ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE INSEGURANÇA ALIMENTAR E CONSUMO ALIMENTAR DE IDOSOS ASSISTIDOS POR UMA ESTRATÉGIA DE SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA DO INTERIOR PAULISTA

The aim was to verify the association between food insecurity (FI) and food consumption of elderly people assisted by a Family Health Strategy (FHE). Sixteen elderly people, of both sexes, with a mean age of 69.13 years and BMI of 29.23 kg/m2 were evaluated. The Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale, food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour food recall were used. Weight and height were taken from the patients' records. It was observed that 37.5% of the elderly were in mild AI, 31.25% in moderate AI, 18.75% in severe AI and only 12.5% in food security. Individuals do not consume skimmed milk and have frequent intake of eggs, sausages, margarine, refined cereals, industrialized beverages, sweets and candies. And little or no use of olive oil and whole grains. No significant association between AI and food consumption. It is concluded that there was no association between food insecurity and food consumption in elderly people assisted by an ESF.

Association between Mediterranean diet and functional status in older adults: a longitudinal study based on the Washington Heights Inwood Community Aging Project (WHICAP)

Background Current evidence on the association between Mediterranean diet (MeDi) intake and activities of daily living (ADL) is limited and inconsistent in older adults. Methods This study included 1696 participants aged ≥ 65 years in the Washington Heights-Inwood Community Aging Project (WHICAP) study. The MeDi score was calculated based on data collected from the Willett’s semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The multivariable-adjusted Cox regression model was applied to examine the association of MeDi score with risks of disability in basic (BADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL), as well as the overall ADL (B-IADL). Results 832 participants with incident ADL disability were identified over a median follow-up of 5.39 years. The continuous MeDi score was significantly associated with decreased risk of disability in B-IADL (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.91 to 0.99, p = 0.018) in a model adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, educational level, and dietary calories intake but was no longer significant after additionally adjusted for multiple comorbidities and physical activities (0.97 [0.93, 1.01], p = 0.121). The continuous MeDi score was significantly associated with decreased risk of disability in B-IADL (0.92 [0.85, 1.00], p = 0.043) and BADL (0.90 [0.82, 0.99], p = 0.030) in non-Hispanic Whites, but not in non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics (p > 0.05 for all). Conclusions Higher MeDi score was associated with decreased risk of ADL disability, particularly in non-Hispanic Whites.

Validity and Reliability of Semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaires for Assessing Nutrient Intake among Preschool Children in Northwest China

Background. Considering the lack of valid and reliable food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) for nutritional epidemiological studies in China, it is necessary to develop an effective one for assessing nutrient intake among preschool children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of newly developed FFQs for assessing food and nutrient intakes among preschool children in Northwest China. Methods. Semiquantitative 67-item FFQs were developed and validated. In total, 326 children (aged 2–6 years) were recruited from three different cities in Northwest China. All subjects were asked to complete the FFQs twice with a six-month interval period for test-retest reliability. Apart from the FFQs, a 3-day food record (3-DFR) was also carried out to evaluate the validity of the FFQs. Results. There was no significant difference in the nutrient intakes of preschool children between the two FFQs ( P > 0.05 ), and these two FFQs demonstrated a positive correlation ( P < 0.05 ). Spearman’s coefficient correlation values ranged from 0.222 (“Selenium”) to 0.832 (“Energy”). The intraclass correlation coefficient values ranged from 0.282 (“Selenium”) to 0.882 (“Energy”). With regards to the validity of FFQs, nutrient intakes from FFQs were greater than 3DR dietary recalls ( P < 0.05 ). After adjusting for total energy and intraindividual variation, all nutrient intakes showed a positive correlation ( P < 0.05 ), and these correlations became stronger. According to the quartiles of nutrient intakes, the exact agreement between the FFQs and 3DR dietary recalls ranged between 40% (“Selenium”) and 70% (“Energy”), and grossly misclassified was low (12.5%). Conclusions. The findings of this study indicate that the designed FFQs exhibit good test-retest reliability and moderate relative validity. Hence, the FFQs can serve as an important tool for the large-scale assessment of food and nutrient intakes among preschool children (in the mentioned areas of China).

Comparison of Routine Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis in Arab and Lor Patients

Background: The awareness of the risk factors of atherosclerosis and attempts to correct and control them can effectively reduce the risk of complications. Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the risk factors for routine atherosclerosis in patients with symptoms of heart disease in the Arab race, compared to those of Lor patients. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 200 patients with symptoms of heart disease. A food frequency questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: Out of 200 patients, 101 (51.5%) and 99 (48.5%) participants were Lor and Arab, respectively. Significant differences were observed between the two races for cholesterol and fasting blood sugar levels (P < 0.05). Additionally, no significant difference was observed between different quarters of following dietary patterns and lipid-glucose factors (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, are multifactorial. Various factors can effectively affect the prevalence of this disease in each region, which necessitates the identification of risk factors to take steps to correct risk factors and improve the quality of patients’ life.

