Gryllotalpicola gen. nov., with descriptions of Gryllotalpicola koreensis sp. nov., Gryllotalpicola daejeonensis sp. nov. and Gryllotalpicola kribbensis sp. nov. from the gut of the African mole cricket, Gryllotalpa africana, and reclassification of Curtobacterium ginsengisoli as Gryllotalpicola ginsengisoli comb. nov.

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (Pt_10) ◽  
pp. 2363-2370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyangmi Kim ◽  
Doo-Sang Park ◽  
Hyun-Woo Oh ◽  
Kang Hyun Lee ◽  
Dong-Ho Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mole Cricket ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Family

Strains RU-16T, RU-28, RU-04T and PU-02T were isolated from the gut of the African mole cricket, Gryllotalpa africana. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strains belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae . All four strains were most closely related to Curtobacterium ginsengisoli DCY26T (below 97 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). These isolates were Gram-stain-positive, motile (by gliding), rod-shaped and exhibited ivory-coloured colonies. Their chemotaxonomic properties included MK-11 as the major respiratory quinone, ornithine as the cell-wall diamino acid, acetyl as the acyl type of the peptidoglycan, cyclohexyl-C17 : 0 as the major fatty acid and phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol as the major polar lipids. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, we propose a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae , Gryllotalpicola gen. nov., with three novel species, Gryllotalpicola daejeonensis sp. nov. (type strain RU-04T  = KCTC 13809T  = JCM 17590T), Gryllotalpicola koreensis sp. nov. (type strain RU-16T  = KCTC 13810T  = JCM 17591T) and Gryllotalpicola kribbensis sp. nov. (type strain PU-02T  = KCTC 13808T  = JCM 17593T). Gryllotalpicola koreensis is the type species of the genus. Additionally, we propose that Curtobacterium ginsengisoli should be reclassified in the genus as Gryllotalpicola ginsengisoli comb. nov. (type strain DCY26T  = KCTC 13163T  = JCM 14773T).

scholarly journals Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov., sp. nov., a planktonic freshwater bacterium with stream-lined genome

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_9) ◽  
pp. 3254-3263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin W. Hahn ◽  
Johanna Schmidt ◽  
Sami J. Taipale ◽  
W. Ford Doolittle ◽  
Ulrike Koll
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Lake Taihu ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Family

A pure culture of an actinobacterium previously described as ‘Candidatus Rhodoluna lacicola ’ strain MWH-Ta8 was established and deposited in two public culture collections. Strain MWH-Ta8T represents a free-living planktonic freshwater bacterium obtained from hypertrophic Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu, PR China. The strain was characterized by phylogenetic and taxonomic investigations, as well as by determination of its complete genome sequence. Strain MWH-Ta8T is noticeable due to its unusually low values of cell size (0.05 µm3), genome size (1.43 Mbp), and DNA G+C content (51.5 mol%). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and RpoB sequences suggested that strain MWH-Ta8T is affiliated with the family Microbacteriaceae with Pontimonas salivibrio being its closest relative among the currently described species within this family. Strain MWH-Ta8T and the type strain of Pontimonas salivibrio shared a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 94.3 %. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain MWH-Ta8T was of type B2β (B10), containing 2,4-diaminobutyric acid as the diamino acid. The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (36.5 %), iso-C16 : 0 (16.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (15.6 %) and iso-C14 : 0 (8.9 %), and the major (>10 %) menaquinones were MK-11 and MK-12. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown glycolipids. The combined phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data clearly suggest that strain MWH-Ta8T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae , for which the name Rhodoluna lacicola gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is MWH-Ta8T ( = DSM 23834T = LMG 26932T).

