scholarly journals Fluid–particle dynamics in canalithiasis

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (27) ◽  
pp. 1215-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Obrist ◽  
Stefan Hegemann
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Dimensionless Numbers ◽  
Positional Vertigo ◽  
Linearized Model ◽  
Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

The semicircular canals (SCCs; located in the inner ear) are the primary sensors for angular motion. Angular head movements induce a fluid flow in the SCCs. This flow is detected by afferent hair cells inside the SCCs. Canalithiasis is a condition where small particles disturb this flow, which leads to benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (top-shelf vertigo). The present work investigates the interaction between the fluid flow and the particles on the basis of an idealized analytical model. Numerical solutions of the full model and a thorough analytical study of the linearized model reveal the principal mechanisms of canalithiasis. We propose a set of dimensionless numbers to characterize canalithiasis and derive explicit expressions connecting these dimensionless numbers directly to the typical clinical symptoms.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in Emergency Department: Our experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Cristiano ◽  
Vincenzo Marcelli ◽  
Antonio Giannone ◽  
Stefania De Luca ◽  
Flavia Oliva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Positional Vertigo ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
Peripheral Vertigo ◽  
Observation Period ◽  
Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

The Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) represents the first cause of peripheral vertigo in populations and it is determined by a displacement of otoconial fragments within the semicircular canals. Following the patient’s head movements, these fragments, moving by inertia, incorrectly stimulate the canals generating vertigo. The BPPV is diagnosable by observing the nystagmus that is generated in the patient following the Dix-Hallpike maneuver used for BPPV diagnosis of vertical semi-circular canal, and, following the supine head yaw test used for lateral semi-circular canal. Correctly identifying the origin of this specific peripheral vertigo, would mean to obtain a faster diagnosis and an immediate resolution of the problem for the patient. In this context, this study aims to identify precise training activities, aimed at the application of specific diagnostic maneuverers for algorithm decisions in support of medical personnel. The evaluations reported in this study refer to the data collected in the Emergency Department of the Cardarelli Hospital of Naples. The results obtained, over a six-month observation period, highlighted the advantages of the proposed procedures in terms of costs, time and number of BPPV diagnoses.

Argon laser irradiation of the semicircular canal in two patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

2002 ◽  
Vol 116 (9) ◽  
pp. 723-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuya Nomura
Keyword(s):  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Argon Laser ◽  
Laser Device ◽  
Positional Vertigo ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

The results of long-term follow-up after surgical treatment of two patients with intractable benign paroxysmal positional vertigo are reported. Argon laser irradiation of the blue-lined posterior and lateral semicircular canals in one patient, and of only the posterior canal in the other was performed seven and six years ago, respectively. Argon laser irradiation was carried out 10 times in succession three mm along the canal to occlude it. The power applied each time was 1.5.W on the dial of the laser device for 0.5.sec. Relief of vertigo was noted on the second post-irradiation day. There has been no recurrence of vertigo in these patients.

scholarly journals Persistent Upbeat Positional Nystagmus in a Patient with Bilateral Posterior Canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Akihide Ichimura ◽  
Shigeto Itani
Keyword(s):  
Supine Position ◽  
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Downbeat Nystagmus ◽  
Positional Vertigo ◽  
Head Roll ◽  
The Right ◽  
Upbeat Nystagmus ◽  
Torsional Nystagmus ◽  
Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Here, we report a patient with persistent positional upbeat nystagmus in a straight supine position with no evident abnormal central nervous system findings. A 43-year-old woman with rotatory positional vertigo and nausea visited our clinic 7 days after the onset. Initially, we observed persistent upbeat nystagmus in straight supine position with a latency of 2 s during the supine head roll test. However, an upbeat nystagmus disappeared on turning from straight to the left ear-down supine position, and while turning from the left to right ear-down position, an induced slight torsional nystagmus towards the right for >22 s was observed. In the Dix–Hallpike test, the left head-hanging position provoked torsional nystagmus towards the right for 50 s. In prone seated position, downbeat nystagmus with torsional component towards the left was observed for 45 s. Neurological examination and brain computed tomography revealed no abnormal findings. We speculated that persistent positional upbeat nystagmus in this patient was the result of canalolithiasis of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of bilateral posterior semicircular canals.

scholarly journals Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo and Occult Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Complicated after Head Trauma

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Qinghua Li ◽  
Shuangxing Hou ◽  
Hualan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Positional Vertigo ◽  
Mri Sequences ◽  
Peripheral Vertigo ◽  
Prevalent Form ◽  
Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most prevalent form of peripheral vertigo and is common in posttraumatic patients. Sometimes, posttraumatic BPPV and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) exist together. How to effectively recognize SAH especially concealed bleeding before maneuver treatment for BPPV is worth paying attention by every clinician. Presently described is a case that when there are some clinical symptoms cannot be completely explained by simple BPPV, the combination of CT and FLAIR MRI sequences are needed in the early-stage detection of acute SAH.

scholarly journals Profile analysis of patients with dizziness in a tertiary hospital in Rio Grande do Norte

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e472997586
Author(s):  
Yasmin de Medeiros Carvalho ◽  
Henrique de Paula Bedaque ◽  
Wildna Sharon Martins da Costa ◽  
Raysa Vanessa de Medeiros Freitas ◽  
Lidiane Maria de Brito Macedo Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Positional Vertigo ◽  
Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Objective: to provide a profile of patient with dizziness complaint in a terciary hospital in Rio Grande do Norte (RN). Methods: 444 medical records were analyzed in a retrospective analytical study, within a quantitative approach, divided into four groups: sex and age (1), characteristics of dizziness (2), comorbidities and risk factors (3) and findings in the physical examination (4). We assign p <0.05 as an indicator of statistical significance Results: of the 444 medical records analyzed, 367 cases were admitted for analysis, 92 of whom were male and 275 female. In addition, most of them reported spinning vertigo (78.3%), lasting for seconds (51%) without association with falling (25.7%) or loss of consciousness (9.3%). The most prevalent etiologies were, Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (33%), cochlear-vestibular dysfunction (17%) and Menière's disease (14%). Conclusions: the most frequent profile of patients with dizziness is female, in middle age (median of 52), hypertensive, and Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo is the most prevalent etiology.

