scholarly journals Heritability of Dollar Spot Resistance in Creeping Bentgrass

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 808-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy A. Bonos
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Dollar Spot ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Spot Disease

The dollar spot disease incited by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa is an important disease of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). Genetic resistance is an important control strategy and could reduce fungicide use. Despite recent research, the genetic mechanism of dollar spot resistance in turfgrasses is still not fully understood. The objectives of this study were to (i) determine narrow-sense heritability and predicted gain from selection for dollar spot resistance in creeping bentgrass and (ii) evaluate inheritance characteristics of dollar spot disease resistance. Inheritance characteristics such as the detection of major genes, heterosis, maternal effects, and combining ability were determined by evaluating the disease severity of progeny from crosses between resistant and susceptible bent-grass clones. Parental clones and progenies from crosses were established in a field trial in a randomized complete block design and inoculated with one isolate of S. homoeocarpa applied at a rate of 0.25 g m-2 of prepared inoculum. Differences in progeny means between crosses were observed over both years. Progeny from resistant × resistant crosses had significantly less disease severity than resistant × susceptible and susceptible × susceptible crosses. High narrow-sense heritability estimates (0.79 [2002], 0.79 [2003]) and large mean squares for general combining ability support the idea that additive gene action plays a significant role in disease resistance and support previous research that dollar spot resistance is most likely quantitatively inherited.

scholarly journals Evaluating Genetic Parameters and Combining Ability of Starch Viscosity Parameters in Rice Cultivars (Oryza sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 665
Author(s):  
Alireza Haghighi Hasanalideh ◽  
Mehrzad Allahgholipour ◽  
Ezatollah Farshadfar
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Additive Gene

This study was undertaken to assess the combining ability of 6 rice varieties, for viscosity parameters and determining gene action controlling Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) characters. F2 progenies derived from a 6×6 half diallel mating design with their parents were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Rice Research Institute of Iran (RRII) in 2015. The diallel analysis by Griffing`s method indicated the involvement of additive and non-additive gene actions controlling RVA traits. For traits PV and FV RI18447-2 and IR50 were the best combiners for increasing and decreasing, respectively. Deylamani and IR50 were the best combiners for increasing and decreasing BV, respectively. Beside, due to more portion of non-additive gene action in controlling trait SV, The Gilaneh × RI18430-46, and Deylamani × RI18430-46 crosses were the best for increasing and decreasing SV, respectively. The high estimates of broad sense heritability and narrow sense heritability for BV and FV, indicated the importance of additive effects in expression of these traits. Therefore, selection base breeding methods will be useful to improve these traits and selection in the early generations could be done to fix the favourable genes. Low estimate of narrow sense heritability for SV revealed that non-additive gene effects play important role in controlling setback viscosity. So, hybrid base breeding methods will be useful to improve this trait.

scholarly journals HERITABILITAS, NISBAH POTENSI, DAN HETEROSIS KETAHANAN KEDELAI (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) TERHADAP SOYBEAN MOSAIC VIRUS

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Nyimas Sa’diyah ◽  
Hasriadi Mat Akin ◽  
Ria Putri ◽  
Risa Jamil ◽  
Maimun Barmawi
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Heritability, potential ratio, and heterosis of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) resistance to soybean mosaic virus. The use of soybean cultivars with resistance to SMV is a way for controlling soybean mosaic disease. The objective of this research was to estimate the disease severity, the narrow sense heritability, potential ratio and heterosis of resistance character and number of pithy pods, number of healthy seeds, and healthy seeds weight per plant of ten F1 populations of soybean crossing result to SMV infection. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design in two replications. Observed characters were disease severity, number of pithy pods, number of healthy seeds, and healthy seeds weight per plant. The result of this research showed that 1) the crossing combinations those which were resistant to SMV (lower disease severity) were Yellow Bean x Tanggamus, Tanggamus x Orba, and Tanggamus x Taichung, 2) the narrow sense heritability of disease severity was included in medium criteria, 3) number of pithy pods belonged to high criteria, and 4) number of healthy seeds and healthy seeds weight per plant were included in low criteria. The crossing combinations that had low estimation value of heterosis and heterobeltiosis of resistance to SMV infection were Yellow Bean x Taichung, Bean x Tanggamus and Tanggamus x B3570. Disease severity or resistance to SMV is influenced by genetic and environmental factors.

scholarly journals Testers for combining ability and selection of papaya hybrids resistant to fungal diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Vivas ◽  
Silvaldo Felipe da Silveira ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Pessanha da Silva Terra ◽  
Messias Gonzaga Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Lesion Area ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Chocolate Spot ◽  
Selection Of