Namhaeicola litoreus gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from seawater

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (Pt_9) ◽  
pp. 2163-2168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Taek Jung ◽  
Ji-Hoon Kim ◽  
So-Jung Kang ◽  
Tae-Kwang Oh ◽  
Jung-Hoon Yoon
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Type Strains

A Gram-staining-negative, non-flagellated, non-gliding and pleomorphic bacterial strain, designated DPG-25T, was isolated from seawater in a seaweed farm in the South Sea in Korea and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Strain DPG-25T grew optimally at 25 °C, at pH 7.0–7.5 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Flexirubin-type pigments were not produced. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DPG-25T formed a cluster with the type strains of Actibacter sediminis , Aestuariicola saemankumensis and Lutimonas vermicola . Strain DPG-25T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 95.3, 93.1 and 93.6 % to the type strains of Actibacter sediminis , Aestuariicola saemankumensis and L. vermicola , respectively. Strain DPG-25T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain DPG-25T were phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content was 39.9 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties and the phylogenetic distinctiveness of strain DPG-25T demonstrated that this strain is distinguishable from Actibacter sediminis , Aestuariicola saemankumensis and L. vermicola . On the basis of the data presented here, strain DPG-25T represents a novel species in a novel genus of the family Flavobacteriaceae , for which the name Namhaeicola litoreus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Namhaeicola litoreus is DPG-25T ( = KCTC 23702T  = CCUG 61485T).

scholarly journals Murimonas intestini gen. nov., sp. nov., an acetate-producing bacterium of the family Lachnospiraceae isolated from the mouse gut

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (Pt_3) ◽  
pp. 870-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoline Kläring ◽  
Sarah Just ◽  
Ilias Lagkouvardos ◽  
Laura Hanske ◽  
Dirk Haller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Family

Three strains of an anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive coccobacillus were isolated from the intestines of mice. These strains shared 100 % similarity in their 16S rRNA gene sequences, but were distantly related to any described members of the family Lachnospiraceae (<94 %). The most closely related species with names that have standing in nomenclature were Robinsoniella peoriensis , Ruminococcus gnavus , Blautia producta and Clostridium xylanolyticum . Phylogenetic relationships based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis were confirmed by partial sequencing of hsp60 genes. The use of an in-house database search pipeline revealed that the new isolates are most prevalent in bovine gut samples when compared with human and mouse samples for Ruminococcus gnavus and B. producta . All three isolated strains shared similar cellular fatty acid patterns dominated by C16 : 0 methyl ester. Differences in the proportions of C12 : 0 methyl ester, C14 : 0 methyl ester and C18 : 1 cis-11 dimethyl acetal were observed when compared with phylogenetically neighbouring species. The major short-chain fatty acid produced by strain SRB-530-5-HT was acetic acid. This strain tested positive for utilization of d-fructose, d-galacturonic acid, d-malic acid, l-alanyl l-threonine and l-glutamic acid but was negative for utilization of amygdalin, arbutin, α-d-glucose, 3-methyl d-glucose and salicin, in contrast to the type strain of the closest related species Robinsoniella peoriensis . The isolates were not able to use mannitol for growth. Based on genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we propose to create the new genus and species Murimonas intestini gen. nov., sp. nov. to accommodate the three strains SRB-530-5-HT ( = DSM 26524T = CCUG 63391T) (the type strain of Murimonas intestini), SRB-509-4-S-H ( = DSM 27577 = CCUG 64595) and SRB-524-4-S-H ( = DSM 27578 = CCUG 64594).

Lysinimonas soli gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from soil, and reclassification of Leifsonia kribbensis Dastager et al. 2009 as Lysinimonas kribbensis sp. nov., comb. nov.

