scholarly journals Covid-19 vaccination intentions among Canadian parents of 9-12 year old children: results from the All Our Families longitudinal cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Hetherington ◽  
Sarah A Edwards ◽  
Shannon E MacDonald ◽  
Nicole Racine ◽  
Sheri Madigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort ◽  
Vaccination History ◽  
Qualitative Responses ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundAcceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine is critical to achieving high levels of immunization. The objective of this study is to understand factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine intentions among parents and explore reasons underlying decision making.MethodsParticipants from a longitudinal cohort were invited to participate in a COVID-19 impact survey in May-June 2020 (n=1321). Parents were asked about the impact of the pandemic and their intention to vaccinate their child against COVID-19 should a vaccine be approved. Past infant vaccination status was validated against public health records. Multinomial regression models were run to estimate associations between demographic factors, past vaccination status, and vaccine intention. Qualitative responses regarding factors impacting decision making were analyzed thematically.ResultsSixty percent of parents (n=798) intended to vaccinate their children, but 9% (n=113) said they did not intend to vaccinate and 31% (n=410) were unsure. Lower education and income were inversely associated with intention to vaccinate. Incomplete vaccination history was associated with intention not to vaccinate but not uncertainty. Qualitative responses revealed concerns over vaccine safety and efficacy, long term effects and a rushed vaccination process.InterpretationAlmost a third of parents remain unsure about vaccinating their children against COVID-19, even within a group with historically high uptake of infant vaccines. Given the many uncertainties about future COVID-19 vaccines, clear communication regarding safety will be critical to ensuring vaccine uptake.

scholarly journals A Diffusion Model Approach for Understanding the Impact of 17 Interventions on the Race Implicit Association Test

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Röhner ◽  
Calvin K. Lai
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Sham Intervention ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Speed Accuracy

<p>Performance on implicit measures reflects construct-specific and non-construct-specific processes. This creates an interpretive issue for understanding interventions to change implicit measures: change in performance could reflect changes in the constructs-of-interest or changes in other mental processes. We re-analyzed data from six studies (<i>N</i> = 23,342) to examine the process-level effects of 17 interventions and one sham intervention to change race Implicit Association Test (IAT) performance. Diffusion models decompose overall IAT performance (<i>D</i>-scores) into construct-specific (ease of decision-making), and non-construct-specific processes (speed-accuracy tradeoffs, non-decision-related processes like motor execution). Interventions that effectively reduced <i>D-</i>scores changed ease of decision-making on compatible and incompatible trials. They also eliminated differences in speed-accuracy tradeoffs between compatible and incompatible trials. Non-decision-related processes were impacted by two interventions only. There was little evidence that interventions had any long-term effects. These findings highlight the value of diffusion modeling for understanding the mechanisms by which interventions affect implicit measure performance.</p>

scholarly journals A Diffusion Model Approach for Understanding the Impact of 17 Interventions on the Race Implicit Association Test

2020 ◽  
pp. 014616722097448
Author(s):  
Jessica Röhner ◽  
Calvin K. Lai
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Speed Accuracy

Performance on implicit measures reflects construct-specific and nonconstruct-specific processes. This creates an interpretive issue for understanding interventions to change implicit measures: Change in performance could reflect changes in the constructs of interest or changes in other mental processes. We reanalyzed data from six studies ( N = 23,342) to examine the process-level effects of 17 interventions and one sham intervention to change race implicit association test (IAT) performance. Diffusion models decompose overall IAT performance ( D-scores) into construct-specific (ease of decision-making) and nonconstruct-specific processes (speed–accuracy trade-offs, non-decision-related processes like motor execution). Interventions that effectively reduced D-scores changed ease of decision-making on compatible and incompatible trials. They also eliminated differences in speed–accuracy trade-offs between compatible and incompatible trials. Non-decision-related processes were affected by two interventions only. There was little evidence that interventions had any long-term effects. These findings highlight the value of diffusion modeling for understanding the mechanisms by which interventions affect implicit measure performance.

