Longitudinal association between waist circumference, waist‐to‐height ratio and incidence of hypertension among Chinese adults

AbstractObjectiveWaist-to-height ratio (WHtR) has been reported to be more strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors among non-obese individuals than BMI and waist circumference (WC). A body shape index (ABSI) and body roundness index (BRI) have been proposed recently to assess obesity-related disorders or mortalities. Our aim was to compare the ability of ABSI and BRI with that of WHtR to identify cardiometabolic risk factors in Chinese adults with normal BMI and WC.DesignReceiver-operating characteristic curves and areas under the curve (AUC) were employed to evaluate the ability of the indices (WHtR, BRI, ABSI) to identify metabolic risk factors and to determine the indices’ optimal cut-off values. The value of each index that resulted in maximization of the Youden index (sensitivity + specificity – 1) was defined as optimal. Differences in the AUC values between the indices were also evaluated.SettingIndividuals attending a voluntary health check-up in Beijing, China, July–December 2015, were recruited to the study.SubjectsNon-obese adults (n 1596).ResultsAmong both genders, ABSI exhibited the lowest AUC value for identifying each risk factor among the three indices; the AUC value of BRI for identifying each risk factor was very close to that of WHtR, and no significant differences were observed between the AUC values of the two new indices.ConclusionsWhen evaluating cardiometabolic risk factors among non-obese adults, WHtR was a simple and effective index in the assessment of cardiometabolic risk factors, BRI could be used as an alternative body index to WHtR, while ABSI could not.

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Are 24 h urinary sodium excretion and sodium:potassium independently associated with obesity in Chinese adults?

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s136898001500230x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 1074-1080 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Zeng Ge ◽

Jiyu Zhang ◽

Xiaorong Chen ◽

Liuxia Yan ◽

Xiaolei Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Waist Circumference ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Sampling Strategy ◽

Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

Height Ratio ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Waist To Height Ratio

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association of 24 h urinary Na excretion and Na:K with obesity in Chinese adults.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study using a four-stage stratified sampling strategy.SettingShandong Province, China.SubjectsChinese adults (n 1906) aged 18–69 years who provided complete 24 h urine samples.ResultsOdds of obesity increased significantly across increasing quartiles of urinary Na excretion (1·00, 1·54, 1·69 and 2·52, respectively, for overweight; 1·00, 1·20, 1·50, and 2·03, respectively, for obesity; 1·00, 1·44, 1·85 and 2·53, respectively, for abdominal obesity (assessed by waist circumference); and 1·00, 1·28, 1·44 and 1·75, respectively, for abdominal obesity (assessed by waist-to-height ratio); P for linear trend <0·001 for all). In addition, odds of abdominal obesity, but not odds of overweight and obesity, increased significantly with successive Na:K quartiles. Additionally, for each increment in urinary Na excretion of 100 mmol, odds of overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity (by waist circumference) and abdominal obesity (by waist-to-height ratio) increased significantly by 46 %, 39 %, 55 % and 33 %, respectively. Similarly, with a 1 sd increase in Na:K, odds of abdominal obesity (by waist circumference) and abdominal obesity (by waist-to-height ratio) increased significantly by 12 % and 15 %, respectively.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that 24 h urinary Na excretion and Na:K might be important risk factors for obesity in Chinese adults.

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Waist-to-height ratio is better than body mass index and waist circumference as a screening criterion for metabolic syndrome in Han Chinese adults

Medicine ◽

10.1097/md.0000000000008192 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 96 (39) ◽

pp. e8192 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Hui Yang ◽

Zhong Xin ◽

Jian-Ping Feng ◽

Jin-Kui Yang

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Body Mass ◽

Han Chinese ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

Height Ratio ◽

Waist To Height Ratio ◽

Better Than

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Effects of Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, Waist-to-Height Ratio and Their Changes on Risks of Dyslipidemia among Chinese Adults: The Guizhou Population Health Cohort Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph19010341 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 341

Author(s):

Li Cao ◽

Jie Zhou ◽

Yun Chen ◽

Yanli Wu ◽

Yiying Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Population Health ◽

Body Mass ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

Height Ratio ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Waist To Height Ratio ◽

Health Cohort Study

This study aimed to assess the effects of different anthropometric indices and their changes on the risk of incident dyslipidemia among the Chinese population. From the Guizhou population health cohort study, 2989 Chinese adults without dyslipidemia at baseline were followed up. Anthropometric parameters including waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and their changes in the latter two indices, and serum lipids were tested after at least 8 h fasting. Hazard ratio (HR), adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), and 95% confidential interval (CI) were calculated to estimate the association between anthropometric parameters and dyslipidemia risk using multivariate Cox regression. A total of 2089 (69.98%) new dyslipidemia cases were identified over an average follow-up of 7.0 years. Baseline BMI (aHR = 1.12, 95%CI 1.01, 1.23) and WHtR (aHR = 1.06, 95%CI 1.00, 1.13) were positively associated with higher risks of incident dyslipidemia but not WC. Each 5.0 kg/m2 increment of BMI or 0.05-unit increment of WHtR was significantly associated with 43% or 25% increased risk of incident dyslipidemia, respectively. The aHRs (95%CI) of incident dyslipidemia for subjects maintaining or developing general obesity were 2.19 (1.53, 3.12) or 1.46 (1.22, 1.75), and 1.54 (1.23, 1.82) or 1.30 (1.06, 1.60) for subjects maintaining or developing abdominal obesity, respectively. Linear trends for aHRs of BMI, WHtR change, and BMI change were observed (p for trend: 0.021, <0.001, <0.001, respectively). BMI, WHtR, and their changes were closely associated with the incidence of dyslipidemia for Chinese adults. Loss in BMI and WHtR had protective effects on incident dyslipidemia, whereas gain of BMI or WHtR increased the dyslipidemia risk. Interventions to control or reduce BMI and WHtR to the normal range are important for the early prevention of dyslipidemia, especially for participants aged 40 years or above, male participants, and urban residents with poor control of obesity.

