Effect of Different Enriched Vermicomposts, Humic Acid Extract and Indole-3-Acetic Acid Amendments on the Growth of Brassica napus

Humic acid (HA) is a specific and stable component of humus materials that behaves similarly to growth stimulants, esp. auxin hormones, contributing to improving growth indices and performance of plants. As a rich source of HA, vermicompost (VC) is also a plant growth stimulating bio-fertilizer that can enhance growth indices and performance in plants. The purpose of the present study is to compare the influence of VC enriched with bacterial and/or fertilizer, commercial humic acid (CHA) extract, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on improving growth characteristics and performance of rapeseed under greenhouse conditions. The results showed the complete superiority of VC over the CHA and IAA (approximately 8% increase in the dry weights of root and aerial organ and nearly three times increase in seed weight). The highest values of these indices were obtained with VC enriched with Nitrogen, Sulfur, and Phosphorus, Azotobacter chroococcum and Pseudomonas fluorescens; the lowest value was obtained with VC enriched with urea. Additionally, the application of 3% VC and the control involved the highest and lowest values in all traits, respectively. The SPAD (chlorophyll index) value and stem diameter were not significantly affected by different application levels of VC. Overall, the applications of IAA and the CHA were not found to be suitable and therefore not recommended.

Serapan nitrogen dan fosfor serta hasil jagung yang dipengaruhi oleh teknik aplikasi pupuk hayati pada Inceptisols

Upaya meningkatkan unsur hara nitrogen dan fosfor tanah secara berkelanjutan adalah dengan pemanfaatan agen hayati bakteri penambat N dan bakteri pelarut P. Percobaan pot yang bertujuan untuk menentukan teknik aplikasi pupuk hayati dalam meningkatkan kandungan dan serapan hara N, P serta hasil tanaman jagung pada Inceptisols Jatinangor dilaksanakan di Lahan Percobaan Laboratorium Kesuburan Tanah dan Nutrisi Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran. Pupuk hayati yang digunakan merupakan konsorsium bakteri penambat N (Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum sp.) dan bakteri pelarut P (Pseudomonas malei dan Bacillus subtillis) . Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan sembilan perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas kontrol, aplikasi pupuk hayati pada benih (seed treatment) dengan dosis 500 g dan 250 g ha-1, aplikasi di tanah (soil application) dengan dosis 50 kg dan 25 kg ha-1, dan kombinasinya. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa teknik aplikasi pada benih, pada tanah dan kombinasinya meningkatkan serapan N dan P serta hasil tanaman jagung. Perlakuan pupuk hayati pada benih 500 g ha-1 + pada tanah 50 kg ha-1 merupakan perlakuan terbaik dalam meningkatkan serapan N sebesar 51% dan serapan P hingga 90% dibandingkan kontrol. Perlakuan pada benih 250 g ha-1 + pada tanah 25 kg ha-1 merupakan perlakuan terbaik dalam meningkatkan hasil sebesar 56% (213,40 g). Teknik aplikasi pupuk hayati yang efisien dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan produksi tanaman

The use of microbiological fertilizers in planting early potatoes in the Belgorod region

