scholarly journals The visual ecology of a color polymorphic reef fish: the role of aggressive mimicry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele ER Pierotti ◽  
Anna Wandycz ◽  
Pawel Wandycz ◽  
Anja Rebelein ◽  
Vitor H Corredor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Ecology ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectory ◽  
Mimic Model ◽  
Aggressive Mimicry ◽  
Color Morphs ◽  
Fish Predators ◽  
Intended Receiver

ABSTRACTSince all forms of mimicry are based on perceptual deception, the sensory ecology of the intended receiver is of paramount importance to test the necessary precondition for mimicry to occur, i.e. model-mimic misidentification, and to gain insight in the origin and evolutionary trajectory of the signals. Here we test the potential for aggressive mimicry by a group of coral reef fishes, the color polymorphic Hypoplectrus hamlets, from the point of view of their most common prey, small epibenthic gobies and mysid shrimp. We build visual models based on the visual pigments and spatial resolution of the prey, the underwater light spectrum and color reflectances of putative models and their hamlet mimics. Our results are consistent with one mimic-model relationship between the butter hamlet H. unicolor and its model the butterflyfish Chaetodon capistratus but do not support a second proposed mimic-model pair between the black hamlet H. nigricans and the dusky damselfish Stegastes adustus. We discuss our results in the context of color morphs divergence in the Hypoplectrus species radiation and suggest that aggressive mimicry in H. unicolor might have originated in the context of protective (Batesian) mimicry by the hamlet from its fish predators.

Wolves in sheep’s clothing: three new cases of aggressive mimicry in Red Sea coral reef fishes

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (15-16) ◽  
pp. 1019-1023
Author(s):  
Luiz A. Rocha ◽  
Joseph D. DiBattista ◽  
Tane H. Sinclair-Taylor ◽  
Michael L. Berumen
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Coral Reef Fishes ◽  
Aggressive Mimicry

scholarly journals INHIBITORS AGAINST INNOVATORS: THE EFFECT OF DELAYED TRANSIT TRANSFORMATIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 169-184
Author(s):  
S. I. Nazarenko
Keyword(s):  
Research Problem ◽  
Central Place ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectory ◽  
Negative Results

The article is devoted to the consideration of the complex issue of the reasons for the «delay» of political transit in the post-Soviet countries in general and in Ukraine in particular. The main author's hypothesis is the assumption that it is the activities of differently motivated subjects (inhibitors and innovators) in combination with the fundamental features of the cultural background of a particular country that determine the pace, overall trajectory and intermediate results of the democratization process. Particular attention is paid to the discussion around the question of whether transit is the only evolutionary trajectory or can be interpreted as a number of alternative directions of progress towards the standards of democratic governance. The object of this article is the features of the socio-political transformation of the post-Soviet countries. In turn, the subject of the article arises a ratio of the socio-political activity of innovators and inhibitors that is unique in national conditions, which directly affects the content and results of the democratic transition. The complex nature of the central research problem presupposes the use of an appropriate methodology, the central place in which is occupied by: a systemic approach, comparative and structural-functional methods, institutional analysis. From the author's point of view, it is this arsenal of methods and research procedures that helps to clarify the nature of the negative results of the socio-political transformation of the transit process in such post-Soviet countries as Ukraine. An analysis of the characteristic features of socio-political transformation in Ukraine indicates that the elite is motivated to conserve political informal practices and postpone changes in any way, and imitation reforms act as a legitimizer of the elite in the eyes of Western investors, creating a positive reputation for progressive reformers for its representatives. The migration of reformers from the state of innovators to the state of inhibitors is due to their desire to become an elite in order to extract economic rent with the help of power. The idea is substantiated that the way out of the vicious circle of quasi-substitution of the elite is associated with the painstaking work of the real supporters of reforms to diagnose the vulnerable elements of the national trajectory of democratization and education of new generations - carriers of innovative types of thinking and supporters of values ​​and procedures of democracy.