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Waist-to-height ratio and waist circumference as the main measures to evaluate obstructive sleep apnea in the woman’s reproductive life stages

Women & Health ◽

10.1080/03630242.2020.1862386 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Daniel Ninello Polesel ◽

Karen Tieme Nozoe ◽

Lia Bittencourt ◽

Sergio Tufik ◽

Monica Levy Andersen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Life Stages ◽

Height Ratio ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Reproductive Life ◽

Waist To Height Ratio

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The Influence of Anthropometric Indices and Intermediary Determinants of Hypertension in Bangladesh

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18115646 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 5646

Author(s):

Sally Sonia Simmons ◽

John Elvis Hagan ◽

Thomas Schack

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Body Mass ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Height Ratio ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Anthropometric Indices ◽

Waist To Hip Ratio ◽

Waist To Height Ratio

Hypertension is a major public health burden in Bangladesh. However, studies considering the underlying multifaceted risk factors of this health condition are sparse. The present study concurrently examines anthropometric parameters and intermediary factors influencing hypertension risk in Bangladesh. Using the 2018 World Health Organisation (WHO) STEPwise approach to non-communicable disease risk factor surveillance (STEPS) study conducted in Bangladesh and involving 8019 nationally representative adult respondents, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between anthropometrics, other intermediary factors and hypertension. The regression results were presented using the odds ratio (OR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The risk of hypertension was higher among females and males who were 40 years and older. However, among females, those who were age 60 years and older were more than twice and thrice more likely to be hypertensive compared to those in the younger age groups (18–39, 40–59). Females who were obese (body mass index [BMI], waist to hip ratio [WHR], waist to height ratio [WHtR]) or had high waist circumference [WC] were twice as likely to be hypertensive. Males and females who were physically active, consuming more fruits and vegetables daily and educated had lower odds of developing hypertension. Key findings suggest that the association between anthropometric indices (body mass index [BMI], waist to hip ratio [WHR], waist to height ratio [WHtR]), waist circumference [WC]), other intermediary determinants (e.g., education, physical activity) and hypertension exist across gender and with increasing age among adults in Bangladesh. Developing appropriate public health interventions (e.g., regular assessment of anthropometric parameters) for early identification of the risk and pattern of hypertension through appropriate screening and diagnosis is required to meet the specific health needs of the adult Bangladesh population.

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Developing waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio percentile curves for Pakistani children and adolescents aged 2–18 years using Lambda-Mu-Sigma (LMS) method

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2019-0527 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (8) ◽

pp. 983-993 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Muhammad Asif ◽

Muhammad Aslam ◽

Saima Altaf ◽

Sajid Mustafa

Keyword(s):

Waist Circumference ◽

Central Obesity ◽

The Other ◽

Height Ratio ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Percentile Curves ◽

Lms Method ◽

Waist To Height Ratio ◽

And Gender ◽

Gender Specific

AbstractObjectivesChildren from different countries and with different ethnic backgrounds have a distinct pattern of central fat deposition. Therefore, it is essential to develop population-specific percentiles of waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and waist-to-height ratio exponent (WHtR (exp)) for the evaluation of central obesity. The objective of this study was to develop age-and-gender-specific smoothed WC and WHtR percentile curves for the Pakistani children and adolescents aged 2–18 years.MethodsA cross-sectional data-set from a multi-ethnic anthropometric survey was considered. A sample of 10,668 healthy subjects (boys = 51.92%; and girls = 48.08%), aged 2–18 years was studied. Height (cm) and WC (cm) of each subject was measured under standard procedure and WHtR & WHtR (exp) were calculated. Age-and-gender-specific smoothed curves were obtained using the lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method and compared with percentile curves obtained from different countries.ResultsExcept few early ages, the WC values increased with age in both sexes. Both boys and girls had approximately similar WC during 6–11 years of age and after age of 11, the boys had larger WC than the girls had. For WHtR, the centile curves showed a continuous decrease by 16 years of age and then increased gradually. WHtR of the girls in various ages were having similar or higher than those of the boys. In comparison of WC 50th and 90th percentiles with other countries, it was found that except few ages, the Pakistani children had larger WC than the other reference populations and the results of WHtR were also comparable to the other nations.ConclusionsWe present new reference data of WC, WHtR and WHtR (exp) using a representative sample of the Pakistani children aged 2–18 years. These reference values can be used provisionally for early detection of central obesity and its associated risks in the Pakistani children.

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