scholarly journals Videothoracoscopy in Pleural Empyema Following Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) Lung Infection

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 723-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duilio Divisi ◽  
Giovanna Imbriglio ◽  
Roberto Crisci

Our study shows the different therapeutic procedures in 64 patients with pleural effusion due to MRSA pneumonia. The thoracostomy tube associated with pleural washing was decisive in 10 simple effusion patients. Video-assisted thoracic surgery allowed a complete resolution of the disease in 22 complex parapneumonic effusion patients. In 20 of 32 patients with frank pus in the pleural cavity, the videothoracoscopic insufflation of carbon dioxide (CO2) before thoracotomy facilitated the dissection of the lung tissue. In 12 patients, this approach was not applied because of cardiac insufficiency. Videothoracoscopy and decortication after thoracotomy ensured the recovery of functions.

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
Md Shakibur Rahman ◽  
Probir Kumar Sarkar ◽  
Khandakar Ashikur Zaman ◽  
Nabila Akand ◽  
Md Kamruzzaman

Background: Parapneumonic effusion/complicated pleural effusion/empyema thoracis in children causes significant morbidity. Standard treatment of pleural effusion includes tube drainage and antibiotics. But the tube drainage often fails. Intrapleural Streptokinase has been used in empyema thoracis as well as complicated pleural effusion with good success rate. Though its efficacy is documented in Western literatures and textbooks, there are no clinical trials in children has been reported from Bangladesh. Objectives: We evaluated the efficacy of intra-pleural Streptokinase in the management of Parapneumonic effusion / complicated pleural effusion/ empyema thoracis even in advanced stages. Patients and Methods: A total of 3 patients with parapneumonic effusion requiring intercostal tube drainage, aged 4 year 6 month to twelve years were included in the study who were admitted in Pediatric respiratory medicine unit in Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital. Intercostal chest tube drain was given in all patients and inj: Streptokinase (10,000 units/kg/dose) was instilled into the pleural cavity and kept the Streptokinase for 4 hour in pleural cavity. Response was assessed by clinical outcome, after unclamping and serial chest ultrasounds and subsequent chest radiography. Results: Streptokinase enhanced drainage of pleural fluid and complete resolution of effusion in all the 3 patients. Conclusions: Intrapleural Streptokinase is the preferred treatment for treating pediatric empyema/parapneumonic effusion/complicated pleural effusion even in advanced stages and can avoid surgery. Bangladesh J Child Health 2020; VOL 44 (2) :104-108


2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Alqasem Fuad H. Al Mosa ◽  
Mohammed Ishaq ◽  
Mohamed Hussein Mohamed Ahmed

Chest tube malpositioning is reported to be the most common complication associated with tube thoracostomy. Intraparenchymal and intrafissural malpositions are the most commonly reported tube sites. We present a case about a 21-year-old patient with cystic fibrosis who was admitted due to bronchiectasis exacerbation and developed a right-sided pneumothorax for which a chest tube was inserted. Partial initial improvement in the pneumothorax was noted on the chest radiograph, after which the chest tube stopped functioning and the pneumothorax remained for 19 days. Chest computed tomography was done and revealed a malpositioned chest tube in the right side located inside the thoracic cavity but outside the pleural cavity (intrathoracic, extrapleural). The removed chest tube was patent with no obstructing materials in its lumen. A new thoracostomy tube was inserted and complete resolution of the pneumothorax followed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8(77)) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
S.A. Kalashnikova ◽  
S.Sh. Aidaeva ◽  
E.A. Kalashnikova

An experimental study of facies of pleural exudate obtained from the residual pleural cavity of rats with chronic pleural empyema at different periods of the experiment was conducted. As a result of morphometric analysis of exudate facies, a violation of the structural and spatial organization of the biological fluid and the etiology of pleural effusion was established.


Author(s):  
A.L. Charyshkin ◽  
E.A. Kuzmina ◽  
B.I. Khusnutdinov ◽  
E.A. Toneev ◽  
O.V. Midlenko ◽  
...  