scholarly journals Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahao Wang ◽  
Rize Jing ◽  
Xiaozhen Lai ◽  
Haijun Zhang ◽  
Yun Lyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Vaccine Price ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccination Acceptance ◽  
The Impact

Background: Faced with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the development of COVID-19 vaccines has been progressing at an unprecedented rate. This study aimed to evaluate the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination in China and give suggestions for vaccination strategies and immunization programs accordingly. Methods: In March 2020, an anonymous cross-sectional survey was conducted online among Chinese adults. The questionnaire collected socio-demographic characteristics, risk perception, the impact of COVID-19, attitudes, acceptance and attribute preferences of vaccines against COVID-19 during the pandemic. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the influencing factors of vaccination acceptance. Results: Of the 2058 participants surveyed, 1879 (91.3%) stated that they would accept COVID-19 vaccination after the vaccine becomes available, among whom 980 (52.2%) wanted to get vaccinated as soon as possible, while others (47.8%) would delay the vaccination until the vaccine’s safety was confirmed. Participants preferred a routine immunization schedule (49.4%) to emergency vaccination (9.0%) or either of them (41.6%). Logistic regression showed that being male, being married, perceiving a high risk of infection, being vaccinated against influenza in the past season, believing in the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination or valuing doctor’s recommendations could increase the probability of accepting COVID-19 vaccination as soon as possible, while having confirmed or suspected cases in local areas, valuing vaccination convenience or vaccine price in decision-making could hinder participants from immediate vaccination. Conclusion: During the pandemic period, a strong demand for and high acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination has been shown among the Chinese population, while concerns about vaccine safety may hinder the promotion of vaccine uptake. To expand vaccination coverage, immunization programs should be designed to remove barriers in terms of vaccine price and vaccination convenience, and health education and communication from authoritative sources are important ways to alleviate public concerns about vaccine safety.

scholarly journals A Diffusion Model Approach for Understanding the Impact of 17 Interventions on the Race Implicit Association Test

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Röhner ◽  
Calvin K. Lai
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Sham Intervention ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Speed Accuracy

<p>Performance on implicit measures reflects construct-specific and non-construct-specific processes. This creates an interpretive issue for understanding interventions to change implicit measures: change in performance could reflect changes in the constructs-of-interest or changes in other mental processes. We re-analyzed data from six studies (<i>N</i> = 23,342) to examine the process-level effects of 17 interventions and one sham intervention to change race Implicit Association Test (IAT) performance. Diffusion models decompose overall IAT performance (<i>D</i>-scores) into construct-specific (ease of decision-making), and non-construct-specific processes (speed-accuracy tradeoffs, non-decision-related processes like motor execution). Interventions that effectively reduced <i>D-</i>scores changed ease of decision-making on compatible and incompatible trials. They also eliminated differences in speed-accuracy tradeoffs between compatible and incompatible trials. Non-decision-related processes were impacted by two interventions only. There was little evidence that interventions had any long-term effects. These findings highlight the value of diffusion modeling for understanding the mechanisms by which interventions affect implicit measure performance.</p>

scholarly journals The impact of repeated vaccination using 10-year vaccination history on protection against influenza in older adults: a test-negative design study across the 2010/11 to 2015/16 influenza seasons in Ontario, Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C Kwong ◽  
Hannah Chung ◽  
James KH Jung ◽  
Sarah A Buchan ◽  
Aaron Campigotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Health Administrative Data ◽  
Negative Study ◽  
Vaccination History ◽  
The Impact

