META-ANALYSIS OF THE AGE-ASSOCIATED DECLINE IN MAXIMAL AEROBIC CAPACITY IN MEN: RELATION TO HABITUAL AEROBIC EXERCISE STATUS

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S385
Author(s):  
T. M. Wilson ◽  
D. R. Seals ◽  
H. Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Exercise Status

Age-related declines in maximal aerobic capacity in regularly exercising vs. sedentary women: a meta-analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret D. Fitzgerald ◽  
Hirofumi Tanaka ◽  
Zung V. Tran ◽  
Douglas R. Seals
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Sedentary Women ◽  
Exercise Status

Fitzgerald, Margaret D., Hirofumi Tanaka, Zung V. Tran, and Douglas R. Seals. Age-related declines in maximal aerobic capacity in regularly exercising vs. sedentary women: a meta-analysis. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(1): 160–165, 1997.—Our purpose was to determine the relationship between habitual aerobic exercise status and the rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity across the adult age range in women. A meta-analytic approach was used in which mean maximal oxygen consumption (V˙o 2 max) values from female subject groups (ages 18–89 yr) were obtained from the published literature. A total of 239 subject groups from 109 studies involving 4,884 subjects met the inclusion criteria and were arbitrarily separated into sedentary (groups = 107; subjects = 2,256), active (groups = 69; subjects = 1,717), and endurance-trained (groups = 63; subjects = 911) populations.V˙o 2 max averaged 29.7 ± 7.8, 38.7 ± 9.2, and 52.0 ± 10.5 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1, respectively, and was inversely related to age within each population ( r = −0.82 to −0.87, all P < 0.0001). The rate of decline inV˙o 2 max with increasing subject group age was lowest in sedentary women (−3.5 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1⋅ decade−1), greater in active women (−4.4 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1⋅ decade−1), and greatest in endurance-trained women (−6.2 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1 ⋅ decade−1) (all P < 0.001 vs. each other). When expressed as percent decrease from mean levels at age ∼25 yr, the rates of decline inV˙o 2 max were similar in the three populations (−10.0 to −10.9%/decade). There was no obvious relationship between aerobic exercise status and the rate of decline in maximal heart rate with age. The results of this cross-sectional study support the hypothesis that, in contrast to the prevailing view, the rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age is greater, not smaller, in endurance-trained vs. sedentary women. The greater rate of decline inV˙o 2 max in endurance-trained populations may be related to their higher values as young adults (baseline effect) and/or to greater age-related reductions in exercise volume; however, it does not appear to be related to a greater rate of decline in maximal heart rate with age.

Meta-analysis of the age-associated decline in maximal aerobic capacity in men: relation to training status

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (3) ◽  
pp. H829-H834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa M. Wilson ◽  
Hirofumi Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Exercise Status

Based on cross-sectional data, we recently reported that, in contrast to the prevailing view, the rate of decline in maximal oxygen consumption (V˙o 2 max) with age is greater in physically active compared with sedentary healthy women. We tested this hypothesis in men using a meta-analytic study ofV˙o 2 max values in the published literature. A total of 242 studies (538 subject groups and 13,828 subjects) met the inclusion criteria and were arbitrarily separated into sedentary (214 groups, 6,231 subjects), active (159 groups, 5,621 subjects), and endurance-trained (165 groups, 1,976 subjects) populations. Body fat percent increased with age in sedentary and active men ( P < 0.001), whereas no change was observed in endurance-trained men.V˙o 2 max was inversely and strongly related to age within each population ( r = −0.80 to −0.88, all P < 0.001) and was highest in endurance-trained and lowest in sedentary populations at any age. Absolute rates of decline inV˙o 2 max with age were not different ( P > 0.05) in sedentary (−4.0 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1 ⋅ decade−1), active (−4.0), and endurance-trained (−4.6) populations. Similarly, there were no group differences ( P > 0.05) in the relative (%) rates of decline inV˙o 2 max with advancing age (−8.7, −7.3, and −6.8%/decade, respectively). Maximal heart rate was inversely related to age within each population ( r = −0.88 to −0.93, all P < 0.001), but the rate of age-related reduction was not different among the populations. There was a significant decline in running mileage and speed with advancing age in the endurance-trained men. The present cross-sectional meta-analytic findings do not support the hypothesis that the rate of decline inV˙o 2 max with age is related to habitual aerobic exercise status in men.

Greater rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age in endurance-trained than in sedentary men

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 2406-2413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie E. Pimentel ◽  
Christopher L. Gentile ◽  
Hirofumi Tanaka ◽  
Douglas R. Seals ◽  
Phillip E. Gates
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Marked Decline ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Exercise Status ◽  
Percent Decrease