Экологически безопасная продукция пользуется большим спросом. Для ее получения можно использовать микробиологические удобрения. Использование микробиологических удобрений способствует снижению негативных последствий изменения климата и повышает устойчивость растений картофеля к стрессовым факторам. Цель работы: изучить микробиологическое удобрение Славол, обладающее широким спектром действия, на ранних сортах картофеля и выявить его влияние на продуктивность этой культуры. Славол содержит в своем составе шесть компонентов микроорганизмов (Derxia spp., Azotobacter chroococcum, Azotobacter vinelandi, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium). Работа была выполнена в 2020–2021 годах на участке научно-производственной лаборатории по изучению систем земледелия ФГБОУ ВО Белгородский ГАУ. Почва опытного участка – чернозем выщелоченный, среднемощный, среднесуглинистый на лессовидном суглинке. В опытах были использованы следующие сорта: Удача, Брянский деликатес, Ред Скарлетт, Жуковский ранний, Метеор, Ривьера. Варианты опыта: 1) контроль и 2) применение микробиологического удобрения Славол, которое включало обработку клубней перед посадкой (10 мл/л воды, замачивание на 3–4 часа) и в период ухода дважды в виде некорневой подкормки (10 мл/10 л воды, расход рабочего раствора – 1,5 л/10 м2), первая обработка – через 10–15 дней после всходов, вторая – в период бутонизации. Повторность опытов трехкратная. Варианты в опыте были размещены рендомизированным методом. Площадь одной опытной делянки – 25 м2. Схема посадки – 70×35 см. Установлено, что микробиологическое удобрение Славол обладает широким спектром действия и влияет на рост и развитие растений: повысилось количество стеблей (в среднем по сортам на 32,6%), увеличилась высота растений (на 10,8%) и общая площадь листового аппарата (на 32,9%). В посадках картофеля на 72,2% снизилось развитие альтернариоза. Комплексное влияние препарата сказа Environmentally friendly products are in great demand. Microbiological fertilizers can be used to obtain it. The use of microbiological fertilizers helps to reduce the negative effects of climate change and increases the resistance of potato plants to stress factors. The purpose of the work: to study the microbiological fertilizer Slavol, which has a wide spectrum of action, on early potato varieties, and to identify its effect on the productivity of this crop. Slavol contains six components of microorganisms (Derxia spp., Azotobacter chroococcum, Azotobacter vinelandi, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium). The work was carried out in 2020–2021 at the site of the scientific and production laboratory for the study of agricultural systems of the Belgorod State Agrarian University. The soil of the experimental site is leached chernozem, medium-thick, medium-loamy on loess-like loam. The following varieties were used in the experiments: Udacha, Bryansk delikates, Red Scarlett, Zhukovsky ranniy, Meteor, Riviera. Experience options: 1) control and 2) the use of microbiological fertilizer Slavol, which included the treatment of tubers before planting (10 ml/l of water, soaking for 3–4 hours) and during the care period twice in the form of foliar top dressing (10 ml/10 l of water, the consumption of the working solution of 1.5 l/10 m2) the first treatment 10–15 days after germination, the second – during budding. The repetition of experiments is threefold. The variants in the experiment were placed by a randomized method. The area of one experimental plot is 25 m2. The planting scheme is 70×35 cm. It is established that the microbiological fertilizer Slavol has a wide spectrum of action and affects the growth and development of plants: the number of stems has increased (on average for varieties by 32.6%), the height of plants has increased (by 10.8%) and the total area of the leaf apparatus (by 32.9%). In potato plantings, the development of alternariosis decreased by 72.2%. The complex effect of the drug affected the yield of early potato varieties, which increased by an average of 12.3% in the Belgorod region.

The effect of biological fertilizer application on interest amount and relative water content in rehabilitation effort of old cacao

Purpose This study was to examine the effect of the application of Trichoderma asperellum and Azotobacter chroococcum on the condition of cacao leaves (RWC and LMA) and their relationship to the interest amount formed, after treatment Inarching grafting in the rehabilitation of old cacao plants from side grafting. The method used in this study was Split Plot Design, with 2 factors, namely the use of T. asperellum and A. chroococcum which were repeated 3 times each, and using Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT). The best results obtained were the relative water content of the leaves 98.43%; LMA 225.05 mg.mm−2, which produced an average number of 62 flowers every tree, with bacteria A.chroococcum and fungus T.asperellum applied twice each using the inarching grafting method which was carried out at the time of the appearance of the flush.

Biologization of growing grain crops technology

The use of biologics and preparations based on amino acids (Krokus universal) for protection against diseases, as well as entomopathogenic microorganisms against pests is one of the main directions in the biologization of technology for growing cereal crops. The research was carried out in 2018-2020 on the basis of the Kuban State Agrarian University. The object of the study was the wheat and barley varieties, as well as oats. As microbiological agents, cultures of microorganisms from the collection were used: Trichoderma viride and T. lignorum, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus megatherium, Bacillus thuringiensis, Pseudomonas fluorescens. To suppress the pathogens of bacteriosis and stimulate the growth processes of plants, the preparation based on the essential amino acids Crocus universal was used. The results of research have shown that this method is not inferior in biological effectiveness to chemical protection and even have advantages. The systematic use of biologics on cereal crops turned out to be appropriate. It provided the increase in the suppressiveness and fertility of the soil, the suppression of various pathogens and pests on winter wheat crops, the reduction in the amount of pesticides introduced, as well as high economic efficiency.