Introduction Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for older adults, but evidence regarding the impact of repeated vaccination has been inconclusive. Aim We investigated vaccine effectiveness (VE) against laboratory-confirmed influenza and the impact of repeated vaccination over 10 previous seasons on current season VE among older adults. Methods We conducted an observational test-negative study in community-dwelling adults aged > 65 years in Ontario, Canada for the 2010/11 to 2015/16 seasons by linking laboratory and health administrative data. We estimated VE using multivariable logistic regression. We assessed the impact of repeated vaccination by stratifying by previous vaccination history. Results We included 58,304 testing episodes for respiratory viruses, with 11,496 (20%) testing positive for influenza and 31,004 (53%) vaccinated. Adjusted VE against laboratory-confirmed influenza for the six seasons combined was 21% (95% confidence interval (CI): 18 to 24%). Patients who were vaccinated in the current season, but had received no vaccinations in the previous 10 seasons, had higher current season VE (34%; 95%CI: 9 to 52%) than patients who had received 1–3 (26%; 95%CI: 13 to 37%), 4–6 (24%; 95%CI: 15 to 33%), 7–8 (13%; 95%CI: 2 to 22%), or 9–10 (7%; 95%CI: −4 to 16%) vaccinations (trend test p = 0.001). All estimates were higher after correcting for misclassification of current season vaccination status. For patients who were not vaccinated in the current season, residual protection rose significantly with increasing numbers of vaccinations received previously. Conclusions Although VE appeared to decrease with increasing numbers of previous vaccinations, current season vaccination likely provides some protection against influenza regardless of the number of vaccinations received over the previous 10 influenza seasons.

scholarly journals A diffusion model approach for understanding the impact of 17 interventions on the race Implicit Association Test

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Röhner ◽  
Calvin K. Lai
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Sham Intervention ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Speed Accuracy

Performance on implicit measures reflects construct-specific and non-construct-specific processes. This creates an interpretive issue for understanding interventions to change implicit measures: change in performance could reflect changes in the constructs-of-interest or changes in other mental processes. We re-analyzed data from six studies (N = 23,342) to examine the process-level effects of 17 interventions and one sham intervention to change race Implicit Association Test (IAT) performance. Diffusion models decompose overall IAT performance (D-scores) into construct-specific (ease of decision-making), and non-construct-specific processes (speed-accuracy tradeoffs, non-decision-related processes like motor execution). Interventions that effectively reduced D-scores changed ease of decision-making on compatible and incompatible trials. They also eliminated differences in speed-accuracy tradeoffs between compatible and incompatible trials. Non-decision-related processes were impacted by two interventions only. There was little evidence that interventions had any long-term effects. These findings highlight the value of diffusion modeling for understanding the mechanisms by which interventions affect implicit measure performance.

scholarly journals Non-EPI Vaccine Hesitancy among Chinese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 772
Author(s):  
Jianli Wang ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Sigui Long ◽  
Xin Fu ◽  
Xiaoxuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Western China ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is paramount to curtailing the pandemic. However, the impact of the Non-Expanded Program on Immunization (non-EPI) and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy on vaccine uptake among Chinese adults remain unclear. This study was an online survey performed in Eastern, Central, and Western China between February 2021 and March 2021 using proportional sampling (n = 7381). Adults aged ≥ 18 years were included, especially younger people (aged < 65). Vaccine hesitancy was assessed using the 3C model and relative scales; logistic regression was used to explore the factors affecting vaccination uptake; structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the correlations between variables. Overall, 67.6% and 24.7% of adults reported vaccine hesitancy toward the non-EPI and COVID-19 vaccines, respectively. Participants (66.3%) reported taking the vaccine mainly based on recommendations from medical staff. Vaccine-hesitant participants (60.5%) reported a fear of side effects as the deciding factor in vaccine rejection. Vaccine hesitancy interacted negatively with confidence (β = −0.349, p < 0.001) and convenience (β = −0.232, p < 0.001), and positively with complacence (β = 0.838, p < 0.001). Nonmedical personnel, adults who had previously received the influenza vaccine, and older people had lower vaccine hesitancy than their counterparts. Most Chinese adults have non-EPI but not COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine safety remains a concern.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Anti-Vaccine Sentiments: Analyses of Comments from Social Media

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1530
Author(s):  
Li Ping Wong ◽  
Yulan Lin ◽  
Haridah Alias ◽  
Sazaly Abu Bakar ◽  
Qinjian Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Messages ◽  
Vaccination Decision ◽  
Duration Of Protection

