Effects of methionine supplementing on intestine, liver and uterus morphology, and on positivity and expression of calbindin-D28k and TRPV6 calcium carriers in laying quails in thermoneutral conditions and under thermal stress

AbstractThe aim of this study was to provide support for the performance, localization and expression of the epithelial calcium transporter channels, calbindin-D28k (Calb) and TRPV6, and of the morphology of the digestive and reproductive system of laying quails under heat stress, and with methionine supplementation. Therefore, the present study characterized the positivity (immunohistochemistry) and expression (real-time PCR) of calcium channels (Calb and TRPV6) in the kidneys, intestine and uterus of 504 laying quails that were submitted to different methionine supplementation (100, 110 and 120%) and temperatures (20, 24, 28 and 32°C). The animals under thermal stress had lower villus height, villus:crypt ratio, and goblet cell index in the duodenum and jejunum, fewer secondary and tertiary uterine folds, smaller hepatic steatosis, and increased number of distal convoluted renal tubules (CT) positive to Calb (protein), and increased positivity in proximal CTs. The deleterious effects of heat stress were minimized with methionine supplementation for the following variables: duodenal crypts, number of goblet cells of the jejunum, number of uterine folds, decreased Calb positivity in intestines and kidney, increased positivity of Calb in the uterus and increased TRPV6 gene expression in the kidney. Calcium transporters were altered due to less need for calcium absorption and reabsorption due to more calcium available with the supplementation, increasing egg production and quality. Methionine supplementation further increased intestinal villus absorption area and height, increased steatosis, decreased Calb positivity in the intestine and kidney, increased uterine positivity and Calb expression, and increased TRPV6 expression in the uterus under thermoneutrality. This is the first study that describes the gene and protein expression of calcium transporters in the intestine, kidney and uterus of laying quails, and concludes that the use of methionine supplementation is justifiable in order to partially reverse the deleterious effects of thermal stress on the production.

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Methionine supplementing effects on intestine, liver and uterus morphology, and on positivity and expression of Calbindin-D28k and TRPV6 epithelial calcium carriers in laying quail in thermoneutral conditions and under thermal stress

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0245615 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. e0245615

Author(s):

Lanuza Ribeiro de Moraes ◽

Maria Eduarda Araújo Delicato ◽

André da Silva Cruz ◽

Hugo Thyares Fonseca Nascimento Pereira da Silva ◽

Clara Virgínia Batista de Vasconcelos Alves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Egg Production ◽

Calcium Absorption ◽

Goblet Cells ◽

Renal Tubules ◽

Intestinal Villus ◽

Villus Height ◽

Absorption Area ◽

Calbindin D28k ◽

Methionine Supplementation ◽

Laying Quail

This study aimed to provide the performance, localization and expression of the epithelial calcium transporter channels Calbindin-D28k (Calb) and TRPV6, and of the morphology of the digestive and reproductive system of laying quail under heat stress (HS), and with methionine supplementation (MS). This study characterized the positivity (immunohistochemistry) and expression (real-time PCR) of calcium channels in the kidneys, intestine and uterus of 504 laying quails under different MS (100, 110 and 120%) and temperatures (20, 24, 28 and 32°C). The animals under HS (32°C) had lower villus height, villus:crypt ratio, and goblet cell index in the duodenum and jejunum, fewer secondary and tertiary uterine folds, smaller hepatic steatosis, and increased number of distal convoluted renal tubules (CT) positive to Calb, and increased positivity in proximal CTs. Deleterious effects of HS were minimized with MS for: duodenal crypts, number of goblet cells of the jejunum, number of uterine folds, decreased Calb positivity in intestines and kidney, increased positivity of Calb in the uterus and increased TRPV6 gene expression in the kidney (P≤0.05). Epithelial calcium transporters were altered due to less need for calcium absorption and reabsorption due to more calcium available with the MS, increasing egg production in HS and quality in termoneutrality (P≤0.05). MS further increased intestinal villus absorption area and height, increased steatosis, decreased Calb positivity in the intestine and kidney, increased uterine positivity of Calb, and increase Calb and TRPV6 expression in the kidney (P≤0.001) under thermoneutrality. It was concluded that the use of MS (120%) is justifiable in order to partially reverse the deleterious effects of HS on the production, in the epithelial calcium carriers, and in the digestory and reproductive morphology of laying quail.