Evaluation of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria Strains on Growth, Yield and Quality of Industrial Tomato

Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) are used as biostimulants to improve the growth and yield as well as the quality of crops. In the present study, nine strains of PGPB and one solid mix consisting of two of them were evaluated on the cultivation of industrial tomato under specific soil and climatic conditions. The results showed that Bacillus licheniformis treatment increased dry weight of the tomato plants by 39%, and the photosynthetic rate was increased by Priestia megaterium 9.9%. The application of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Priestia megaterium, and Bacillus licheniformis increased mean fruit weight per plant 26.78–30.70% compared to that of control. Yield per plant was increased 51.94% with the use of Bacillus licheniformis compared to that of control. The quality of the fruits in nearly every bacteria strain was improved. Bacillus pumilus and the mix of Priestia megaterium and Azotobacter chroococcum (1:1) increased the most total soluble solids in the tomato fruits (4.70° Brix), and Priestia megaterium increased content in lycopene and total carotenoids by 52.8% and 25%, respectively; Bacillus pseudomycoides increased Pectin methylesterase (PME) activity (24.94 units/mL), and Bacillusmojavensis, along with the mix of Priestia megaterium and Azotobacter chroococcum, increased Poligalacturonase (PG) activity the most (30.09 and 32.53 units/mL, respectively). Most of the bacteria strains presented an increased antioxidant activity significantly better that that of the control up to 31.25%. The results of this study confirmed that the use of PGPB as biostimulants can improve the yield and the quality of industrial tomato.

Влияние бактерий рода Azotobacter Chroococcum на рост и развитие пшеницы озимой в западноукраинской лесостепной провинции

The researches results showed the positive the bacterium species Azotobacter chroococcum im-pact on winter wheat yield structure. Especially, the grain yield of Favoritka increased on 0,38 t/ha, or on 10 %; weight 1000 grains – on 2.9 g, or on 7,5%; the spike’s length-on 0,7 cm or on на 9,9 %; the grain’s quantity in one spike is on 2,3 pcs, or on 9 %; one plant’s weight-on 0,23 g, or on 5,6 %; the spike’s weight-0,17g, or on11%, one spike’s grain weight- on 0,4 g, or on 5,3 %.

Ifluenţa fosforului si tulpinilor rizobacteriene asupra dezvoltării sistemului radicular la plante de soia (Glycine max L. MERR.) în condiţii deficitului de fosfor si umidiate

Drought and nutrient deficiency are major abiotic factors that limits crop production. This study determined the effect of phosphorus (P) and rhizobacteria application on root system development of soybean plants subjected to P deficiency and drought. The P application alone or in combination with bacteria strains (Pseudomonas fluorescence and Azotobacter chroococcum) increased total roots length irrespective of soil moisture. Root growth of cultivar Horboveanca responded more evidently to treatment with rhizobacteria than cultivar Zodiac under P deficiency. Thus, the experimental results demonstrated that the effectiveness of integrated use of P and rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescence and Azotobacter chroococcum) promotes roots development of soybean plants under normal soil moisture as well as under temporary drought.

Rhamnolipid Enhances the Nitrogen Fixation Activity of Azotobacter chroococcum by Influencing Lysine Succinylation

The enhancement of nitrogen fixation activity of diazotrophs is essential for safe crop production. Lysine succinylation (KSuc) is widely present in eukaryotes and prokaryotes and regulates various biological process. However, knowledge of the extent of KSuc in nitrogen fixation of Azotobacter chroococcum is scarce. In this study, we found that 250 mg/l of rhamnolipid (RL) significantly increased the nitrogen fixation activity of A. chroococcum by 39%, as compared with the control. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) confirmed that RL could remarkably increase the transcript levels of nifA and nifHDK genes. In addition, a global KSuc of A. chroococcum was profiled using a 4D label-free quantitative proteomic approach. In total, 5,008 KSuc sites were identified on 1,376 succinylated proteins. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the addition of RL influence on the KSuc level, and the succinylated proteins were involved in various metabolic processes, particularly enriched in oxidative phosphorylation, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle, and nitrogen metabolism. Meanwhile, multiple succinylation sites on MoFe protein (NifDK) may influence nitrogenase activity. These results would provide an experimental basis for the regulation of biological nitrogen fixation with KSuc and shed new light on the mechanistic study of nitrogen fixation.