Using Spatial Regression Methods to Examine the Association Between County-Level Racial/Ethnic Composition and Reported Cases of Chlamydia and Gonorrhea: An Illustration With Data From the State of Texas

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 657-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwame Owusu-Edusei ◽  
Harrell W. Chesson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Regression ◽  
The State ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
County Level ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Racial Ethnic

scholarly journals Spatial regression methods to evaluate beekeeping production in the state of Rio de Janeiro

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 553-558
Author(s):  
W.S. Tassinari ◽  
M.C. Lorenzon ◽  
E.L. Peixoto
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Spatial Regression ◽  
The State ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Wild Vegetation

Brazilian beekeeping has been developed from the africanization of the honeybees and its high performance launches Brazil as one of the world´s largest honey producer. The Southeastern region has an expressive position in this market (45%), but the state of Rio de Janeiro is the smallest producer, despite presenting large areas of wild vegetation for honey production. In order to analyze the honey productivity in the state of Rio de Janeiro, this research used classic and spatial regression approaches. The data used in this study comprised the responses regarding beekeeping from 1418 beekeepers distributed throughout 72 counties of this state. The best statistical fit was a semiparametric spatial model. The proposed model could be used to estimate the annual honey yield per hive in regions and to detect production factors more related to beekeeping. Honey productivity was associated with the number of hives, wild swarm collection and losses in the apiaries. This paper highlights that the beekeeping sector needs support and help to elucidate the problems plaguing beekeepers, and the inclusion of spatial effects in the regression models is a useful tool in geographical data.

The Prevalence of Ethnic, Cultural, and Folk Nonprofit Organizations in Increasingly Diverse Communities: A Case of Demand Heterogeneity

2021 ◽  
pp. 089976402110072
Author(s):  
Mirae Kim ◽  
Stephanie Potochnick ◽  
Kate Olson
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
National Origin ◽  
County Level ◽  
Community Factors ◽  
Diverse Communities ◽  
Hispanic Populations ◽  
Government Data ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Building on the nonprofit density literature, we examine county-level factors that are linked to the growth of ethnic, cultural, and folk (ECF) nonprofits, a vital but often overlooked subfield of nonprofits. We draw county-level nonprofit, demographic, socioeconomic, and government data from 1995 to 2015 to examine how community factors, particularly immigrant and racial/ethnic composition, are associated with the number of ECFs. We pay particular attention to the influence of Asian and Hispanic populations, the two largest U.S. immigrant groups, and run national-origin subanalyses. Results suggest that ECFs have increased in counties experiencing new immigrant population growth. However, our study suggests that the growth in ECFs has not been evenly distributed across racial/ethnic groups, and there are important national-origin disparities among Asians and Hispanics. We conclude with a discussion of the importance of attending to how ECFs can support the needs of different racial/ethnic groups to better integrate U.S. communities.

scholarly journals Money Talks: Cross-ethnic Patronage and Ethnic Conflict in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuyu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
The State ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Heterogeneous Reactions ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
County Level ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts

Abstract Elites within a particular minority out-group in autocracies typically exhibit fairly heterogeneous reactions to the ethnic group in power. The usual result is intra-group variations in the propensity to participate in ethnic conflict. To explain these within-group differences, I highlight the importance of cross-ethnic patronage, which refers to patronage allocated by the ethnic group in power to minority out-group elites. The state can use cross-ethnic patronage to mitigate the risk of ethnic conflicts through two mechanisms. First, the sharing of government spoils at stakes gives minority elites disincentives to initiate anti-regime mobilizations, and second, this co-optation approach effectively enlists cooperative minority elites to strengthen social control. I examine my theory using original county-level fiscal and personnel data of China's Xinjiang region, including annual payrolls and the ethnic composition of over 220,000 local bureaucrats. Findings based on a dataset of ethnic conflicts in Xinjiang from 1980 to 1995 support my theoretical arguments.

Men Who have Sex with Men: Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Estimated HIV/AIDS Prevalence at the State and County Level, Florida

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer Lieb ◽  
Paul Arons ◽  
Daniel R. Thompson ◽  
Alberto M. Santana ◽  
Thomas M. Liberti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The State ◽  
County Level ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Hiv Aids

The State of Asian American Businesses

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Diem Tran ◽  
OiYan Poon
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Asian American ◽  
The State ◽  
Business Success ◽  
American Business ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Business Ownership ◽  
Careful Scrutiny ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Business success is a dominant theme in the Asian American narrative. However, Asian American entrepreneurship is more complex and multilayered than commonly believed and requires careful scrutiny. This brief examines the state of Asian American business ownership between 2005 and 2007. Findings suggest that although Asian Americans form businesses at higher rates than other racial/ethnic minorities, Asian American business ownership and outcomes continue to trail those of non-Hispanic whites. Potential factors contributing to racial/ethnic gaps and policy recommendations are discussed.