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_4) ◽  
pp. 1403-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Hee Jang ◽  
Soo-Jin Kim ◽  
Tomohiko Tamura ◽  
Moriyuki Hamada ◽  
Hang-Yeon Weon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Family

A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile rod, designated strain SGM3-12T, was isolated from paddy soil in Suwon, Republic of Korea. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strain represented a novel member of the family Microbacteriaceae . The nearest phylogenetic neighbour was Leifsonia kribbensis MSL-13T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Strain SGM3-12T and Leifsonia kribbensis MSL-13T formed a distinct cluster within the family Microbacteriaceae . Strain SGM3-12T contained MK-12(H2) and MK-11(H2) as the predominant menaquinones with moderate amounts of MK-12 and MK-11; anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids (>10 % of total); and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified glycolipids as the polar lipids. The peptidoglycan type of the isolate was B1δ with l-Lys as the diagnostic cell-wall diamino acid. On the basis of these results, strain SGM3-12T represents a novel species within a new genus, for which the name Lysinimonas soli gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed (the type strain of the type species is SGM3-12T = KACC 13362T = NBRC 107106T). It is also proposed that Leifsonia kribbensis be transferred to this genus as Lysinimonas kribbensis comb. nov. (the type strain is MSL-13T = DSM 19272T = JCM 16015T = KACC 21108T = KCTC 19267T).

Methylobacterium haplocladii sp. nov. and Methylobacterium brachythecii sp. nov., isolated from bryophytes

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_9) ◽  
pp. 3287-3292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akio Tani ◽  
Nurettin Sahin
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Methylotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Gene Similarity

Pink-pigmented, facultatively methylotrophic bacteria, strains 87eT and 99bT, were isolated from the bryophytes Haplocladium microphyllum and Brachythecium plumosum, respectively. The cells of both strains were Gram-reaction-negative, motile, non-spore-forming rods. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strains 87eT and 99bT were found to be related to Methylobacterium organophilum ATCC 27886T (97.1 % and 97.7 %, respectively). Strains 87eT and 99bT showed highest 16S rRNA gene similarity to Methylobacterium gnaphalii 23eT (98.3 and 99.0 %, respectively). The phylogenetic similarities to all other species of the genus Methylobacterium with validly published names were less than 97 %. Major cellular fatty acids of both strains were C18 : 1ω7c and C18 : 0. The results of DNA–DNA hybridization, phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and cpn60 gene sequences, fatty acid profiles, whole-cell matrix-assisted, laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) analysis, and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strains 87eT and 99bT from their phylogenetically closest relatives. We propose that strains 87eT and 99bT represent novel species within the genus Methylobacterium , for which the names Methylobacterium haplocladii sp. nov. (type strain 87eT = DSM 24195T = NBRC 107714T) and Methylobacterium brachythecii sp. nov. (type strain 99bT = DSM 24105T = NBRC 107710T) are proposed.

Oceanobacillus indicireducens sp. nov., a facultative alkaliphile that reduces an indigo dye

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_4) ◽  
pp. 1437-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kikue Hirota ◽  
Kenichi Aino ◽  
Yoshinobu Nodasaka ◽  
Isao Yumoto
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Content Similarity

An indigo-reducing facultatively alkaliphilic and halophilic strain, designated strain A21T, was isolated from a fermented Polygonum indigo (Polygonum tinctorium Lour.) liquor sample aged for 4 days prepared in a laboratory. 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny suggested that strain A21T was a member of the genus Oceanobacillus with the closest relative being the type strain of Oceanobacillus chironomi (similarity: 96.0 %). The cells of the isolate stained Gram-positive and were facultatively anaerobic straight rods that were motile by peritrichous flagella. The strain grew between 18 and 48 °C with optimum growth at 39 °C. It grew in the pH range of 7–12. It hydrolysed casein, gelatin and Tween 20 but not Tweens 40, 60 and 80, starch or DNA. No isoprenoid quinone was detected and the DNA G+C content was 39.7 mol%. The whole-cell fatty acid profile mainly consisted of iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments with O. chironomi revealed 13 % relatedness. Owing to the differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and DNA–DNA relatedness data from reported Oceanobacillus species, the isolate merits classification as a representative of a novel species, for which the name Oceanobacillus indicireducens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is A21T ( = JCM 17251T  = NCIMB 14685T). The description of the genus Oceanobacillus is also emended.