In Russia, annually more than 100,000 people are diagnosed with tumor pleuritis. Resistant cancerous pleuritis is often caused by lung cancer (35 %), breast cancer (23 %), ovarian cancer and lymphomas (10 %). Pleuritis in malignant neoplasms often indicates the spread of the process through pleura. At the same time, systemic therapy does not always help patients. Radical treatment for malignant pleural effusion is gradually being replaced by new minimally invasive methods. Prolonged drainage of the pleural cavity in exudative pleuritis increases the risk of infection, which contributes to the development of pleural empyema. In order to eliminate the exudate, talc, tetracycline, and Betadine solutions are introduced into the pleural cavity through the drainage, the efficacy being 60 to 90 %. Thus, a new method for drug administration into the pleural cavity, which helps to eliminate resistant exudative pleuritis, remains relevant. Keywords: resistant exudative pleuriris, malignant neoplasms, pleurodesis. Проведен обзор отечественной и зарубежной литературы, посвященный местному лечению резистентного злокачественного плеврита. С каждым годом частота онкологических заболеваний и опухолевых плевритов только повышается. В России ежегодно опухолевые плевриты диагностируют более чем у 100 000 чел. Резистентный злокачественный плеврит в 35 % случаев обусловлен раком легкого, в 23 % – раком молочной железы, в 10 % – раком яичников и лимфомами. Плеврит при злокачественных новообразованиях часто свидетельствует о распространении процесса по плевре. При этом использование системных методов лечения не всегда облегчает состояние пациента. Радикальные методы лечения злокачественного плеврального выпота постепенно заменяются новыми минимально инвазивными методами. Продолжительное дренирование плевральной полости при экссудативном плеврите увеличивает риск ее инфицирования, что способствует развитию эмпиемы плевры. С целью ликвидации экссудата через установленный дренаж в плевральную полость вводят растворы талька, тетрациклина, бетадина с эффективностью от 60 до 90 %. Недостатком данного способа лечения является выраженный болевой синдром, повышение температуры тела, риск легочных осложнений, длительность лечения. Таким образом, создание способа введения лекарственных препаратов в плевральную полость для ликвидации резистентного экссудативного плеврита остается актуальным. Ключевые слова: резистентный экссудативный плеврит, злокачественные новообразования, плевродез.


2020 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
D. V. Minukhin ◽  
O. I. Tsyvenko ◽  
A. Yu. Korolevska ◽  
L. G. Tarasenko ◽  
D. Yu. Melnyk ◽  
...  

Most authors considered pleural cavity drainage to be the main method of treatment of acute pleural empyema using minor surgery. Despite the simplicity of drainage of the pleural cavity, the number of complications after this surgical manipulation, according to the reports of some authors, varies from 3 to 8 %. The complications of pleural drainage in the patients with acute nonspecific pleural empyema have been studied and the technique of pleural drainage "blindly" has been introduced, which allows drainage to be located along the chest wall. At the first stage of the four−stage study, the complications of pleural drainage in 38 patients with acute nonspecific pleural empyema were analyzed, at the second stage a device for drainage of the pleural cavity "blindly" was developed to place drainage in parallel to the chest wall, at the third stage patients were tested; on IV −− drainage of the pleural cavity of 34 patients was performed according to the proposed method. The reason for the development of drainage complications in the pleural cavity of patients with acute pleural empyema was the inadequate location of drainage in the pleural cavity, drainage of the pleural cavity was carried out in general hospitals without the use of thoracoscopic equipment. Curved thoracoport with trocar for a blind drainage of the pleural cavity "blindly" was developed and introduced into clinical practice. This technique eliminates the involuntary location of the drainage in the pleural cavity, installing it along the chest wall, and is safe. Complications associated with drainage of the pleural cavity according to the developed method using a curved thoracoport with a trocar, inadequate location of drainage, were not observed in patients. Key words: acute pleural empyema, pleural cavity drainage, curved trocar.


2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 474-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouad Madhi ◽  
Corinne Levy ◽  
Laurence Morin ◽  
Philippe Minodier ◽  
François Dubos ◽  
...  

AbstractWe describe here changes in the bacterial causes of pleural empyema before and after implementation of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) program in France (2009–2017). For 220 (39.3%) of 560 children, a bacterial cause was found. The frequency of pneumococcal infection decreased during the study from 79.1% in 2009 to 36.4% in 2017 (P < .001). Group A streptococcus is now the leading cause of documented empyema (45.5%).


2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saadet Akarsu ◽  
A. Nese Citak Kurt ◽  
Yasar Dogan ◽  
Erdal Yilmaz ◽  
Ahmet Godekmerdan ◽  
...  

