scholarly journals Diallel analysis of maize resistance to Phaeosphaeria maydis

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herberte Pereira da Silva ◽  
José Roberto Moro
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Specific Hybrid ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects

In breeding programs directed towards genetic resistance against diseases, the estimation of genetic parameters that control resistance allows the introduction of resistance into suscetible germplasm to be clearly focused. The purposes of this study were to estimate heterosis effects, and the general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities by using two rating methods for resistance to Phaeosphaeria maydis in a diallel analysis of 36 F1 maize hybrids and their nine inbred lines. Trials were conducted in three environments. Disease severity was evaluated in the whole plant (PI) and in the leaf positioned just below the point of insertion of the main ear (AFA). The trials followed a randomized block design with plots represented by a 5 m long rows. Differences among combining ability estimates for different environments and in both evaluation methods showed significant effects (P < 0.01) for environment (E), GCA, and GCA × E. The SCA, and SCA × E effects were not significant for any of the disease severity variables. The GCA effects were more important than SCA for this set of inbred lines, suggesting that additive genetic effects are the most important sources of variation for this trait. Heterosis effects for resistance were estimated, and it was possible to identify specific hybrid combinations between lines which have high potential for genetic control of this pathogen. Results for both disease severity variables were practically identical, even though the PI method was more convenient to use.

scholarly journals Application of multivariate techniques in the evaluation of pure lines of beans

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1535-1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Schmit ◽  
Rita Carolina de Melo ◽  
Thayse Cristine Vieira Pereira ◽  
Mattheus Beck ◽  
Altamir Frederico Guidolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Canonical Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Testing Hypotheses ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Pure Lines

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to apply multivariate techniques, canonical discriminant analysis, and multivariate contrasts, indicating the most favorable inferences in the evaluation of pure lines of beans. The study was conducted at the experimental field of the Institute for Breeding and Molecular Genetics, in Lages, SC, Brazil. The experiment was composed of 24 pure lines of beans from the Santa Catarina test of cultivars. Plant height, numbers of pods and grains per plant, and stem diameter were the variables measured. The complete randomized block design was used with four replications. The data were subjected to multivariate analysis of variance, canonical discriminant analysis, multivariate contrasts and univariate contrasts. The first canonical discriminant function has captured 81% of the total variation in the data. The Scott-Knott test showed two groups of inbred lines at the average -of scores of the first canonical discriminant function. It was considered that testing hypotheses with the canonical scores may result in loss of information obtained from the original data. Multivariate contrasts indicated differences within the group formed by the Scott-Knott test. The canonical discriminant analysis and multivariate contrasts are excellent techniques to be combined in the multivariate assessment, being used to explore and test hypotheses, respectively.

scholarly journals GGE Biplot projection in discriminating the efficiency of popcorn lines to use nitrogen

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano dos Santos ◽  
Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior ◽  
Railan do Nascimento Ferreira Kurosawa ◽  
Ismael Fernando Schegoscheski Gerhardt ◽  
Roberto Fritsche Neto
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Gge Biplot ◽  
State University ◽  
Information Ratio ◽  
The North ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Main Components

ABSTRACT Nitrogen is essential for sustaining life on the planet, and it is the most important nutrient for obtaining high agricultural production. However, their use leads to the release of nitrous oxide with a global warming potential 296 times higher than the CO2 molecule, making it a challenge to reduce their use in agriculture. The objective of this research was to identify efficient popcorn inbred lines and responsive nitrogen use and exhibit a good expansion volume. For this, 29 inbred lines from the Germplasm Collection of Darcy Ribeiro North Fluminense State University (UENF) were evaluated at two contrasting levels of nitrogen availability (low and ideal) at two representative locations in the north and northwest of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, arranged in a randomized block design with three replicates. These inbred lines were discriminated against efficient use of nitrogen by multivariate GGE Biplot. Selective accuracy was close to 1, showing that the genotypes were enough to provide contrasting success in selection procedures. The first two main components (PC) retained 93.82% of the total variation, and PC1 furnished an information ratio (IR) that was unaffected by noise. L77 was the most unstable line, while P7, P2, P6, P3, P5, P4, P9, P10, P8, P9, L70, L74, and L55 were efficient and responsive. The GGE biplot method is recommended for the reliable identification of popcorn lines that are efficient and responsive to the use of nitrogen.

scholarly journals Partial diallel and genetic divergence analyses in maize inbred lines

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e53540
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda de Souza Dias Maioli ◽  
Ronald José Barth Pinto ◽  
Tereza Aparecida da Silva ◽  
Diego Ary Rizzardi ◽  
Robson Akira Matsuzaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Partial Diallel