Genetic resistance represents a sustainable alternative to disease control in papaya crop. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of testers to estimate combining ability and select hybrids resistant to black spot, phoma spot and chocolate spot. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with two replications and 20 plants per plot. The severity of phoma spot and black spot on leaves and the lesion area of black spot and chocolate spot on fruits were evaluated in two seasons. The combining ability of the following crosses is negative for all traits: tester 'JS 12' with 'Sunrise Solo' and 'Kaphoro Solo PV'; tester 'Americano' with 'Caliman M5', 'Sunrise Solo', 'Baixinho de Santa Amália' and 'Waimanalo'; and tester 'Maradol' with 'Caliman G', 'Caliman AM' and 'Sunrise Solo PT'. These results may be useful in breeding for disease resistance by hybridization.

Combining Ability of Plant Height and Yield components in Indian Mustard (Brassica junceaL.Czern & Coss.) under Salt affected Soil using Line×Tester Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SHAILESH CHAND GAUTAM ◽  
MP Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects

Line × tester analysis of twenty lines and three testers of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.) cultivars were used to estimate general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) effects, high parent heterosis and narrow-sense heritability estimate for plant height, yield components and seed yield. Significant variance of line x tester for the traits like pods per plant and seed yield indicating non additive genetic effects have important role for controlling these traits. Significant mean squares of parents v/s crosses which are indicating significant average heterosis were also significant for all the traits except seeds per pod. High narrow-sense heritability estimates for all the traits except seeds per pod exhibited the prime importance of additive genetic effects for these traits except seeds per pod. Most of the crosses with negative SCA effect for plant height had at least one parent with significant negative or negative GCA effect for this trait. For most of the traits except pods per plant, the efficiency of high parent heterosis effect was more than SCA effect for determining superior cross combinations.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation for Biomass Yield and Predicted Genetic Gain in Lowland Switchgrass “Kanlow”

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1845
Author(s):  
Santosh Nayak ◽  
Hem Bhandari ◽  
Carl Sams ◽  
Virginia Sykes ◽  
Haileab Hilafu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Bioenergy Feedstock ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a warm-season, perennial grass valued as a promising candidate species for bioenergy feedstock production. Biomass yield is the most important trait for any bioenergy feedstock. This study was focused on understanding the genetics underlying biomass yield and feedstock quality traits in a “Kanlow” population. The objectives of this study were to (i) assess genetic variation (ii) estimate the narrow sense heritability, and (iii) predict genetic gain per cycle of selection for biomass yield and the components of lignocelluloses. Fifty-four Kanlow half-sib (KHS) families along with Kanlow check were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at two locations in Tennessee: Knoxville and Crossville. The data were recorded for two consecutive years: 2013 and 2014. The result showed a significant genetic variation for biomass yield (p < 0.05), hemicellulose concentration (p < 0.05), and lignin concentration (p < 0.01). The narrow sense heritability estimates for biomass yield was very low (0.10), indicating a possible challenge to improve this trait. A genetic gain of 16.5% is predicted for biomass yield in each cycle of selection by recombining parental clones of 10% of superior progenies.

scholarly journals Diallel analysis of maize resistance to Phaeosphaeria maydis

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herberte Pereira da Silva ◽  
José Roberto Moro
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Specific Hybrid ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects

In breeding programs directed towards genetic resistance against diseases, the estimation of genetic parameters that control resistance allows the introduction of resistance into suscetible germplasm to be clearly focused. The purposes of this study were to estimate heterosis effects, and the general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities by using two rating methods for resistance to Phaeosphaeria maydis in a diallel analysis of 36 F1 maize hybrids and their nine inbred lines. Trials were conducted in three environments. Disease severity was evaluated in the whole plant (PI) and in the leaf positioned just below the point of insertion of the main ear (AFA). The trials followed a randomized block design with plots represented by a 5 m long rows. Differences among combining ability estimates for different environments and in both evaluation methods showed significant effects (P < 0.01) for environment (E), GCA, and GCA × E. The SCA, and SCA × E effects were not significant for any of the disease severity variables. The GCA effects were more important than SCA for this set of inbred lines, suggesting that additive genetic effects are the most important sources of variation for this trait. Heterosis effects for resistance were estimated, and it was possible to identify specific hybrid combinations between lines which have high potential for genetic control of this pathogen. Results for both disease severity variables were practically identical, even though the PI method was more convenient to use.

scholarly journals Combining ability and heritability of selected rice varieties for grain yield, its components and grain quality characters

Genetika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 559-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrzad Allahgholipour ◽  
Ezatollah Farshdfar ◽  
Babak Rabiei
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Gelatinization Temperature ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Head Rice ◽  
Additive Gene

