scholarly journals Gaseous combustion at high pressures, Part XIV. Explosions of hydrogen-air and carbonic oxide-air mixtures at initial pressures up to 1000 atmospheres

1933 ◽  
Vol 139 (837) ◽  
pp. 57-74 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Exothermic Effect ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Cooling Period ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many ◽  
Cumulative Evidence

In the previous papers of this series have been described explosions of theoretical hydrogen-air, carbonic oxide-air, etc., mixtures in spherical steel enclosures at initial pressures up to 175 atmospheres; and in 1929 our collected researches on the subject were published in a separate volume entitled “Gaseous Combustion at High Pressures,” in which their theoretical implications were fully considered in the light of the experimental evidence as a whole. Without recapitulating all the many points of interest established during the work, there was one of outstanding importance which should now be recalled, namely, the discovery, attested by an overwhelming mass of cumulative evidence, which is set forth in Chapters IX to XIII (pp. 120 to 208) of our book, of N 2 -activation in CO -O 2 -N 2 explosions at high initial pressures due to an absorption by N 2 -molecules of the radiation emitted by the burning carbonic oxide. In theoretical CO-air explosions this was marked by (i) a continuously increasing “lag” in the time taken for the attainment of maximum pressure, as the density of the medium was increased from P i - = 10 to P i - = 175 atmospheres, and (ii) a strong exothermic effect during the subsequent “cooling period ” ( without there having been any corresponding suppression of Kinetic energy during the explosion itself ), as the activated N 2 molecules slowly reverted to their normal condition. Moreover in explosions of CO-O 2 -N 2 mixtures containing oxygen in excess of that required for the complete combustion of the carbonic oxide, the so-activated nitrogen reacted with the excess of oxygen with the production of large quantities of nitric oxide.

scholarly journals Gaseous combustion at high pressures. Part II. — The explosion of hydrogen-air and carbon monoxide-air mixtures

1921 ◽  
Vol 100 (702) ◽  
pp. 67-84 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Chemical Affinity ◽  
Actual Rate ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Explosive Mixture ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Time Required

In a previous paper upon the subject, the question was propounded whether or no there is any direct relation between the actual rate at which the potential energy of an explosive mixture is transferred on explosion as sensible heat to its products and the magnitude of the chemical affinity between its combining constituents. As the result of an experimental enquiry into the matter, it was proved:– ( a ) that, whereas the affinity for oxygen of methane is at least twenty to thirty times greater than that of hydrogen, the time required for the attainment of maximum pressure in the case of the primary methane-air mixture (CH 4 + O 2 + 4N 2 ) is at least some five to eight times as long as that required in the case of the primary hydrogen-air mixture (2H 2 + O 2 + 4N 2 );

scholarly journals Gaseous combustion at high pressures.—Part VII. A spectrographic investigation of the ultra-violet radiation from carbonic oxide-oxygen (or - air) explosions

1927 ◽  
Vol 115 (770) ◽  
pp. 41-58 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressures ◽  
Initial Pressure ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Explosion Chamber ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Cooling Period ◽  
Coal Gas ◽  
Ultra Violet Radiation ◽  
Air Explosion

The radiation emitted by flames in various circumstances was not much studied until the year 1890 when R. von Helmholtz and (independently) W. H. Julius made the first systematic analyses of the quantity and quality of that emitted by the flames of hydrogen, carbonic oxide, methane and ethylene burning in air at ordinary pressures. Their work, however, does not seem to have been much noticed until, in 1907, H. L. Callendar directed attention to it in connection with the work of the British Association Com­mittee on Gaseous Explosions, which was chiefly concerned with how far radiation is responsible for what is sometimes termed “the missing pressureˮ in closed vessel explosions. In 1910 B. Hopkinson (who was assisted by W. T. David) published his measurements of the total radiation emitted during a coal-gas-air explosion at an initial pressure of one atmosphere in a closed cylindrical vessel (30 cm. × 30 cm.) and the subsequent cooling period. The explosive mixture employed was one of 15 parts coal-gas with 85 of air, such being very nearly the mixture of maximum strength consistent with complete combustion. Two comparative sets of experiments were made, namely:—(i) with the walls of the vessel highly polished, and (ii) in which they were painted with a 0·02 mm. layer of a dead-black lamp-black mixed with a little shellac. The explosion chamber was fitted with a fluorite window, outside of which was fixed a resistance-bolometer, made of a blackened platinum strip, for measuring the radiation emitted.