In this study, we aimed to estimate general and specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA, respectively) and to verify genetic divergence (Rogers distance, Unweighted Pair-Group Method Using Arithmetic Average - UPGMA) using microsatellite markers in maize inbred lines. Using a partial diallel scheme, a total of 19 inbred lines were crossed as (9 x 10), which were derived from the single hybrids SG6015 and P30F53, respectively. The 90 hybrids were evaluated in an incomplete randomized block design with common checks and three replications during the 2017-2018 growing season. Flowering time, average plant height, ear height insertion, average ear diameter, ear length, number of lodged and broken plants, mass of 100 grains and grain yield were measured. According to the analysis of variance, GCA, and SCA were significant (p < 0.05) in all the measured traits; inbred line B as well as 1 and 8, derived from the single hybrids SG6015 and P30F53, respectively, were selected due to their higher GCA values in grain yield to be used in crosses as testers, while the single cross hybrid (B x 1) was selected due to their higher SCA value in grain yield to be used in future breeding programs. The molecular marker analysis divided the inbred lines into two groups, where the highest dissimilarity (0.74) was observed between lines A and 9; however, these did not result in a high SCA value, therefore the hybrids obtained by such crossings were not selected for grain yield.

scholarly journals Heterosis performance in industrial and yield components of sweet corn

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aracelle Assunção ◽  
Edward Madureira Brasil ◽  
Jaison Pereira de Oliveira ◽  
Américo José dos Santos Reis ◽  
André Ferreira Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Industrial Yield

Heterosis and its components were evaluated in a diallel crossing system of sweet corn. In the 38 treatments, eigth parents, 28 hybrids and two controls were used, arranged in a randomized block design with three replications.The diallel analysis followed the methodology of Gardner and Eberhart (1966). The following traits were evaluated: male and female flowering, plant and ear height, ear index (number of ears/number of plants), ºBrix, total ear weight, standard ear weight, industrial yield and total sugar content. There was genetic variability among genotypes, with significant differences except for the traits ear index, industrial yield and ºBrix.Heterosis was found for most traits. The mean heterosis of hybrids compared with the parents was positive for most traits. There was a contribution of additive and dominance effects.The contribution of dominant genes was greatest to flowering, plant and ear height and standard ear weight.

scholarly journals Diversity Analysis in Biofortified Inbred Lines of Maize (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Priyanka Jaiswal ◽  
. Banshidhar ◽  
. Banshidhar ◽  
Dan Singh Jakhar ◽  
Rajesh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Selection Of

Thirty biofortified inbred lines of maize were evaluated for 11 parameters to study the genetic diversity by using D2 statistics during kharif 2017in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications at Agricultural Research farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU Varanasi. In present investigation all genotypes were grouped into ten cluster. Among the different clusters of inbred lines, the cluster II with 8 inbreds emerged as the largest cluster. The intra cluster D2 value ranged from 10.82 to 44.89. The maximum intra cluster distance was observed for cluster X (D2 = 44.89). The maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster V and VI (D2 = 180.90) followed by cluster V and VII (D2 = 166.10), cluster IV and V (D2 = 155.60), cluster V and VIII (D2 = 135.02) and cluster I and VI (D2 = 127.66). The maximum contribution towards divergence was due to 100 seed weight (52.18%), thus, estimates of variation in seed weight could be used as a basis for selection of distantly related parents. Highest mean value for grain yield per plant (80.8) and Zn concentration (39.53) were observed in cluster IV, while the highest mean value for 100 seed weight was found in cluster V. Therefore, these clusters prove to be of prime importance for selection of parents in hybridization programme aimed at higher yield along with enhanced grain Zn concentration.

scholarly journals FLOWERING SYNDROME – HYBRID PERFORMANCE RELATIONSHIP IN MAIZE 1- Field traits and growth rates

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al- Khazaali & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Selection For