Purpose: This study analyzed the insights and sentiments of COVID-19 anti-vaccine comments from Instagram feeds and Facebook postings. The sentiments related to the acceptance and effectiveness of the vaccines that were on the verge of being made available to the public. Patients and methods: The qualitative software QSR-NVivo 10 was used to manage, code, and analyse the data. Results: The analyses uncovered several major issues concerning COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. The production of the COVID-19 vaccine at an unprecedented speed evoked the fear of skipping steps that would compromise vaccine safety. The unknown long-term effects and duration of protection erode confidence in taking the vaccines. There were also persistent concerns with regard to vaccine compositions that could be harmful or contain aborted foetal cells. The rate of COVID-19 death was viewed as low. Many interpreted the 95% effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine as insufficient. Preference for immunity gains from having an infection was viewed as more effective. Peer-reviewed publication-based data were favoured as a source of trust in vaccination decision-making. Conclusions: The anti-COVID-19 vaccine sentiments found in this study provide important insights for the formulation of public health messages to instill confidence in the vaccines.

scholarly journals The Assesses Impact Of Motherly Awareness On Pediatric Vaccine Uptake

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-148
Author(s):  
Sadaf Abid Ali ◽  
Sumera Ishrat
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Pediatric Vaccination ◽  
The Impact

Pediatric vaccination is the greatest instrument for children’ health. It avoids infection and viruses of under 2 years of children. Numerous nations are appearing unwilling for pediatric immunization. There is a vital barrier to pediatric vaccination, which is associated with the lack of maternal awareness (line remove)The current study is designed to evaluate the childhood vaccination-related diseases, mother’s awareness, practice, perception and these impact on the pediatric vaccination status, additionally, to know the children’s health conditions level in Gadap town, Karachi Pakistan. This study assesses the impact of childhood vaccination as protecting shield which associated with the mother’s awareness, practices as well as the mothers’ perception. Evaluate the childhood immunization’s benefits and health risk for not choosing vaccination of their children and its effect on childhood vaccination status. In this study purposive technique of non-probability sampling is used to select sample of mothers whose children age up to 2 years. This selection is done by keeping in mind the objective of the research. The total sample was 280 who were under two years of children’s mothers. The research design was qualitative and quantitative, furthermore, the exploratory design was used, and the in-depth interviews have been conducted from each mother. The research instrument has personal information, pediatric vaccination status, pediatric vaccine practice, mothers awareness about benefits, health risk, vaccine-preventable diseases related information, additionally, know the mother’s Perception regarding the pediatric mortality and morbidity ,furthermore, the level of motherly awareness and pediatric vaccination practice which were scored according to mother’s answers.

Quota Women Are Threatening to Men

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klea Faniko ◽  
Till Burckhardt ◽  
Oriane Sarrasin ◽  
Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi ◽  
Siri Øyslebø Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Women In Decision Making ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Two studies carried out among Albanian public-sector employees examined the impact of different types of affirmative action policies (AAPs) on (counter)stereotypical perceptions of women in decision-making positions. Study 1 (N = 178) revealed that participants – especially women – perceived women in decision-making positions as more masculine (i.e., agentic) than feminine (i.e., communal). Study 2 (N = 239) showed that different types of AA had different effects on the attribution of gender stereotypes to AAP beneficiaries: Women benefiting from a quota policy were perceived as being more communal than agentic, while those benefiting from weak preferential treatment were perceived as being more agentic than communal. Furthermore, we examined how the belief that AAPs threaten men’s access to decision-making positions influenced the attribution of these traits to AAP beneficiaries. The results showed that men who reported high levels of perceived threat, as compared to men who reported low levels of perceived threat, attributed more communal than agentic traits to the beneficiaries of quotas. These findings suggest that AAPs may have created a backlash against its beneficiaries by emphasizing gender-stereotypical or counterstereotypical traits. Thus, the framing of AAPs, for instance, as a matter of enhancing organizational performance, in the process of policy making and implementation, may be a crucial tool to countering potential backlash.

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