The Possibilities of Graphenes Application in Textronic Devices

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Michal Puchalski ◽  
Ewa Skrzetuska ◽  
Izabella Krucińska
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Carbon Structure ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
State Of Art

Graphene, because of its exceptional properties such as very good electrical conductance, flexibility and high optical transparency in visible light spectrum, has proved to be an excellent nanomaterial for modern electronic applications. The natural point of view is to use this new nanomaterial for the development of unique textronic devices such as sensory systems for monitoring human body’s vital functions and atmospheric composition. The present review shows the state of art of materials science and possibilities of the smart textiles design with graphene. The most promising applications of graphene for the design of textronic devices are the development of conductive polymer composites (CPC) and the development of inks and pastes for printing conductive tracks on textile materials. The preliminary results of implementation of 2D carbon structure into textronic devices are presented.

Graphite Dispersion. I. Spectrocolorimetric Characterization

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-230
Author(s):  
Sorin Radoiu
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Color Parameters ◽  
Acrylic Resins ◽  
Chromaticity Coordinate ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
Special Programs ◽  
Chromatic Coordinates ◽  
Chromatic Color

The aim of the present study is to characterize from the spectrocolorimetric point of view the graphite films dispersed in epoxy, chloral-rubber, polyurethane and acrylic resins. By using a HunterLab system the remission spectrum in the visible light spectrum (400 � 700 nm) of the resulted films was measured. With special programs, from the spectrum were calculated the color parameters L*, a*, b*, C*, h*, the total color differences in three chromatic color units DE*, DEcmc, the three chromatic coordinates X, Y, Z, the chromaticity coordinate y, black index (without coloured undertone) of the films My and black shade index (contribution of the coloured undertone), dM.

scholarly journals Frequency-dependent success of aggressive mimics in a cleaning symbiosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 272 (1581) ◽  
pp. 2635-2639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L Cheney ◽  
Isabelle M Côté
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Coral Reef Fishes ◽  
Cleaning Symbiosis ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Frequency Dependent Selection ◽  
Labroides Dimidiatus ◽  
Aggressive Mimicry

Batesian mimics—palatable organisms that resemble unpalatable ones—are usually maintained in populations by frequency-dependent selection. We tested whether this mechanism was also responsible for the maintenance of aggressive mimicry in natural populations of coral reef fishes. The attack success of bluestriped fangblennies ( Plagiotremus rhinorhynchos ), which mimic juvenile bluestreaked cleaner wrasses ( Labroides dimidiatus ) in colour but tear flesh and scales from fishes instead of removing ectoparasites, was frequency-dependent, increasing as mimics became rarer relative to their model. However, cleaner mimics were also more successful on reefs with higher densities of potential victims, perhaps because a dilution-like effect creates few opportunities for potential victims to learn to avoid mimics. Further studies should reveal whether this second mechanism is specific to aggressive mimicry.

Chronicle of a Journey

2011 ◽  
pp. 75-105
Author(s):  
Alex Kosachev ◽  
Hamid Nemati
Keyword(s):  
Complex Structure ◽  
System Security ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
The Future ◽  
Intended Receiver ◽  
Privacy Issues ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Bounce Back

Every email that originates from outside of an organization must go through a series of firewalls and gateways before reaching the intended recipient inside the organization. During this journey, each email may get scanned for possible viruses or other malicious programming codes. In some cases, the e-mail may also receive a score based on the possibility of spam content. On any stage of this processing email can be quarantined, or moved to a spam folder for the future possible analysis or simply deleted. Understandably, such complex structure helps secure the company’s internal infrastructure, however, e-mails have become an important tool in marketing for many e-commerce organizations and if marketing e-mails do not get to their intended receiver, the sending company will be disadvantaged. Therefore, from the point of view of the sender of an e-mail, it is important to understand the faith of the e-mail that was sent and whether it was received as intended. In this case study, we describe an e-mail bounce back system that was developed by a major e-commerce company in order to understand whether its e-mail based marketing was successful in delivering the intended message to its customers. In addition to the describing the development of the system, security and privacy issues are also discussed.

scholarly journals Zooplankton in Arabian Sea, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariadoss Kalaiarasi ◽  
Periyasamy Ambikadevi ◽  
Jayaseelan Bharath ◽  
Chelladurai Stella
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Mixing ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Faunal Assemblages ◽  
The Past ◽  
Vertical Turbulent Mixing

