scholarly journals Cerebral State Index during Propofol Anesthesia

2006 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik W. Jensen ◽  
Hector Litvan ◽  
Miren Revuelta ◽  
Bernardo E. Rodriguez ◽  
Pere Caminal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bispectral Index ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Sedation Score ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Effect Site ◽  
Prediction Probability ◽  
Effect Site Concentration ◽  
State Index

Background The objective of this study was to prospectively test the Cerebral State Index designed for measuring the depth of anesthesia. The Cerebral State Index is calculated using a fuzzy logic combination of four subparameters of the electroencephalographic signal. The performance of the Cerebral State Index was compared with that of the Bispectral Index and the A-Line ARX Index. Methods This study applied raw data from two previously published clinical protocols. The patients in protocol 1 were given a continuous propofol infusion, 300 ml/h, until 80% of burst suppression occurred. In protocol 2, a stepwise increased target-controlled infusion of propofol was administered to patients until loss of response to noxious stimuli while the Observer's Assessment of Alertness and Sedation was registered every 4 min. The Cerebral State Index was calculated off-line from the recorded electroencephalographic data. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient between electronic indices and the effect site concentration of propofol was calculated along with the prediction probability of each index to predict the Observer's Assessment of Alertness and Sedation level. Results The Spearman rank correlation coefficients between the Cerebral State Index, Bispectral Index, and A-Line ARX Index and the propofol effect site concentration were -0.94, -0.89, and -0.82, respectively, in protocol 1, whereas the prediction probability values between the Cerebral State Index, Bispectral Index, and A-Line ARX Index and the Observer's Assessment of Alertness and Sedation score in protocol 2 were 0.92, 0.93, and 0.91, respectively. Conclusion The Cerebral State Index detects well the graduated levels of propofol anesthesia when compared with the propofol effect site concentration and the Observer's Assessment of Alertness and Sedation score.

Difference of seasonal variation between glycated albumin and glycated haemoglobin

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Tanaka ◽  
Shu Meguro ◽  
Masami Tanaka ◽  
Junichiro Irie ◽  
Yoshifumi Saisho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Glycated Albumin ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Average Temperature

Background Glycated albumin reflects 2–3-week glycaemic controls, and in addition to glycated haemoglobin, it has been used as a glycaemic control indicator. We presumed that glycated albumin also has seasonal variations and is related to temperature, similar to glycated haemoglobin. Methods The subjects were diabetic outpatients from April 2007 to March 2013. This resulted in the enrolment of 2246 subjects and the collection of a total of 53,968 measurements. Mean glycated haemoglobin, glycated albumin, and plasma glucose were calculated for each month over six years. The associations of the measures with each other and the average temperature for each month in Tokyo were assessed using Spearman rank correlation coefficients. Results Plasma glucose was highest in January and lowest in May. Glycated haemoglobin was highest in March and lowest in September. Glycated albumin was highest in May and lowest in December. Glycated albumin tended to have a disjunction with plasma glucose in winter. Glycated haemoglobin had seasonal variation, but glycated albumin did not. Plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin showed significant negative correlations with temperature (rs = −0.359, P < 0.001, rs = −0.449, P < 0.001, respectively), but glycated albumin did not. However, glycated albumin was inter-correlated with plasma glucose (rs = 0.396, P < 0.001) and glycated haemoglobin (rs = 0.685, P < 0.001), and glycated haemoglobin was inter-correlated with plasma glucose (rs = 0.465, P < 0.001). Conclusion Glycated albumin and glycated haemoglobin showed different seasonal variations from each other over the six-year study period. Thus, further studies to identify factors that contribute to glycated albumin are needed.

scholarly journals What do babies eat? Evaluation of a food frequency questionnaire to assess the diets of infants aged 6 months

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 751-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
LD Marriott ◽  
SM Robinson ◽  
J Poole ◽  
SE Borland ◽  
KM Godfrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Mean Differences