The aim is to examine whether the changes in pleural fluid interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 levels were significant in differential diagnosis of childhood pleural effusions. IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 levels in pleural fluids of all 36 patients were measured. The levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 in pleural fluids were statistically significantly higher in the transudate group compared with those of the exudate group. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 were also found to be statistically significantly higher in the empyema group compared with both the parapneumonic and the tuberculous pleural effusion groups. The levels of IL-2 and IL-6 were detected to be statistically significantly higher in the tuberculous pleural effusion group in comparison with those of the parapneumonic effusion group. The results showed that pleural fluids IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 could be used in pleural fluids exudate and transudate distinction.


Author(s):  
Robert J.O. Davies ◽  
Y.C. Gary Lee

Case History—A 54 yr old Asian man, and a 19 yr old Chinese man, both with pleural effusions. Case History—A 68 yr old man with a pleural effusion. Benign tumours are rare in the pleural cavity, with solitary fibrous tumour of the pleura, the most frequent of these rarities....


Thorax ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Hardak ◽  
Eli Peled ◽  
Yonatan Crispel ◽  
Shourouk Ghanem ◽  
Judith Attias ◽  
...  

BackgroundWhile malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a common and significant cause of morbidity in patients with cancer, current treatment options are limited. Human heparanase, involved in angiogenesis and metastasis, cleaves heparan sulfate (HS) side chains on the cell surface.AimsTo explore the coagulation milieu in MPE and infectious pleural effusion (IPE) focusing on the involvement of heparanase.MethodsSamples of 30 patients with MPE and 44 patients with IPE were evaluated in comparison to those of 33 patients with transudate pleural effusions, using heparanase ELISA, heparanase procoagulant activity assay, thrombin and factor Xa chromogenic assays and thromboelastography. A cell proliferation assay was performed. EMT-6 breast cancer cells were injected to the pleural cavity of mice. A peptide inhibiting heparanase activity was administered subcutaneously.ResultsLevels of heparanase, factor Xa and thrombin were significantly higher in exudate than transudate. Thromboelastography detected almost no thrombus formation in the whole blood, mainly on MPE addition. This effect was completely reversed by bacterial heparinase. Direct measurement revealed high levels of HS chains in pleural effusions. Higher proliferation was observed in tumour cell lines incubated with exudate than with transudate and it was reduced when bacterial heparinase was added. The tumour size in the pleural cavity of mice treated with the heparanase inhibitor were significantly smaller compared with control (p=0.005).ConclusionsHS chains released by heparanase form an anticoagulant milieu in MPE, preventing local thrombosis and enabling tumour cell proliferation. Inhibition of heparanase might provide a therapeutic option for patients with recurrent MPE.


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunjue Yi ◽  
Tae Hyung Kim ◽  
Jun Hee Lee ◽  
Jae Ho Chung ◽  
Sungho Lee

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical manifestation and predictive risk factors of pleural empyema developing during treatment of the pyogenic liver abscess. Methods Medical records of patients with the liver abscess in our institution were reviewed retrospectively. Enrolled patients were classified into four groups; Group 1: patients without pleural effusion, Group 2: patients with pleural effusion and who were treated noninvasively, Group 3: patient with pleural effusion and who were treated with thoracentesis, and Group 4: patients with pleural effusion that developed into empyema. Patient characteristics, clinical manifestation, and possible risk factors in development of empyema were analyzed. Results A total of 234 patients was enrolled in this study. The incidence rate of empyema was 4.27% (10 patients). The mean interval for developing pleural effusion was 5.6 ± 6.35 days. In multivariate analysis, risk factors for developing pleural effusion included the location of the liver abscess near the right diaphragm (segment 7 and 8, OR = 2.30, p = 0.048), and larger diameter of the liver abscess (OR = 1.02, p = 0.042). Among patients who developed pleural effusions, presences of mixed microorganisms from culture of liver aspirates (OR = 10.62, p = 0.044), bilateral pleural effusion (OR = 46.72, p = 0.012) and combined biliary tract inflammation (OR = 21.05, p = 0.040) were significantly associated with the need for invasive intervention including surgery on effusion. Conclusion The location of the liver abscess as well as pleural effusion, elevated inflammatory markers, and combined biliary tract inflammation may be important markers of developing pleural complication in patients with pyogenic liver abscess.


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