This study was conducted to determine the combining ability and heritability of rice grain yield, its components and some grain quality traits such as amylose content (AC), gelatinization temperature (GT), gel consistency (GC) and head rice recovery (HRR). The study was commenced by crossing the selected rice varieties based on a full diallel mating design. The F1 was harvested at the end of the season. In the following season, the crossed, reciprocal and parental lines were planted in randomly complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance indicated that genotypes were significantly different for all traits. The diallel analysis by Griffing`s method showed highly significant differences for GCA for number of panicles per plant (PN), amylose content, gelatinization temperature and head rice recovery. Highly significant differences were also observed for both SCA and REC for all evaluated characters. The results showed that the grain yield (GY), number of filled grains (FGN), 100-grain weight (HGW) and GC were controlled by non-additive gene action, while the inheritance of PN, AC, GT and HRR were largely controlled by additive gene effects, although non- additive genetic components and reciprocal effect were also involved, which suggest that a selection process could be done in the early generations. The two improved lines (RI18442-1 and RI18430-46) were found to be good general combiners for GY and FGN, while the best combiners for PN was Tarom Mohali and IR50 and for HGW was RI18430-46. The best combinations for GY were RI18430-46 ? IR50, Tarom Mohali ? RI18447-2 and Daylamani ? RI18430-46. The good hybrids were Tarom Mohali ? IR50, Line23 ? RI18447-2 and Line23 ? Backcross line for AC. Narrow sense heritability showed that the GY and GC had the lowest values while the other traits had either moderate or high heritability, which indicates selection in the early generations could be done to fix the favorable genes. In present study, narrow sense heritability was high for AC and moderate for GT, PN and HRR.

scholarly journals Heritability for Yield and Glycoalkaloid Content in Potato Breeding under Warm Environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel A. Gastelo Benavides ◽  
Luis Diaz ◽  
Gabriela Burgos ◽  
Thomas Zum Felde ◽  
Merideth Bonierbale
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Glycoalkaloid Content ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
Broadsense Heritability ◽  
The Tropics

AbstractHigh temperatures affect potato production in the tropics, putting tuber yield and quality at risk and leading to increased glycoalkaloid concentration the cause of the bitter taste in potatoes and a cause for concern for human health. The International Potato Center (CIP), has developed new heat tolerant clones which are heat tolerant and also resistant to late blight. These clones offer an opportunity to evaluate yield and glycoalkaloid levels after growth under high temperature environments. We evaluated four sets of 16 full-sib families and 20 clones for tuber yield and glycoalkaloid content in order to estimate narrow-sense and broad-sense heritability respectively. We used a randomized complete block design replicated in three locations in Peru; San Ramon, La Molina and Majes At harvest, the number and weight of marketable and nonmarketable tubers were recorded. We analyzed samples of tubers from each clone for glycoalkaloid content using spectrophotometry. Narrow-sense heritability for tuber yield, tuber number and average tuber weight were 0.41, 0.50 and 0.83, respectively, indicating that further gains in breeding for heat tolerance will be possible. Broadsense heritability for glycoalkaloid content was 0.63 and correlation with tuber yield was weak, r=0.33 and R²=0.11 (P<0.01). High heritability and weak correlation will allow us to select clones with high tuber yield and low glycoalkaloid content, to serve as candidate varieties and parents in breeding programs.

Genetic analysis of epicuticular wax production in alfalfa

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 896-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Jefferson ◽  
D. A. Johnson ◽  
M. D. Rumbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Plant Nursery ◽  
Wax Production

Epicuticular wax production increases in drought-stressed plants and has been identified as a potential drought resistance selection criterion. The objective of the present study was to determine the genetic variances and narrow-sense heritability of epicuticular wax production in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). These parameters were determined from a 14 parent diallel cross that included all possible progeny combinations. Cross progenies, selfed progenies, and reciprocal crosses were grown in a space-plant nursery at Logan, Utah. Epicuticular wax was determined gravimetrically after washing 100 cm2 of leaves (2.5 g) in carbon tetrachloride. General combining ability was significant (P < 0.05), and estimated heritability was 35% from one harvest in 1985. Specific combining ability and reciprocal effects were not significant. A subset of six parents and their progenies were sampled for two harvests in 1986. The general combining ability by harvest interaction was significant (P < 0.01) for epicuticular wax production, indicating that the true narrow-sense heritability may be lower than 35%. The range in epicuticular wax production among harvests was as great as among progenies. A greater diversity of genetic material would be useful in a selection program for epicuticular wax production in alfalfa.Key words: Medicago sativa, heritability, drought resistance, genetic variability, diallel analysis.

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