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the relative validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for assessing nutrient intakes in 6-month-old infants.Design and settingThe FFQ was developed to assess the diets of infants born to women in the Southampton Women’s Survey (SWS), a population-based survey of young women and their offspring. The energy and nutrient intakes obtained from an interviewer-administered FFQ were compared with those obtained from a 4-day weighed diary.Subjects and methodsA sub-sample of 50 infants aged 6 months from the SWS had their diets assessed by both methods. The FFQ recorded the frequencies and amounts of milks, baby foods, regular foods and drinks consumed by the infants over the previous seven days. The diaries recorded the weights of all foods and drinks consumed by the infants on four separate days within 15 days following FFQ completion.ResultsSpearman rank correlation coefficients for intakes of energy, macronutrients and 18 micronutrients, determined by the two methods, ranged from r = 0·39 to 0·86; adjustment for energy intake tended to increase the correlation coefficients, range ra = 0·55 to 0·89. Bland–Altman statistics showed that mean differences between methods were in the range of −12·5 % to +12·5 % except for vitamin B12 (−18·9 %).ConclusionAlthough there were differences in absolute energy and nutrient intakes between methods, Spearman rank correlation coefficients indicated reasonable agreement in the ranking of intakes. The interviewer-administered FFQ is a useful tool for assessing energy and nutrient intakes of healthy infants aged about 6 months.

scholarly journals Reliability of a Brief Intercept Survey for Trail Use Behaviors

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Troped ◽  
Heather A. Whitcomb ◽  
Brent Hutto ◽  
Julian A. Reed ◽  
Steven P. Hooker
Keyword(s):  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Trail Use ◽  
Percent Agreement ◽  
Intercept Survey ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Purpose:This study assessed test-retest reliability of an interviewer-administered trail survey.Methods:An intercept survey was conducted with adults using 2 paved trails in Indiana and South Carolina (N = 295; mean age = 46.9 ± 18 y). The survey included items on frequency and duration of trail use for recreation and transportation, other patterns of trail use, and sociodemographic characteristics. Fifty-five adults completed the survey twice (2−16 d apart; mean = 7.4 ± 2.6 d). Test-retest reliability was assessed with Spearman rank correlation coefficients, Kappa coefficients, and percent agreement.Results:Kappa coefficients and percent agreement for 9 categorical items ranged from 0.65 to 0.96 and from 64.0% to 98.2%, respectively. Among these items, the lowest Kappas were found for perceived safety (0.65) and reported duration of visits for recreational purposes (0.67). Spearman rank correlation coefficients for travel distance to and on the trail and frequency of trail use during the past 7 days and past 4 weeks ranged from 0.62 to 0.93.Conclusion:Though further assessments of this survey with different populations and types of trails may be warranted, its overall high reliability indicates it can be used by researchers and practitioners in its current form.

scholarly journals The correlation between the distribution of tourism assets and the location of tourist accommodation in Łódź Province

Turyzm ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Sylwia Żakowska ◽  
Katarzyna Podhorodecka
Keyword(s):  
Final Stage ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Tourist Accommodation ◽  
The Relationship

This article presents the correlation between natural and non-natural tourism assets and the distribution of tourist accommodation in the 24 powiats (districts) of Łódź Province. The authors, having divided these assets into natural and non-natural, discusses their occurrence in individual powiats. Next, tourist accommodation in Łódź Province is described, along with a presentation of statistical data. An important part of the paper is the presentation of the research results obtained by means of the point bonitation method. At the final stage, Spearman rank correlation coefficients is calculated, showing the strength of the relationship between selected tourism assets and the distribution of tourist accommodation.

scholarly journals Comparison between Bispectral Index and Patient State Index as Measures of the Electroencephalographic Effects of Sevoflurane

2008 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Soehle ◽  
Richard K. Ellerkmann ◽  
Matthias Grube ◽  
Matthias Kuech ◽  
Stefan Wirz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bispectral Index ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Modeling ◽  
Depth Of Anesthesia ◽  
Sevoflurane Anesthesia ◽  
Effect Site ◽  
Effect Site Concentration ◽  
Patient State ◽  
State Index ◽  
Patient State Index ◽  
End Tidal

Background The Bispectral Index (BIS) and the Patient State Index (PSI) quantify depth of anesthesia by analyzing the electroencephalogram. The authors examined the response of BIS and PSI to sevoflurane anesthesia. Methods In 22 patients, sevoflurane anesthesia was induced by inhalation with a tight-fitting facemask and was maintained via a laryngeal mask. Sevoflurane concentrations were increased until burst suppression occurred and subsequently decreased until BIS recovered to values above 60. This procedure was repeated twice until patients underwent intubation for subsequent surgery. End-tidal sevoflurane concentrations, BIS, and PSI were recorded simultaneously. The performance of PSI and BIS to predict the estimated sevoflurane effect site concentration, as derived from simultaneous pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling, was compared by determination coefficients (rho(2)) and prediction probabilities (P(K)). Results A significant (P &lt; 0.001) correlation between BIS and PSI was found (r(2) = 0.75), and a close sigmoid relation between sevoflurane effect site concentration and both BIS (rho(2) = 0.84 +/- 0.09) and PSI (rho(2) = 0.85 +/- 0.15) was observed. The maximum sevoflurane electroencephalographic effect resulted in PSI values (1.3 +/- 4.3) that were significantly (P = 0.019) lower than BIS values (7.9 +/- 12.1), and the effect site efflux constant k(e0) was significantly smaller (P = 0.001) for PSI (0.13 +/- 0.08 min(-1)) than for BIS (0.24 +/- 0.15 min(-1)). The probability of BIS (P(K) = 0.80 +/- 0.11) to predict sevoflurane effect site concentration did not differ (P = 0.76) from that of PSI (P(K) = 0.79 +/- 0.09). Conclusions The BIS reacted faster to changes in sevoflurane concentrations, whereas the PSI made better use of the predefined index range. However, despite major differences in their algorithms and minor differences in their dose-response relations, both PSI and BIS predicted depth of sevoflurane anesthesia equally well.