The abundance of zooplankton in marine environment has direct influence on fishery resources and it is influenced by environmental parameters such as circulatory movements (eddies) and vertical turbulent mixing. The important role of plankton including both microzooplankton and macrozooplankton in supporting life in the sea was recognized in the past, but the study related to ecology of these organisms has still recently formed as intractable aspect in marine ecosystem.  Life in the sea has been broadly classified into three groups, viz., the plankton, the nekton and the benthos. The majority of the faunal assemblages of the plankton consists of zooplankton. Among the various levels of production in the sea the secondary production, i.e., production of zooplankton, attains significance as it serves as a link between primary production and tertiary production. The zooplankton chiefly consumes the primary producers and forms the major food source for tertiary producers. Zooplankton plays an important role in coral reef ecosystem. They serve as food for corals, and a variety of other invertebrates and reef fishes. From the fishery point of view, zooplankton forms food of/ from important batfishes belonging to the families Clupeidae, Caesionidae and Apogonidae. Some fishes are exclusively zooplankton feeders and therefore their abundance is directly linked to the presence of zooplankton.

scholarly journals Ichthyocenosis of the Podolský Brook spring section in the Hrubý Jeseník mountains (Upper River Odra basin) within the context of the presence of fish predators

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Bohumír Lojkásek ◽  
Stanislav Lusk ◽  
Jiří Mlčoušek
Keyword(s):  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Fish Predators ◽  
Population Structures ◽  
Cottus Poecilopus

Abstract The study summarises results of the ichthyologic research of the Podolský and Stříbrný brooks in Hrubý Jeseník. The research was organised for the purpose of finding the actual situation in the fish settlements in the sections of interest and to make suggestions for their further management benefiting the original fish communities. The results have shown that there is the community of water organisms with naturally reproducing Cottus poecilopus and Salmo trutta in both partly adjusted water flows which have not been restocked by man since 1996. The facts found within the research suggest that the biologically correct way for the further development of fish populations in the Podolský and Stříbrný brooks may be the maintenance of the existing natural conditions while no local adjustments of the flow beds along roads should be excluded. The research results have proved that the existing natural conditions and the very limited anthropogenic pressure put on the water biocenoses have been the decisive factors during the formation of the now existing fish population structures which can be assessed as good from the ecological point of view. Because of that we have recommended to the manager of the water flows neither interfering in the development of the current fish populations nor restocking any fishes. We consider the finding that the age structure and the high numbers of Salmo trutta and Cottus poecilopus have been, in the given situations, the indicators of their populations’ ability, even at the sympatric presence of Lutra lutra and Ciconia nigra, resistant against the predators’ pressure, as very important.

scholarly journals Los peces del arrecife de Cabo Pulmo, Golfo de California, México: Lista sistemática y aspectos de abundancia y biogeografía

1969 ◽  
pp. 413-424
Author(s):  
Antonio Villarreal-Cavazos ◽  
Héctor Reyes-Bonilla ◽  
Benito Bermúdez-Almada ◽  
Oscar Arizpe Covarrubias
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Mexican Pacific ◽  
Local Species Richness ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Systematic List ◽  
Total Species

The Cabo Pulmo reef is the most important coral formation of the Gulf of California; however, its ichthyological fauna has been poorly studied. To produce a systematic list with data on relative abundance and frequency, and biogeographical affinities, we relied on visual census, field observatíons, analysis of commercial and sport fisheries (from 1986 to 1998), and the literature. A total of 236 species have been recorded at Cabo Pulmo (155 genera and 60 families). This number doubles previous compilations and represents 65.1 % of aH reef fishes known from the Gulf of California, and about 35% of its entire shallow-water fishes. Of the total species number, 68.3% are from the Panamic Province, 11.0% Indo Pacific colonizers and the same percentage gulf endemics, 7.6% are circumtropical, 1.7% Atlantic and 0.5% cosmopolitan; none are endemic to the reef. The most abundant taxa are the Jabrids Thalassoma lucasanum, T grammaticum and the pomacentrid Chromis atrilobata. Only eleven species (4.7% of total) appeared in 75% to 100% of census, and 36 (15.3% oí" total) had high levels of both abundance and frequency, evidencing that the communíty is dominated by few taxa. Local species richness exceeds the number reported for most rocky or coral reefs of the Pacific coast of México. and indicates that Cabo Pulmo is a key area in the gulf and the entire Mexican Pacific, from the ichthyolC1gical point of view.