To determine the relation between habitual endurance exercise status and the age-associated decline in maximal aerobic capacity [i.e., maximal O2consumption (V˙o2 max)] in men, we performed a well-controlled cross-sectional laboratory study on 153 healthy men aged 20–75 yr: 64 sedentary and 89 endurance trained.V˙o2 max(ml · kg−1· min−1), measured by maximal treadmill exercise, was inversely related to age in the endurance-trained ( r = −0.80) and sedentary ( r = −0.74) men but was higher in the endurance-trained men at any age. The rate of decline inV˙o2 maxwith age (ml · kg−1· min−1) was greater ( P < 0.001) in the endurance-trained than in the sedentary men. Whereas the relative rate of decline inV˙o2 max(percent decrease per decade from baseline levels in young adulthood) was similar in the two groups, the absolute rate of decline inV˙o2 maxwas −5.4 and −3.9 ml · kg−1· min−· decade−1in the endurance-trained and sedentary men, respectively.V˙o2 maxdeclined linearly across the age range in the sedentary men but was maintained in the endurance-trained men until ∼50 yr of age. The accelerated decline inV˙o2 maxafter 50 yr of age in the endurance-trained men was related to a decline in training volume ( r = 0.46, P < 0.0001) and was associated with an increase in 10-km running time ( r = −0.84, P < 0.0001). We conclude that the rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity during middle and older age is greater in endurance-trained men than in their sedentary peers and is associated with a marked decline in O2pulse.

scholarly journals Cerebrovascular reactivity is associated with maximal aerobic capacity in healthy older adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 114 (10) ◽  
pp. 1383-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill N. Barnes ◽  
Jennifer L. Taylor ◽  
Breann N. Kluck ◽  
Christopher P. Johnson ◽  
Michael J. Joyner
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Cerebrovascular Reactivity ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Aging Adults

Recently, several high-impact reviews suggest that regular aerobic exercise is beneficial for maintaining cognitive function in aging adults. Higher cerebral blood flow and/or cerebrovascular reactivity may explain the favorable effect of exercise on cognition. In addition, prostaglandin-mediated vasodilator responses may be influenced by regular exercise. Therefore, our purpose was to evaluate middle cerebral artery (MCA) vasodilator responses in healthy adults before and after cyclooxygenase inhibition. A total of 16 young (26 ± 6 yr; 8 males, 8 females) and 13 older (64 ± 6 yr; 7 males, 6 females) healthy adults participated in the study. Aerobic fitness was determined by maximal aerobic capacity (V̇o2max) on a cycle ergometer. MCA velocity (MCAv) was measured at baseline and during stepped hypercapnia (2%, 4%, and 6% FiCO2) before and after cyclooxygenase inhibition using indomethacin. To account for differences in blood pressure, cerebrovascular conductance index (CVCi) was calculated as MCAv/mean arterial pressure. Cerebrovascular reactivity slopes were calculated from the correlation between either MCAv or CVCi and end-tidal CO2. Young adults demonstrated greater MCAv reactivity (1.61 ± 0.17 vs. 1.06 ± 0.15 cm·s−1·mmHg−1; P < 0.05) and CVCi reactivity (0.015 ± 0.002 vs. 0.007 ± 0.002 cm·s−1·mmHg−1; P < 0.05) compared with the older adults. There was no association between cerebrovascular reactivity and V̇o2max in the combined group of subjects; however, in older adults MCAv reactivity was correlated with maximal aerobic fitness ( r = 0.64; P < 0.05). Furthermore, the change in MCAv reactivity (between baseline and indomethacin trials) was also associated with V̇o2max ( r = 0.59; P < 0.05) in older adults. Cerebral vasodilator responses to hypercapnia were associated with maximal aerobic capacity in healthy older adults. These results may explain the physiological link between regular aerobic exercise and improved cognitive function in aging adults.

scholarly journals Habitual aerobic exercise and circulating proteomic patterns in healthy adults: relation to indicators of healthspan

2018 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 1646-1659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica R. Santos-Parker ◽  
Keli S. Santos-Parker ◽  
Matthew B. McQueen ◽  
Christopher R. Martens ◽  
Douglas R. Seals
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Correlation Network ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Exercise Status ◽  
Weighted Correlation

Habitual aerobic exercise enhances physiological function and reduces risk of morbidity and mortality throughout life, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. The circulating proteome reflects the intricate network of physiological processes maintaining homeostasis and may provide insight into the molecular transducers of the health benefits of physical activity. In this exploratory study, we assessed the plasma proteome (SOMAscan proteomic assay; 1,129 proteins) of healthy sedentary or aerobic exercise-trained young women and young and older men ( n = 47). Using weighted correlation network analysis to identify clusters of highly co-expressed proteins, we characterized 10 distinct plasma proteomic modules (patterns). In healthy young (24 ± 1 yr) men and women, 4 modules were associated with aerobic exercise status and 1 with participant sex. In healthy young and older (64 ± 2 yr) men, 5 modules differed with age, but 2 of these were partially preserved at young adult levels in older men who exercised; among all men, 4 modules were associated with exercise status, including 3 of the 4 identified in young adults. Exercise-linked proteomic patterns were related to pathways involved in wound healing, regulation of apoptosis, glucose-insulin and cellular stress signaling, and inflammation/immune responses. Importantly, several of the exercise-related modules were associated with physiological and clinical indicators of healthspan, including diastolic blood pressure, insulin resistance, maximal aerobic capacity, and vascular endothelial function. Overall, these findings provide initial insight into circulating proteomic patterns modulated by habitual aerobic exercise in healthy young and older adults, the biological processes involved, and their relation to indicators of healthspan. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to assess the relation between plasma proteomic patterns and aerobic exercise status in healthy adults. Weighted correlation network analysis identified 10 distinct proteomic modules, including 5 patterns specific for exercise status. Additionally, 5 modules differed with aging in men, two of which were preserved in older exercising men. Exercise-associated modules included proteins related to inflammation, stress pathways, and immune function and correlated with clinical and physiological indicators of healthspan.

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