Flavihalobacter algicola gen. nov. sp. nov., a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae with alginate-degradation activity, isolated from marine alga Saccharina japonica

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Yin ◽  
Yan-Jun Yi ◽  
Zhuo Chen ◽  
Guan-Jun Chen ◽  
Yan-Xia Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Marine Alga ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Family

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, yellow, non-motile, rod-shaped and alginate-degrading bacterium, designated Dm15T, was isolated from marine alga collected in Weihai, PR China. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Dm15T represents a distinct line of the family Flavobacteriaceae . Strain Dm15T had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to its closest phylogenetic neighbour Arcticiflavibacter luteus (96.7 %) and 93.7–96.4 % sequence similarity to other phylogenetic neighbours ( Bizionia paragorgiae , Winogradskyella thalassocola , Ichthyenterobacterium magnum , Psychroserpens burtonensis and Arcticiflavibacter luteus ) in the family Flavobacteriaceae . The novel isolate was able to grow at 10–40 °C (optimum, 30–33 °C), pH 7.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0–7.5) and with 0.5–6.0 % NaCl (optimum 2.0–3.0 %, w/v). It could grow at 40 °C, and degrade alginate and cellulose, which were different from the neighbour genera. The draft genome consisted of 3395 genes with a total length of 3 798 431 bp and 34.1mol% G+C content. Especially, there were some specific genes coding for cellulase and alginate lyase, which provided a basis for the above phenotypic characteristics. The strain's genome sequence showed 71.1–80.2 % average amino acid identity values and 71.8–77.7 % average nucleotide identity values compared to the type strains of related genera within the family Flavobacteriaceae . It shared digital DNA–DNA hybridization identity of 19.8 and 20.9 % with I. magnum and A. luteus , respectively. The sole menaquinone was MK-6. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1 G. The polar lipids included six unidentified polar lipids, four unidentified aminolipids and phosphatidylethanolamine. Based on the results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain Dm15T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Flavobacteriaceae , phylum Bacteroidetes , for which the name Flavihalobacter algicola gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Dm15T (KCTC 42256T=CICC 23815T).

Microbacterium chengjingii sp. nov. and Microbacterium fandaimingii sp. nov., isolated from bat faeces of Hipposideros and Rousettus species

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Zhou ◽  
Yuyuan Huang ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Xin-He Lai ◽  
Dong Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Pr China

Four aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped bacteria (HY60T, HY54, HY82T and HY89) were isolated from bat faeces of Hipposideros and Rousettus species collected in PR China. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the four novel strains formed two separate but adjacent subclades close to Microbacterium agarici CGMCC 1.12260T (97.6–97.7 % similarity), Microbacterium humi JCM 18706T (97.3–97.5 %) and Microbacterium lindanitolerans JCM 30493T (97.3–97.4 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was 98.3 % between strains HY60T and HY82T, and identical within strain pairs HY60T/HY54 and HY82T/HY89. The DNA G+C contents of strains HY60T and HY82T were 61.9 and 63.3 mol%, respectively. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between each novel strain and their closest relatives were all below the 70 % and 95–96 % thresholds for species delimitation, respectively. All four novel strains contained anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0 as the main fatty acids, MK-11 and MK-12 as the major respiratory quinones, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified glycolipid as the predominant polar lipids. The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of B type and contained alanine, glutamate, glycine and ornithine. The acyl type of the muramic acid was glycolyl. The whole-cell sugars were rhamnose and ribose. Based on the foregoing polyphasic analyses, it was concluded that the four uncharacterized strains represented two novel species of the genus Microbacterium , for which the names Microbacterium chengjingii sp. nov. [type strain HY60T (=CGMCC 1.17468T=GDMCC 1.1951T=KACC 22102T)] and Microbacterium fandaimingii sp. nov. [type strain HY82T (=CGMCC 1.17469T=GDMCC 1.1949T=KACC 22101T)] are proposed, respectively.