Spatiotemporal clustering, social inequities and the risk of leptospirosis in an endemic area of Brazil: a retrospective spatial modelling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katyucia O C de Souza ◽  
José Augusto P Góes ◽  
Matheus S Melo ◽  
Paula M G Leite ◽  
Lucas A Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Regression ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Social Inequities

Abstract Background Leptospirosis is an endemic disease in Brazil of social and economic relevance related to behavioural and socioenvironmental factors. This study aimed to analyse the spatiotemporal distribution of the incidence of leptospirosis and its association with social determinants in health in a state of northeastern Brazil. Methods An ecological study of temporal series with techniques of spatial analysis using secondary data of the cases of leptospirosis notified in the Information System of Notifiable Diseases of the state of Sergipe (2008–2017) was conducted. The analysis of temporal trends was performed using Poisson regression. Spatial analyses were performed using the Moran index, the local empirical Bayesian model, scan statistics and spatial regression. Results The incidence rate decreased from 3.66 to 1.44 cases per 100 000 inhabitants in 2008 and 2017, respectively. Leptospirosis was associated with social inequities, mostly affecting males aged 20–49 y living in urban areas. The space-time scan indicated the formation of a risk cluster in municipalities in the metropolitan region of the state. Conclusions The data indicated the persistence of leptospirosis transmission, maintaining a pattern of high endemicity in some municipalities associated with social inequities. The study showed the temporal and spatial dynamics of the disease to better target specific actions for prevention and control.

scholarly journals COVID-19-related state-wise racial and ethnic disparities across the USA: an observational study based on publicly available data from The COVID Tracking Project

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e048006
Author(s):  
Zhaoying Xian ◽  
Anshul Saxena ◽  
Zulqarnain Javed ◽  
John E Jordan ◽  
Safa Alkarawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asian American ◽  
Alaska Native ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Population Proportion ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Racial Ethnic

ObjectiveTo evaluate COVID-19 infection and mortality disparities in ethnic and racial subgroups in a state-wise manner across the USA.MethodsPublicly available data from The COVID Tracking Project at The Atlantic were accessed between 9 September 2020 and 14 September 2020. For each state and the District of Columbia, % infection, % death, and % population proportion for subgroups of race (African American/black (AA/black), Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN), and white) and ethnicity (Hispanic/Latino, non-Hispanic) were recorded. Crude and normalised disparity estimates were generated for COVID-19 infection (CDI and NDI) and mortality (CDM and NDM), computed as absolute and relative difference between % infection or % mortality and % population proportion per state. Choropleth map display was created as thematic representation proportionate to CDI, NDI, CDM and NDM.ResultsThe Hispanic population had a median of 158% higher COVID-19 infection relative to their % population proportion (median 158%, IQR 100%–200%). This was followed by AA, with 50% higher COVID-19 infection relative to their % population proportion (median 50%, IQR 25%–100%). The AA population had the most disproportionate mortality, with a median of 46% higher mortality than the % population proportion (median 46%, IQR 18%–66%). Disproportionate impact of COVID-19 was also seen in AI/AN and Asian populations, with 100% excess infections than the % population proportion seen in nine states for AI/AN and seven states for Asian populations. There was no disproportionate impact in the white population in any state.ConclusionsThere are racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 infection/mortality, with distinct state-wise patterns across the USA based on racial/ethnic composition. There were missing and inconsistently reported racial/ethnic data in many states. This underscores the need for standardised reporting, attention to specific regional patterns, adequate resource allocation and addressing the underlying social determinants of health adversely affecting chronically marginalised groups.

scholarly journals Assessing the Economic and Environmental Impacts of Alternative Renewable Portfolio Standards: Winners and Losers

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3319
Author(s):  
Jamal Mamkhezri ◽  
Leonard A. Malczynski ◽  
Janie M. Chermak
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
The State ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Renewable Portfolio Standard ◽  
County Level ◽  
Renewable Portfolio Standards ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
The Impact

State-mandated renewable portfolio standards affect substantial portions of the total U.S. electricity supply. Renewable portfolio standards are environmentally motivated policies, yet they have the potential to greatly impact economy. There is not an agreement in the literature on the impact of renewable portfolio standards policies on regional economies, especially on job creation. By integrating various methodologies including econometrics, geographic information system, and input–output analysis into a unique system dynamics model, this paper estimates the economic and environmental impacts of various renewable portfolio standards scenarios in the state of New Mexico, located in Southwestern U.S. The state is endowed with traditional fossil fuel resources and substantial renewable energy potential. In this work we estimated and compared the economic and environmental tradeoffs at the county level under three renewable portfolio standards: New Mexico’s original standard of 20% renewables, the recently adopted 100% renewables standard, and a reduced renewable standard of 10%. The final one would be a return to a more traditional generation profile. We found that while the 20% standard has the highest market-based economic impact on the state as a whole, it is not significantly different from other scenarios. However, when environmental impacts are included, the 100% standard yields the highest value. In addition, while the state level economic impacts across the three scenarios are not significantly different, the county-level impacts are substantial. This is especially important for a state like New Mexico, which has a high reliance on energy for economic development. A higher renewable portfolio standard appears to be an economic tool to stimulate targeted areas’ economic growth. These results have policy implications.

scholarly journals The Bridging Activity of Multiracial Congregations

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Edward Polson ◽  
Rachel Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Religious Congregations ◽  
Bridging Social Capital ◽  
Service Programs ◽  
Multiracial Congregations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The growing diversity of U.S. communities has led scholars to explore how racial/ethnic diversity effects social capital, civic engagement, and social trust. Less is known about the relationship between diversity and the work of community-based organizations (CBOs). In this study, we examine how the racial/ethnic composition of one ubiquitous type of CBO, religious congregations, is related to measures of organizational bridging social capital. Analyzing data collected through a census of congregations in one Midwestern county, we explore the relationship between racial/ethnic diversity and the bridging activity of religious congregations. We find that multiracial congregations are more likely to be involved with externally focused service programs, tend to support a larger number of programs, and report more interorganizational collaborators than other congregations. Our findings suggest that multiracial congregations can provide a valuable resource for increasingly diverse communities and civil society.

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