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Radical Response: Effects of Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress on Lipid Metabolism in the Avian Liver

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10010035 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Nima K. Emami ◽

Usuk Jung ◽

Brynn Voy ◽

Sami Dridi

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Egg Production ◽

Well Being ◽

Enzymatic Reactions ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Hepatic Lipid Metabolism ◽

Hepatic Lipid ◽

The Impact

Lipid metabolism in avian species places unique demands on the liver in comparison to most mammals. The avian liver synthesizes the vast majority of fatty acids that provide energy and support cell membrane synthesis throughout the bird. Egg production intensifies demands to the liver as hepatic lipids are needed to create the yolk. The enzymatic reactions that underlie de novo lipogenesis are energetically demanding and require a precise balance of vitamins and cofactors to proceed efficiently. External stressors such as overnutrition or nutrient deficiency can disrupt this balance and compromise the liver’s ability to support metabolic needs. Heat stress is an increasingly prevalent environmental factor that impairs lipid metabolism in the avian liver. The effects of heat stress-induced oxidative stress on hepatic lipid metabolism are of particular concern in modern commercial chickens due to the threat to global poultry production. Chickens are highly vulnerable to heat stress because of their limited capacity to dissipate heat, high metabolic activity, high internal body temperature, and narrow zone of thermal tolerance. Modern lines of both broiler (meat-type) and layer (egg-type) chickens are especially sensitive to heat stress because of the high rates of mitochondrial metabolism. While this oxidative metabolism supports growth and egg production, it also yields oxidative stress that can damage mitochondria, cellular membranes and proteins, making the birds more vulnerable to other stressors in the environment. Studies to date indicate that oxidative and heat stress interact to disrupt hepatic lipid metabolism and compromise performance and well-being in both broilers and layers. The purpose of this review is to summarize the impact of heat stress-induced oxidative stress on lipid metabolism in the avian liver. Recent advances that shed light on molecular mechanisms and potential nutritional/managerial strategies to counteract the negative effects of heat stress-induced oxidative stress to the avian liver are also integrated.

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Dietary Germinated Paddy Rice and Stocking Density Affect Egg Performance, Serum Biochemical Properties, and Proteomic and Transcriptomic Response of Laying Hens Exposed to Chronic Heat Stress

Proteomes ◽

10.3390/proteomes9040048 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 48

Author(s):

Tossaporn Incharoen ◽

Sittiruk Roytrakul ◽

Wirot Likittrakulwong

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Egg Production ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Protein Profile ◽

Stocking Density ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Paddy Rice ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Transcriptomic Response

Germinated paddy rice (GPR) could be a good alternative feed source for poultry with stocking density and heat stress problems. A total of 72 Hy-line Brown laying hens raised under low (LSD, 0.12 m2/bird) and high stocking densities (HSD, 0.06 m2/bird) were investigated. Three dietary GPR levels (0, 74 and 148 g/kg) were used. It was found that average daily feed intake, hen-day egg production, and egg mass significantly decreased in the HSD group. The levels of serum glucose (GLU), phosphorous (P), corticosterone (CORT), total Ig, lysozyme (LZY), and superoxide dismutase activities (SOD) in the HSD group were higher than those in the LSD group. Dietary GPR significantly affected GLU, P, alternative complement haemolytic 50 (ACH50), total Ig, and LZY. Moreover, CORT level significantly decreased in 74 and 148 g/kg dietary GPR groups, whereas SOD significantly increased only in the 148 g/kg dietary GPR group. Serum samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and 8607 proteins were identified. Proteome analysis revealed 19 proteins which were enriched in different stocking densities and dietary GPR levels. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR technique was successfully used to verify the differentiated abundant protein profile changes. The proteins identified in this study could serve as appropriate biomarkers.

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Differential Expression Gene/Protein Contribute to Heat Stress-Responsive in Tetraena propinqua in Saudi Arabia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-143815/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hayat Ali Alafari ◽

Magda Abdelgawad

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Protein Profile ◽

Differential Regulation ◽

Dual Specificity ◽

Differential Expression Gene ◽

Sds Page ◽

Gene And Protein Expression

Abstract BackgroundWithin their natural habitat, plants are subjected to abiotic stresses that include heat stress. In the current study, the effect of 4h, 24h and 48h of heat stress on Tetraena propinqua ssp. migahidii seedling’s protein profile and proteomic analyses were investigated. ResultsTotal soluble protein SDS-PAGE profile showed 18-protein bands downregulated at 4h and 48h, however, 20-protein bands were upregulated at 24h of heat stress. A proteomic analysis showed that 81 and 59 targets are involved in gene and protein expression respectively. ConclusionsThe genes and proteins involved in transcription, translation, photosynthesis, transport and other unknown metabolic processes, were differentially expressed under treatments of heat stress. These ﬁndings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms related to heat stress, in addition to its inﬂuence on the physiological traits of T. propinqua seedlings. Heat stress mediated differential regulation genes indicate a role in development and stress response of T. propinqua. The candidate dual specificity genes identified in this study paves way for more molecular analysis of up- and down-regulation.