scholarly journals Gaseous combustion at high pressures. Part III.-The energy absorbing function and activation of nitrogen in the combustion of carbon monoxide

1923 ◽  
Vol 103 (721) ◽  
pp. 205-232
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Initial Pressure ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Large Influence ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Combustion

In the previous paper of the series* on the explosion of isothermic hydrogen-air and carbon monoxide-air mixtures in the theoretical proportions for complete combustion, at an initial pressure of 50 atmosphere it was shown- (1) that whereas in the case of hydrogen-air mixtures, the maximum pressure was always attained in about 0·005 second after the commencement of combustion, and the cooling set in almost immediately thereafter, in the case of the corresponding carbon monoxide-air mixtures, the time similarly taken for the attainment of maximum pressure was about forty times longer (namely, between 0·18 and 0·24 second), and cooling was delayed for quite an appreciable interval, showing that heat energy was still being liberated long after the maximum temperature had been reached; and (2) that the replacement, even in very small properties, of carbon monoxide bu its equivalent of hydrogen in the mixture 2CO+O 2 +4N 2 had an altogether disproportionately large influence in accelerating the rise of pressure on explosion; indeed, it seemed as though the hydrogen had imposed its own character upon the whole course of the Carbon monoxide combustion, even to the extract of suppressing the aforesaid marked evolution of heat after the attainment of maximum pressure.

The future role of the psychiatrist in Europe – a UEMS perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
M. Hermans
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Future Role ◽  
Personal Opinion ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many

SummaryThe author presents his personal opinion inviting to discussion on the possible future role of psychiatrists. His view is based upon the many contacts with psychiatrists all over Europe, academicians and everyday professionals, as well as the familiarity with the literature. The list of papers referred to is based upon (1) the general interest concerning the subject when representing ideas also worded elsewhere, (2) the accessibility to psychiatrists and mental health professionals in Germany, (3) being costless downloadable for non-subscribers and (4) for some geographic aspects (e.g. Belgium, Spain, Sweden) and the latest scientific issues, addressing some authors directly.

‘More, I prithee, more’: Melancholy, Musical Appetite and Medical Discourse in Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Iselin
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
Modern Music ◽  
Twelfth Night ◽  
The Tempest ◽  
Dramatic Text ◽  
Musical Event ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many

Pierre Iselin broaches the subject of early modern music and aims at contextualising Twelfth Night, one of Shakespeare’s most musical comedies, within the polyphony of discourses—medical, political, poetic, religious and otherwise—on appetite, music and melancholy, which circulated in early modern England. Iselin examines how these discourses interact with what the play says on music in the many commentaries contained in the dramatic text, and what music itself says in terms of the play’s poetics. Its abundant music is considered not only as ‘incidental,’ but as a sort of meta-commentary on the drama and the limits of comedy. Pinned against contemporary contexts, Twelfth Night is therefore regarded as experimenting with an aural perspective and as a play in which the genre and mode of the song, the identity and status of the addressee, and the more or less ironical distance that separates them, constantly interfere. Eventually, the author sees in this dark comedy framed by an initial and a final musical event a dramatic piece punctuated, orchestrated and eroticized by music, whose complex effects work both on the onstage and the offstage audiences. This reflection on listening and reception seems to herald an acoustic aesthetics close to that of The Tempest.