Identification of Potential Surrogate Endpoints in Randomized Clinical Trials of Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Correlation of Complete Response, Time-to-Event and Overall Survival Data.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 3699-3699
Author(s):  
Linda M. Lee ◽  
Lisa Wang ◽  
Michael Crump
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Surrogate Endpoints ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Aggressive Histology ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient

Abstract Abstract 3699 Poster Board III-635 Background Aggressive histology non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) are generally treated with curative intent. Establishing appropriate surrogate endpoints for overall survival (OS) may permit more rapid evaluation and approval of new agents for aggressive NHL. Treatment failure endpoints including event-free survival (EFS) or progression-free survival (PFS) permit earlier reporting of results, but their ability to predict OS is unknown. The purpose of this study is to correlate different efficacy endpoints with the goal of identifying an appropriate surrogate endpoint for OS. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of previously untreated aggressive histology NHL published between 1990-2009 were identified through a systematic literature search using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Eligible RCTs included at least 2-arms comparing different systemic treatments with ≥100 patients/arm. Studies investigating the effect of autologous stem-cell transplant and those exclusively involving T-cell lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma or HIV-associated lymphoma were excluded. Baseline characteristics, design, treatment arms, efficacy endpoints, and results were extracted from each published RCT. Reported survival endpoints were defined as PFS, EFS, or OS according to established (ie: per protocol) definitions in the International Working Group Revised Response Criteria for Lymphoma. Absolute differences in efficacy endpoints were determined and nonparametric Spearman rank correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the association between differences in: 1) CR and each of EFS, PFS and OS and 2) EFS or PFS and OS. Results Thirty-eight RCTs were identified representing 85 treatment arms and 16,103 patients. The median follow up was 55 months (range 20-108). The most commonly used primary endpoint was OS (55%) followed by EFS (32%), but use of CR as a primary endpoint was infrequent (5%). Differences in CR strongly correlated with differences in 3-yr EFS with a Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.57 to 0.97). The Spearman rank correlation coefficients between differences in CR and differences in 3-yr PFS and 5-yr OS were 0.62 (95% CI: 0.21 to 0.84) and 0.50 (95% CI, 0.23 to 0.74), respectively. Differences in intermediate endpoints, 3-yr PFS or EFS, were high correlated with differences in 5 yr OS with a Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.90 (95%CI, 0.73-0.96). Similarly strong correlations were noted when 3-yr PFS and 3-yr EFS were each correlated with 5-yr OS separately. Linear regression determined that a 10% improvement in CR is estimated to correspond with a 9±1% improvement in 3-yr EFS and that a 10% improvement in 3-yr EFS or PFS would predict for a 7±1% improvement in 5-yr OS. Conclusions In RCTs of initial treatment for aggressive NHL, improvements in 3-yr EFS/PFS are highly correlated with improvements in 5-yr OS. Changes in CR rates are a strong predictor for changes in 3-yr EFS, but not for changes in 5-yr OS. This may inform future trial design since EFS or PFS appear to be appropriate surrogate endpoints for OS in this patient population. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

About the improving the technique of timber products quality assessment

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-178
Author(s):  
Задраускайте ◽  
Natalya Zadrauskayte ◽  
Гузенко ◽  
Natal'ya Guzenko
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Timber Products

In the study 100 boards of each cross-section have been measured with their subsequent certification and calculating the Spearman rank correlation coefficients on the principle “each with each”. Further data processing showed the existence of interdependencies between the location of defects on various sides of the timber cross-section. As a result of the research, data has been obtained allowing to change the current approach to sorting timber and to base normalization and quality assessment not on all four sides of timber, as being currently sorted, but only on one face and one edge.

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