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Prolonged Dark Time Within A 24-h Light Regime Improves Eggshell Quality by Enhancing Calcium Deposition in Laying Hens

10.21203/rs.3.rs-69315/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Qian Xin ◽

Jingpeng Zhao ◽

Hongchao Jiao ◽

Haifang Li ◽

Xiaojuan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feed Efficiency ◽

Egg Production ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Light Regime ◽

Calcium Deposition ◽

Eggshell Quality ◽

Dark Time ◽

Calbindin D28k ◽

Calcium And Phosphorus ◽

Calcium Transporter

Abstract Background: The absorption and transportation of calcium and phosphorus is mainly relied on their corresponding transporters. Eggshell is mainly formed during dark time in one egg cycle. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different light regime on eggshell quality and the expression of the relevant calcium and phosphorus transporters in laying hens. Seventy two 56-week-old laying hens were randomly divided into two groups and subjected to the following treatments: 16 h light: 8 h dark (control) and 9 h light: 15 h dark (LDP). The expression of phosphorus transporters type IIb Na/Pi co-transporter NaPi-IIa (NPt2a) and NaPi-IIb (NPt2b), calcium transporter calbindin-D28k (CaBP-D28k), and plasma membrane Ca ATPase 1b (PMCA1b) were measured in small intestine, kidney, and eggshell gland. Results: The results showed that the feed intake (P < 0.001) and egg weight (P = 0.05) was decreased by LDP treatment, while laying rate, egg production, and feed efficiency were not significantly influenced (P > 0.05). Compared to control, eggshell hardness was increased (P < 0.05) by LDP treatment whereas eggshell thickness and eggshell percentage were not significant changed. Eggshell calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) contents were elevated in LDP-hens, compared to control birds. Compared to control birds, serum Ca (P < 0.01) and P levels (P = 0.079) at dark time were increased in LDP-hens while and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was lowered (P < 0.05). The protein expression levels of CaBP-D28k and PMCA1b were not influenced in duodenum but were decreased at light time in jejunum of LDP hens. In kidney, the expression of CaBP-D28k, PMCA1b and NPt2a were not changed by LDP treatment. In eggshell gland, however, the expression of CaBP-D28k and osteopontin (OPN) were relative higher in LDP hens compared to control birds, whereas the PMCA1b expression was not altered. Conclusions: The result indicates that the increased circulating Ca and P concentrations in dark time are favorable for the deposition of calcium and phosphorus in eggshell. The result offers an alternative strategy for the laying hen with a worse eggshell problem.

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The Use of Probiotic and Antioxidants to Improve Welfare and Production of Layer Duck at Commercial Farms for Global Warming Mitigation

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202122600025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 226 ◽

pp. 00025

Author(s):

Imam Suswoyo ◽

Ismoyowati Ismoyowati ◽

Wahyu Widodo ◽

Zane Vincēviča–Gaile

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Egg Production ◽

Egg Weight ◽

Commercial Farms ◽

Commercial Probiotics

Global warming affected increasing the risk of ducks to be more succeptable to heat stress which leads to decrease welfare and production. This research aimed to study duck welfare and productivity under probiotic and antioxidants administration at commercial farms. The method used was experiment with Completely Randomized Designed (CRD) based on factorial pattern. The treatment was dose of natural/homemade and commercial probiotics combined with vitamin C at 400 mg kg–1 and 600 mg kg–1 feed. Thus there were four treatment combinations. Each treatment was replicated five times, totally were 20 flocks of duck. Each flock had 50 laying females so there were 1 000 ducks. The treatment was conduced for 2 mo. The parameters observed included, i) duck welfare based on Heterophyl/Lymphocyte (H/L) ratio; ii) egg production consisted of (a) duck day production, and (b) egg weight. This study concluded that administration of combination between homemade probiotic and vitamin C at 600 mg kg–1 feed significantly (p < 0.05) increased duck welfare and egg production but did not affect egg weight.

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Multi-omics analysis of thermal stress response in a zooxanthellate cnidarian reveals the importance of associating with thermotolerant symbionts

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2017.2654 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 285 (1877) ◽

pp. 20172654 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Maha J. Cziesielski ◽

Yi Jin Liew ◽

Guoxin Cui ◽

Sebastian Schmidt-Roach ◽

Sara Campana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Stress Response ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Model Organism ◽

Temperature Adaptation ◽

Heat Stress Response ◽

Antioxidant Gene ◽

Aiptasia Pallida ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Gene And Protein Expression

