film-coating and evaluated for differences in water uptake. Imbibition curves were established for nontreated and film-coated seeds. Seeds were weighed every hour for 6 hours and showed a significant difference between the two treatments in fresh weight for both cultivars. This pattern continues throughout the imbibition phase of germination and continues into the lag period. Bulk conductivity tests resulted in no significant mean difference between untreated and film treated seeds after 24 hours. Film treatment assumes characteristics of a hydrophilic polymer. Electrolyte leakage is not reduced and imbibition rate increases by 18% for both varieties of film-coated seeds.

scholarly journals Improved Germination and Modified Imbibition of shrunken-2 Sweet Corn by Seed Disinfection and Solid Matrix Priming

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 942-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Parera ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Seed Disinfection

Generally, sweet corn cultivars (Zea mays L.) carrying the shrunken-2 (sh2) gene have lower germination and seedling vigor than normal or sugary (su) cultivars. Seeds of sh2 `How Sweet It Is' (HSII) and `Crisp N'Sweet 711' (CNS-711) were imbibed for 6 hours. Rapid water uptake, higher seed leakage, and fungal infection were found in HSII, the lower germinating cultivar. Imbibition rate and leakage conductivity were reduced in both cultivars during the first 5 hours at 5C as compared with 25C. Sodium hypochlorite was an effective seed disinfectant. When the seeds were primed with sodium hypochlorite via solid matrix priming (SMP), germination under stressful conditions (soilcold test) was significantly improved in both cultivars. Primed seeds had significantly lower imbibitional rates and leakage conductivity than nonprimed seeds. The superior germination measured in primed and disinfected seeds was possibly due to the lower imbibitional rate and reduced seed fungal infection.

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