In order to identify the role of selection for early and late silking on the inbred lines from Maize (Zea Mays L.) regarding the grain yield of the consequent hybrids. Filed experiment for four seasons (spring and full 2014 and 2015) was conducted in the experimental field of Field Crop Dept., Coll. of Agric., Univ. of Baghdad. Four inbred lines (Zm19, Zm32, Zm51 and Zm61) and two testers (Zm21 late and Zm60 early silking) were used. In the first two seasons, the seeds of the four inbred lines were planted, first 10 plants that flowered early and 10 plants that flowered late were selected and the seeds of the selected plants were multiplied. The seeds of the early and late selected inbred lines were planted in the third season and crossed with testers. Crosses from the early and late flowering were produced and their seeds were cultivated in the last season. Comparison in some field and growth traits were conducted among the crosses. The experiments laid out in completely randomized block design (RCBD) at three replicates. Selection for early and late flowering parents has induced significant differences in days to flowering for all crosses and ranged between 62 days for early parents and 66 days for late parents. Also, significant differences were shown in several traits, the most prominent were crop’s and seed’s growth rate (CGR and SGR ), that correlated with seed filling duration (SFD), which contributed to increase the deposition of the dry matter into the grain for a longer period, which gave a high grain yield (GY). CGR of outstanding crosses ranged from 3.18 to 6.21 g.m-2.day, SGR ranged between 2.3 to 7.3 g. m-2.day, and the SFD between 35-38 days. In parallel, the testers (Zm21 late and Zm60 early silking) have significantly differed in their effect on the traits of some derived crosses, where the results showed significant superiority of the crosses Zm32Zm60 resulted from crossing the tester Zm60 with early silking parents selected from inbred line Zm32 on the crosses Zm32Zm21 resulted from crossing the tester Zm21 with the same parents of Zm32 in the traits of Total Dry Matter (TDM) (1.85 kg.m-2), CGR (18.28 g.m-2.day), Harvest Index (HI) (0.56), and SGR (3.3 g.m-2.day). It can be conclude  that selection for early and late silking inbred lines, as well as the effect of the early and late silking tester have a great importance in deriving hybrids of a high yield and distinct in several traits, which are all significantly contributing in increasing the GY.

scholarly journals Screening of maize germplasm for Turcicum leaf blight resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
T. A. Wani ◽  
G. N. Bhat ◽  
Mushtaq Ahmad ◽  
A. Anwar ◽  
Gul Zaffar
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Exserohilum Turcicum ◽  
Maize Germplasm ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Sorghum Grains ◽  
Moderately Resistant

: A study was conducted during Kharif 2012 and 2013 at Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus Srinagar with the objective of screening sixty maize genotypes against Turcicum leaf blight caused by Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard and Suggs. Field experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. In order to ensure establishment of infection, artificial inoculation of E. turcicum on test genotypes was made twice at 30 and 40 days after sowing with two different methods of inoculation (spraying on foliage of maize with spore suspension of pathogen @ 5x104 spores/ml at 30 DAS and by whorl drop inoculation of pathogen multiplies on sorghum grains at 40 DAS). Disease severity on test entries was scored at silk drying stage and studies revealed that two inbred lines, viz., NAI-112 and NAI-147, and one hybrid, viz., HQPM-1 were found resistant with pooled disease intensity of 4.12 per cent, 4.04 per cent and 4.38 per cent, respectively. Four inbred lines, viz., KDM 381 A, KDM 918 A, NAI-152 and NAI-167 were found susceptible with pooled disease intensity of 52.82 per cent, 51.02 per cent, 58.58 per cent and 61.33 per cent, respectively. The remaining genotypes were moderately resistant to moderately susceptible.

Genetic control of anthracnose stalk rot resistance in tropical maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Rodrigues Matiello ◽  
Débora da Silva Máximo ◽  
Caroline de Jesus Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Support Pillar ◽  
Oligogenic Inheritance ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects ◽  
Plot Design

ABSTRACT The genetic resistance to diseases in plants represents an important support pillar in modern agriculture. This study aimed to determine the genetic inheritance to anthracnose stalk rot resistance in tropical maize. Nine segregating families were obtained from contrasting inbred lines crosses. The parental lines and the filial generations (F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) were evaluated for antrachnose stalk rot resistance in an experiment in randomized blocks, with three replications. The treatments were arranged in a split-plot design, with family effect in the plots and generation effect in the split-plots. The results showed a similar inheritance among the families, with predominance of additive genetic effects. The inbreed lines (LR 04-2, LR 03-2 and LR 23-1) were very effective in transmitting resistance genes to their descendants because they allowed sharp decreases in the lesions length in the stalks. It was also possible to notice an oligogenic inheritance involved in the anthracnose stalk rot resistance for the evaluated families. It may be inferred that genetic gains from artificial selection could be successful for developing maize inbred lines more resistant to anthracnose stalk rot.