scholarly journals Effect of vitamin D levels in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shweta Sawant ◽  
Taranath Nandini ◽  
Rajashree Partabad
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Rehabilitation Therapy ◽  
Positional Vertigo ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common cause of disabling vertigo with a high rate of recurrence. BPPV is the most common cause of neurotological disorder. It is caused by dislodged otoconia which fall from the utricular macula and float into the semicircular canals there by making them sensitive to gravity. It has been shown that elderly people may suffer from unrecognized, chronic BPPV. Patients with unrecognized BPPV were more likely to have reduced activity of daily living scores, to have sustained a fall in the previous 3 months and to have depression.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective study of 100 patients with clinical diagnosis of BPPV visiting Navodaya medical college and hospital between June 2019 to May 2020 were included in the study.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Patients taking both vitamin D supplementation and rehabilitation therapy improved better than patients taking rehabilitation therapy alone.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Both rehabilitation therapy and supplementation of vitamin D is helpful in patients with vitamin D deficient BPPV patients.</p>

Introduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Baloh
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Angular Acceleration ◽  
Organ Of Corti ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Linear Acceleration ◽  
Positional Vertigo ◽  
Linear Movement ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Simple Bedside ◽  
Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

The inner ear contains three major sensory receptors: the crista of the semicircular canals for sensing angular acceleration, the macule of the utricle and saccule for sensing linear acceleration, and the organ of Corti of the cochlea for sensing sound. Vertigo is an illusion of movement—usually spinning or turning but occasionally linear movement or tilt. Abnormalities of the inner ear or its connections in the brain cause an illusion of movement—vertigo. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is by far the most common cause of vertigo. Sudden violent spells of spinning are triggered by a change in position, such as turning over in bed, getting in and out of bed, and extending the head back to look up. This book tells the story of how the cause of BPPV was discovered and how a simple bedside cure was developed.

scholarly journals Efficacy of the Canalith Repositioning Procedure in Benign Paroxysmal

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Abul Mansur Md Rezaul Karim ◽  
Md Hasanuzzaman ◽  
Mohammed Abu Yusuf Chowdhury ◽  
Md Abu Tayeb
Keyword(s):  
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Positional Vertigo ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Canalith Repositioning Procedure ◽  
Group B ◽  
Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is paroxysms of vertigo occurring with certain head movements, typically looking up or turning over in bed comprising about 20% of Dizziness cases. This study was carried out to evaluate the Efficacy of canalith repositioning procedure(CRP) in BPPV. A randomized clinical trial including 80 patients with BPPV was performed Medicine & Neurology Outpatient Department, Chittagong Medical College Hospital. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group A treated by anti-vertigo drug and CRP, Group B treated by anti-vertigo drug alone. All patients were followed up in hospital at one week after & 4 weeks. The rates of effectiveness of CRP treatment and the control treatment for were 86.8% and 59.4%, respectively. There was a significant difference (27.4%) in the outcomes of the CRP & control groups (P <.05). Mean total drug use for the group A was 10 ± 1, whereas it was 30 ± 1.5 for group B, mean difference = 20 (P < .001, highly Significant). At 4 Weeks, subjective improvement and symptom free occurred in 94.7% patients in group A and 73% patients in group B (difference21.7%). Complications in the CRP group were observed in 10.6% of the patients. This study demonstrated that canalith repositioning procedure (CRP) was effective in the treatment for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo insofar as it provided faster recovery & low drug dependence. Complications of CRP were limited to 10.6% of patients.Medicine Today 2015 Vol.27(2): 23-27

Use of Vestibular Rehabilitation in the Treatment of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-939
Author(s):  
Richard A. Clendaniel
Keyword(s):  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Positional Nystagmus ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Horizontal Semicircular Canal ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Positional Vertigo ◽  
Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Purpose The purposes of this article are (a) to describe the different test procedures for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and (b) to provide guidance for the treatment of the various forms of BPPV and to discuss the efficacy of the different interventions. Conclusions While BPPV primarily occurs in the posterior semicircular canal, it is also seen in the anterior and horizontal semicircular canals. There are distinctive patterns of nystagmus that help identify the affected semicircular canal and to differentiate between cupulolithiasis and canalithiasis forms of BPPV. There is reasonable evidence to support the different treatments for both posterior and horizontal semicircular canal BPPV. Anterior semicircular canal BPPV is rare, and as a consequence, there is little evidence to support the various treatment techniques. Finally, while BPPV is generally easy to identify, there are central causes of positional nystagmus with and without vertigo, which can complicate the diagnosis of BPPV. The signs and symptoms of BPPV are contrasted with those of the central causes of positional nystagmus.

scholarly journals Bedside provocation and liberation maneuvers in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 2514183X1988189
Author(s):  
Dominik Straumann ◽  
Thomas Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Positional Vertigo ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Practical Recommendations ◽  
Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

In the majority of cases, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) originates from the posterior or horizontal semicircular canals. If performed correctly, the maneuvers that diagnose or treat canalolithiasis or cupulolithiasis are highly effective. This article describes the provocation (i.e. diagnostic) and liberation (i.e. therapeutic) maneuvers to be applied in patients with BPPV. The step-by-step descriptions of the maneuvers are supplemented by practical recommendations.

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