Book Review: Writing for Academic Journals Second Edition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Asrifan ◽  
Abd Ghofur
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
Professional Lives ◽  
Academic Journals ◽  
Writing For Publication ◽  
Undergraduate Level ◽  
Publish Or Perish ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many

Anyone who wants to get ahead in academic or professional life today knows that it’s a question of publish or perish. This applies to colleges, universities, and even hospital Trusts. Yet writing for publication is one of the many skills which isn’t formally taught. Once beyond undergraduate level, it’s normally assumed that you will pick up the necessary skills as you go along.Writing for Academic Journalsseeks to rectify this omission. Rowena Murray is an experienced writer on the subject (author of How to Write a Thesis and How to Survive Your Viva) and she is well aware of the time pressures people are under in their professional lives. What she has to say should be encouraging for those people in ‘new’ universities, people working in disciplines which have only recently been considered academic, and those in professions such as the health service which are under pressure to become more academic.

ARTISTIC AND AESTHETIC EDUCATION AND MUSICAL PSYCHOTHERAPY OF A SPECIALIST’S TRAINING

2020 ◽  
Vol 384 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-232
Author(s):  
P. V. Menshikov ◽  
G. K. Kassymova ◽  
R. R. Gasanova ◽  
Y. V. Zaichikov ◽  
V. A. Berezovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Practice ◽  
Piano Music ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Native Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Many ◽  
Special Meaning

A special role in the development of a pianist as a musician, composer and performer, as shown by the examples of the well-known, included in the history of art, and the most ordinary pianists, their listeners and admirers, lovers of piano music and music in general, are played by moments associated with psychotherapeutic abilities and music features. The purpose of the study is to comprehend the psychotherapeutic aspects of performing activities (using pianists as an example). The research method is a theoretical analysis of the psychotherapeutic aspects of performing activities: the study of the possibilities and functions of musical psychotherapy in the life of a musician as a “(self) psychotherapist” and “patient”. For almost any person, music acts as a way of self-understanding and understanding of the world, a way of self-realization, rethinking and overcoming life's difficulties - internal and external "blockages" of development, a way of saturating life with universal meanings, including a person in the richness of his native culture and universal culture as a whole. Art and, above all, its metaphorical nature help to bring out and realize internal experiences, provide an opportunity to look at one’s own experiences, problems and injuries from another perspective, to see a different meaning in them. In essence, we are talking about art therapy, including the art of writing and performing music - musical psychotherapy. However, for a musician, music has a special meaning, special significance. Musician - produces music, and, therefore, is not only an “object”, but also the subject of musical psychotherapy. The musician’s training includes preparing him as an individual and as a professional to perform functions that can be called psychotherapeutic: in the works of the most famous performers, as well as in the work of ordinary teachers, psychotherapeutic moments sometimes become key. Piano music and performance practice sets a certain “viewing angle” of life, and, in the case of traumatic experiences, a new way of understanding a difficult, traumatic and continuing to excite a person event, changing his attitude towards him. It helps to see something that was hidden in the hustle and bustle of everyday life or in the patterns of relationships familiar to a given culture. At the same time, while playing music or learning to play music, a person teaches to see the hidden and understand the many secrets of the human soul, the relationships of people.

Give Your Child A Chance

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-237
Author(s):  
C. ANDERSON ALDRICH
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Way

This book adds another volume to the many already published on the subject of child care. Its preface and foreword are written by Donovan J. McCune, M.D., and Norvelle C. LaMar, M.D., respectively, who endorse the author's statements. There is little in the way of advice to which I would not subscribe. In fact it is remarkable that So many pages can be filled with so much advice which is highly acceptable. Miss Turner has done a masterful job of summarizing the liberal ideas of our times. However, one begins to doubt the efficacy of any book so full of instructions without an adequate discussion of the "whys" of liberal ideas.

Psychiatrie Sociale De L'Enfant

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-378
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Child Psychiatry ◽  
Social Psychiatry ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Broad Subject ◽  
The Many

This interesting book, written in French, consists of 535 pages of which 46 are devoted to the description of the many tests now in use in psychologic work, and 33 deal with an extensive "international" bibliography on the subject of child social-psychiatry. The most important part of the book is devoted to the broad subject of child psychiatry itself which is approached through many different angles and by authors of various countries including France, Great Britain, Sweden, Belgium, Spain and Switzerland.

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