Corals and their endosymbiotic dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium have a fragile relationship that breaks down under heat stress, an event known as bleaching. However, many coral species have adapted to high temperature environments such as the Red Sea (RS). To investigate mechanisms underlying temperature adaptation in zooxanthellate cnidarians we compared transcriptome- and proteome-wide heat stress response (24 h at 32°C) of three strains of the model organism Aiptasia pallida from regions with differing temperature profiles; North Carolina (CC7), Hawaii (H2) and the RS. Correlations between transcript and protein levels were generally low but inter-strain comparisons highlighted a common core cnidarian response to heat stress, including protein folding and oxidative stress pathways. RS anemones showed the strongest increase in antioxidant gene expression and exhibited significantly lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in hospite . However, comparisons of antioxidant gene and protein expression between strains did not show strong differences, indicating similar antioxidant capacity across the strains. Subsequent analysis of ROS production in isolated symbionts confirmed that the observed differences of ROS levels in hospite were symbiont-driven. Our findings indicate that RS anemones do not show increased antioxidant capacity but may have adapted to higher temperatures through association with more thermally tolerant symbionts.

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A simple way to reduce heat stress in laying hens as judged by egg laying, body weight gain and biochemical parameters

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/004.49.2001.4.6 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 421-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

K. Şahin ◽

O. Küçük

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Egg Production ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Management Practice ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Control Group ◽

Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase ◽

Feed Withdrawal

This study was designed to test the effects of feed withdrawal and darkening on the performance, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and some blood serum metabolite and mineral concentrations of laying hens reared at high ambient temperatures ranging from 25 to 35 °C. Ninety, 16-week-old hens (Ross Brown) were divided into 3 groups, 30 hens each. The first group was used as control. Hens in the second group (feed withdrawal) were subjected to feed removal from 14:00 to 18:00, and hens in the third group (darkening) were subjected to light restriction from 14:00 to 18:00 using black curtains. Liveweight, feed intake, and egg production were higher (P < 0.01) in the feed withdrawal and darkening groups, particularly in the darkening group, than in the control. Water intake was higher in the control group compared with the feed withdrawal and darkening groups (P < 0.01). T3, T4, and TSH concentrations in the serum were higher (P < 0.01), whereas ACTH serum concentration was lower (P < 0.01) in the feed withdrawal and darkening groups compared with the control. The haematocrit was higher in the feed withdrawal and darkening groups compared with the control (P < 0.01). Darkening and feed withdrawal treatments increased serum glucose, urea-N, uric acid, albumin, triglyceride, cholesterol, Ca, P, Na, and K concentrations, also the activities of amylase and alkaline phosphatase, but did not influence the activities of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). The present study found that feed withdrawal and darkening, particularly darkening, at high temperatures during the summer months offer a good management practice to reduce heat stress related depression in feed intake and egg production in laying hens.

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Effect of perches and solid sides on production, plumage and foot condition of laying hens housed in conventional cages in a naturally ventilated shed

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9960269 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 269 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

PC Glatz ◽

JL Barnett

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Food Intake ◽

Egg Production ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Shell Weight ◽

Shell Quality ◽

Hot Weather

The effect of modified cages on production, shell quality, feather cover and foot condition was measured in 2 Australian commercial laying strains housed in a naturally ventilated laying shed from 18 to82 weeks of age. Two cage modifications were investigated. Firstly , the inclusion of a perch within the cage, and secondly, the installation of solid sides. Compared with normal cages, installation of a perch in a cage reduced food intake (5.3%) and liveweight (4.5% at 82 weeks) and improved feather cover around the vent (feather score of 2.15 to 2.66). This was offset by a decrease in egg production (2.4%), shell weight (1.5%) and thickness (11%), an increase in cracked (53.8%) and dirty eggs (28.9%), and an increase in claw length (9.2%). Relative to control cages, the provision of solid sides in cages improved overall feather cover of hens (feather score of 2.46 to 2.67), but there was a 54.5% increase in hen mortality during a period of hot weather. Additional modifications to the cage are required to optimise the benefit of perches. Similarly, improvement in ventilation and cooling in naturally ventilated sheds are required to maximise the benefits of solid-sided cages for hens and avoid heat stress.

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High protein wheats for poultry. 3. Use in diets for laying hens

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9710629 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 11 (53) ◽

pp. 629 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

W Turner ◽

CG Payne

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Protein Content ◽

Egg Production ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Control Diet ◽

High Protein ◽

Well Production ◽

Meat Meal ◽

Methionine Supplementation

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the usefulness of feeding layers diets based on high protein wheats. The test diets contained about 86 per cent of high protein wheat and were supplemented with various amino acids. A control diet contained wheat of normal protein content, soyabean and meat meal. In the first experiment lysine addition to the high protein wheat diet increased egg numbers ; and methionine supplementation, in addition to lysine, tended to further improve egg production. In the second experiment lysine addition again improved egg production, but, if inethionine was added as well, production fell. The varying response can be explained by different methionine contents of the two high protein wheats used.

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