RESIDUAL DE NANOPARTICULADO NA CORREÇÃO DO SOLO E NPK NA CULTURA DO CAFÉ

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Waylson Zancanella Quartezani ◽  
Estevão Morgan Uliana ◽  
Jean Barros Souza ◽  
Evandro Chaves Oliveira ◽  
Ramon Amaro de Sales
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Application Frequency ◽  
Split Frequency ◽  
Experimental Plots ◽  
Npk Fertilization

A maior parte das lavouras de café brasileiras estão localizadas em solos ácidos, onde pode-se observar baixos teores de macronutrientes, e grande quantidade de alumínio trocável, que vem a afetar o desenvolvimento dos cafeeiros, e por consequência afetando a absorção de nutrientes e água. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência da tecnologia de nanoparticulado na correção do solo e NPK, buscando a dosagem e parcelamento de aplicação correta para maior eficiência. O Delineamento estatístico do experimento foi em Blocos Casualizados (DBC), com arranjo fatorial em faixas (“strip-plot”) dos 16 tratamentos, 3 repetições por tratamento, totalizando 48 parcelas experimentais. A tecnologia foi avaliada em análise de duas fontes de variação: D - diferentes doses do produto recomendado e P - parcelamento da dosagem ou intervalo de aplicação. Cada fonte de variação apresentando 4 (quatro) tratamentos, sendo eles: D1 – dose 5 l.ha-1; D2 – dose 10 l.ha-1; D3 – dose 15 l.ha-1 e D4 - dose 18 l.ha-1 para D. E P1 - uma parcela; P2 - duas parcelas (aplicação a cada 6 meses); P3 - três parcelas (aplicação a cada 4 meses) e P4 - quatro parcelas (aplicação a cada 3 meses) para P. A tecnologia de nanoparticulado testado, nas dosagens de 10 a 15 l.ha-1, em 2 a 3 aplicações ao ano, mostraram efeitos positivos e suficientes para suprir as necessidades de correções da acidez do solo, para cultura do café conilon, no período de um ano agrícola e nas condições de cultivo.PALAVRA-CHAVES: Calagem, Fertirrigação, Parcelamento NANOPARTICLE RESIDUAL IN SOIL CORRECTION AND NPK FERTILIZATION OF COFFEEABSTRACT: Most of Brazil’s coffee is grown in acidic soils, with low macronutrient concentrations and high exchangeable aluminum, which affect the development of coffee trees and, hence, the absorption of nutrients and water. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the nanoparticle technology in the soil correction and NPK fertilization, seeking the adequate rate and split application frequency to increase fertilizer use efficiency. The experiment was arranged in a factorial strip-plot randomized block design (RBD), with 16 treatments and 3 replicates per treatment, totaling 48 experimental plots. The technology was assessed by analyzing two sources of variation: D - different rates of the product recommended; and P - splitting the rate or application frequency. Each source of variation was subjected to 4 (four) treatments: D1 - 5 l ha-1; D2 - 10 l ha-1; D3 15 l ha-1, and D4 18 l ha-1 for  rates D; and P1 – one split; P2 - two splits (application every 6 months); P3 - three splits (application every 4 months); and P4 - four splits (application every 3 months) for split frequency P. The use of the nanoparticle technology at the rates of 10 to 15 l ha-1 in 2 to 3 split applications per year provided positive and adequate effects to meet the acidity correction requirements for Conilon coffee crop, during an agricultural year and in the study cultivation conditions.KEYWORDS: Liming, Fertigation, Split application.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Level and Irrigation Interval on Mitigating Stemphylium Blight and Downy Mildew in Onion

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Bibek Acharya ◽  
Ram Kumar Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Stemphylium Blight

Field trial was conducted on horticultural farm of Lamjung Agriculture Campus, Lamjung, Nepal between December-April 2016/17 on onion (Allium cepa), following two factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications and fifteen treatments to assess disease severity of Stemphylium blight (Stemphylium vesicarium) and Downy mildew (Peronospora destructor). The onion cultivar Red Creole, widely grown in this locality and susceptible to these diseases was used for trial. The disease intensity for Stemphylium leaf blight and Downy mildew was rated on weekly basis. Disease severity of both the disease significantly varied with nitrogen level and irrigation interval during initial and middle growth stage of onion, but in contrary, was found non-significant during later days as the plant approached harvesting stage. Area under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) also significantly varied in both treatments for both disease. Yield parameters recorded viz. bulb diameter and bulb yield significantly varied with nitrogen level and irrigation interval. The interaction effect of both the treatment was found non-significant for disease severity, AUDPC level and yield parameters during entire growth stage of onion. The results indicated that 7 days irrigation interval and government recommended dose of nitrogen i.e. 235 kg/ha were significantly better over other level of treatments in reducing Stemphylium blight and Downy mildew disease severity and also increasing yield parameters.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(1): 17-22

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