Dampak Pola Makan Kariogenik pada Remaja Awal

Pola makan adalah faktor risiko modifikasi yang berkontribusi secara tidak langsung terhadap karies gigi. Potensi kariogenik tinggi pada makanan dapat meningkatkan risiko demineralisasi enamel. Asupan nutrisi yang memadai dapat meningkatkan perlindungan tubuh atas gangguan ekologi rongga mulut. Ketidakseimbangan mikroba rongga mulut yang terjadi berisiko menjadi port de entry mikroorganisme patogen ke organ tubuh lain akibat infeksi gigi. Tanggalnya gigi sulung terakhir dalam masa peralihan gigi geligi permanen terjadi pada usia 11-13 tahun. Manifestasi klinis karies gigi yang tampak pada anak dan remaja merupakan gambaran kumulatif atas multifaktorial penyebab penyakit. Di antara faktor kontributornya adalah substrat makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi makanan kariogenik dan asupan nutrisi terhadap karies permanen pada remaja awal usia 13 tahun. Sejumlah 37 murid satu SMP diwawancara dengan metode synchronous online dan dianalisis secara cross sectional. Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) disebar melalui telesurvei. Dihasilkan rerata DMF-T kelompok = 1,62 (kategori rendah). Terdapat korelasi signifikan berkekuatan sedang ( r = 0,539 ; p = 0,001) arah positif antara pola makan kariogenik dan karies. Tidak ada korelasi signifikan antara asupan makanan sehat 4 kelompok dan karies ( r = 0,023 ; p = 0,894).

Dietary Intake in the Lifelines Cohort Study: Baseline Results from the Flower Food Frequency Questionnaire among 59,982 Participants

The role of nutrition in health and disease is well established. However, more research on this topic is needed to fill gaps in our current knowledge. The Lifelines cohort study, a large Dutch prospective cohort study, was established as a resource for international researchers, aiming to obtain insight into the aetiology of healthy ageing. The study started with 167,729 participants, covering three generations, aiming to follow them for thirty years. This article describes the habitual dietary intake, assessed using the Flower Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), among Lifelines cohort study participants at baseline, stratified by sex and different categories of age, socioeconomic status (SES) and body mass index (BMI). A total of 59,982 adults (23,703 men and 36,279 women), who completed the Flower FFQ and reported plausible habitual dietary intake, were included in the analyses. Median daily energy intake was higher in men (2368 kcal) than in women (1848 kcal), as well as macronutrient intake. Energy and macronutrient intake decreased with increasing age and BMI categories; no differences were observed between SES categories. Intake of most micronutrients was higher in men than in women. Differences were observed between age categories, but not between SES and BMI categories. Food groups were consumed in different amounts by men and women; differences between age, SES and BMI categories were observed as well. The Lifelines cohort study provides extensive dietary intake data, which are generalisable to the general Dutch population. As such, highly valuable dietary intake data are available to study associations between dietary intake and the development of chronic diseases and healthy aging.

Distinct Nutrient Intake Style in Inhabitants of Ultra-High-Altitude Areas in North of Tibet, China: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Newly Developed Tibetan Food Frequency Questionnaires

Dietary pattern is quite distinct among the inhabitants of high-altitude areas because of environmental and geographical uniqueness; hence, it is important to investigate this data as accurately as possible. However, very few data are related to these populations up to now. Based on the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) used in the Chinese population, a revised Tibetan edition was developed with respect to the lifestyle in high-altitude areas. After assessment of validity and reproducibility, a nutrition intake survey was conducted among 1,071 randomly sampled Tibetan people. In addition, the Bland–Altman approach was used to compare the agreement between the two dietary tools. For the reproducibility analysis, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to examine the agreement of food groups and nutrients from the two FFQs (FFQ1 and FFQ2). Nutrient intake was calculated using food composition tables. For the validity analysis, Pearson's correlation of food groups intakes varied from 0.22 to 0.91 (unadjusted). The correlations of nutrients ranged from 0.24 to 0.76 (unadjusted). In the analysis of reliability, the ICC of food groups varied from 0.27 to 0.70 (unadjusted). The ICC of nutrient intakes ranged from 0.22 to 0.87 (unadjusted). The results of nutritional analysis showed that ~25% of foods consumed frequently were traditional Tibetan foods. However, traditional Han foods were frequently consumed. In addition, the energy, iron, and protein intakes for male or female subjects were close to the Chinese Dietary Nutrient Reference Intake (Chinese DRIs); however, fat and sodium intakes were significantly higher than the Chinese DRIs. Interestingly, lower intakes of other types of nutrition, such as vitamin C were detected in people living in high-altitude areas. Our data indicated that excess consumption of fat and sodium and insufficient intake of vitamin C were common among Tibetan people, as compared with the most Chinese people living in the plateau areas. More investigations are needed to reveal the association between the food intake style and high-altitude endemic diseases.