Ilumatobacter nonamiense sp. nov. and Ilumatobacter coccineum sp. nov., isolated from seashore sand

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_9) ◽  
pp. 3404-3408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuko Matsumoto ◽  
Hiroaki Kasai ◽  
Yoshihide Matsuo ◽  
Yoshikazu Shizuri ◽  
Natsuko Ichikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Seashore Sand ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

Bacterial strains YM16-303T and YM16-304T were isolated from a sample of seashore sand using a medium with an artificial seawater base. Both isolates grew slowly on marine agar, and were found to be Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glycine, alanine and hydroxyglutamic acid, and the acyl type of the muramic acid was glycolyl. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H8). The 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains YM16-303T and YM16-304T were most similar to that of Ilumatobacter fluminis YM22-133T, and phylogenetic analyses also indicated that they belong to the genus Ilumatobacter . Ilumatobacter fluminis YM22-133T and strains YM16-303T and YM16-304T should be classified as distinct species in the genus Ilumatobacter , however, since the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between them was low and the major cellular fatty acids and some physiological properties were different. Moreover, average nucleotide identity and maximal unique exact matches index values also supported the conclusion that they represent different species. On the basis of the above analyses, two novel species, Ilumatobacter nonamiense sp. nov. (type strain YM16-303T = NBRC 109120T = KCTC 29139T) and Ilumatobacter coccineum sp. nov. (type strain YM16-304T = NBRC 103263T = KCTC 29153T), are proposed. The order Acidimicrobiales , which contains the genus Ilumatobacter , currently includes six genera and only six species, and they are phylogenetically very far from each other. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that strains YM16-303T and YM16-304T clustered with closely related uncultured actinobacteria but not Ilumatobacter fluminis YM22-133T, suggesting that many uncultured bacteria related to these isolates exist in the environment. This is the first report on interspecies relationships in the order Acidimicrobiales .

scholarly journals Description of Azotobacter chroococcum subsp. isscasi subsp. nov. isolated from paddy soil and establishment of Azotobacter chroococcum subsp. chroococcum subsp. nov.

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 2124-2131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyang Jin ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Yanhui Zhang ◽  
Tianlong Hu ◽  
Zhibin Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Azotobacter Chroococcum ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type

Three aerobic, asymbiotic, N2-fixing bacterial strains, designated P205T, P204 and P207, were isolated from a paddy soil in Yanting County, China. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, the three strains were closely related to Azotobacter chroococcum IAM 12666T (=ATCC 9043T) (99.00–99.79 % similarities). Strain P205T formed an individual branch distinct from the other two newly isolated strains and other related type strains in phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and 92 core genes. The average nucleotide identity (ANI), average amino acid identity (AAI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values based on genome sequences of strain P205T and A. chroococcum ATCC 9043T, P204, P207 were near or slightly higher than the thresholds for species circumscription (95–96, 95–96 and 70 %, respectively), and the dDDH values were significantly lower than the threshold for delineating subspecies (79–80 %), which strongly supported that strain P205T belonged to A. chroococcum but was a novel subspecies distinct from the type strain of A. chroococcum . This finding was further corroborated by distinct phenotypic characteristics such as growth in Luria–Bertani (LB) medium, carbon source utilization and chemical sensitivity to vancomycin. Therefore, strain P205T represents a novel subspecies of Azotobacter chroococcum , for which the name Azotobacter chroococcum subsp. isscasi subsp. nov. is proposed with the type strain P205T (=KCTC 72233T=CGMCC 1.16846T=CCTCC AB 2019080T). The subspecies Azotobacter chroococcum subsp. chroococcum subsp. nov. is created automatically with the type strain ATCC 9043T (=DSM 2286T=JCM 20725T=JCM 21503T=LMG 8756T=NBRC 102613T=NCAIM B.01391T=NRRL B-14346T=VKM B-1616T).

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