scholarly journals STATUS PERIKANAN PANAH DI KEPULAUAN KARIMUNJAWA KABUPATEN JEPARA JAWA TENGAH BERDASARKAN CCRF (CCRF Perspective on Spearfisheries in Karimunjawa Islands, Jepara District Central Java)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Hamba Ainul Mubarok ◽  
Sugeng Hari Wisudo ◽  
Budhi Hascaryo Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fishing Ground ◽  
Safety Standard ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
Job Safety ◽  
Diving Safety

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Speargun is productive fishing gear,spearfishermen catch numerous reef fishes such as yellow tail, snapper grouper,andother fish species.Spearfishermen dive to spear fishes. Air supply diving is common in spearfishing, therefore spearfishermen facing a huge health risk. Diving safety standard should be applied by spearfishermen to prevent various diving diseases.Research objectives wereto determine the Karimunjawa spearfishing status by the CCRF perspective and describe job safety analysis.Fishing gear used by fishermen consists of a gun made of wood with a rubber strap to hurl an arrow made of rust resistant metal.Coral reef is spear fisheries main fishing ground, which is vulnerable ecosystem therefore spearfishing has to carry out carefully. Spearfishing operations is a high-risk activities, fishermen have to be very careful and perform diving safety standards so that the potential risks can be avoided. Karimunjawa spear fisheries, in the CCRF perspective point of view, denote fisheries that support the CCRF concept, despite of several aspects that need to take notice of seriously. Among them isthe fishermen awareness to comply and perform code of conduct and safety standards in the fishing operations and prudence in carrying out fishing operations in the coral reef ecosystems.<br />Key words: CCRF, Karimunjawa, safety standard and spearfishing</p><p>------</p><p><br />ABSTRAK<br />Panah adalah alat tangkap yang cukup produktif. Nelayan panah menangkap berbagai jenis ikan karang, seperti ekor kuning, kakap dan kerapu serta jenis ikan lainnya. Nelayan panah menyelam untuk menombak ikan. Pasokan udara dipompakan dari kompresor yang biasa digunakan untuk mengisi udara ban kendaraan. Oleh karena itu nelayan menghadapi risiko bahaya yang besar. Standar keselamatan penyelaman harus diterapkan oleh nelayan untuk mencegah berbagai penyakit penyelaman. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan status perikanan panah di Karimunjawa dengan perspektif CCRF dan analisis keselamatan kerja. Penelitian dilaksanakan di perairan Kepulauan Karimunjawa, Kabupaten Jepara, Jawa Tengah, antara bulan Oktober – November 2011. Metode survei digunakan sebagai metode penelitian. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi deskripsi unit tangkap panah, analisis perikanan panah berdasarkan CCRF dan analisis keselamatan kerja (Job Safety Analysis – JSA). Alat tangkap yang digunakan oleh nelayan terdiri dari senapan yang terbuat dari kayu dengan tali karet untuk melontarkan panah yang terbuat dari besi tahan karat. Ekosistem terumbu karang adalah daerah penangkapan utama perikanan panah. Sementara itu, terumbu karang merupakan ekosistem yang rentan. Operasi perikanan panah adalah kegiatan berisiko tinggi. Oleh karena itu nelayan harus sangat berhati-hati dan mengikuti standar keselamatan penyelaman, sehingga potensi risiko dapat dihindari. Perikanan panah di Karimunjawa, dari perspektif CCRF, merupakan kegiatan perikanan yang mendukung konsep CCRF, meskipun terdapat beberapa aspek yang perlu diperhatikan secara serius. Aspek tersebut diantaranya adalah kesadaran nelayan untuk mematuhi dan melaksanakan standar CCRF dan aspek keselamatan dalam operasi penangkapan ikan serta kehati-hatian dalam melaksanakan operasi penangkapan ikan di ekosistem terumbu karang.</p><p><br />Kata kunci: CCRF, Karimunjawa, perikanan panah dan standar keselamatan</p>

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