scholarly journals Phylogenomic insights into the divergent history and hybridization within the East Asian endemic Abelia (Caprifoliaceae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinghui Sun ◽  
Diego F Morales-Briones ◽  
Hongxin Wang ◽  
Jacob F. Landis ◽  
Jun Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Network Evolution ◽  
Disjunct Distribution ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Range Contraction ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
The Ryukyu Islands

Background and Aims Abelia (Caprifoliaceae) is a small genus with five species (including one artificial hybrid). The genus has a disjunct distribution across mainland China, Taiwan and the Ryukyu Islands, providing a model system to explore species dispersal mechanisms of the East Asian flora. However, the current phylogenetic relationships within Abelia remain controversial. Methods In this study, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships within Abelia using nuclear loci generated by target enrichment and the cpDNA from genome skimming. Key Results: We found large cytonuclear discordance across the genus. Based on the nuclear and chloroplast phylogenies we proposed to merge A. schumannii into A. macrotera, and A. macrotera var. mairei into A. uniflora. Divergence time estimation, ancestral area reconstruction, and ecological niche modelling (ENM) were used to examine the biogeographic history of Abelia. Our results showed that Abelia originated in Southwest China, and diversification began in the Early Eocene, followed by A. chinensis var. ionandra colonizing Taiwan in the Middle Miocene. The ENM results suggested an expansion of climatically suitable areas during the Last Glacial Maximum and range contraction during the Last Interglacial. Disjunction between the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountain region (HHM) and Taiwan is most likely the consequence of topographic isolation and postglacial contraction. Conclusions Overall, our results supports that postglacial range contraction together with topographic heterogeneity resulted in the Taiwan and China mainland disjunction. Furthermore, when we using genome data to reconstruct the phylogeny of related species, branch evolution and network evolution should be considered, as well as gene flow in historical periods. This research provide new insights for the speciation process and taxonomy of Abelia.

The Quasi-War in East Asia: Japan's Expedition to Taiwan and the Ryūkyū Controversy

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Pak-Wah Leung
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Political Status ◽  
The Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Japanese Subjects

AbstractThe 1870s witnessed mounting tension among East Asian countries. In 1874,. Japan sent an expeditionary force to Taiwan to punish the aborigines there who had, in 1871, killed fifty-four shipwrecked Ryūkyūans (Liu-ch'iuans). By doing so, according to many scholars today, Japan was able to claim retroactively that the Ryūkyūan castaways were legally Japanese subjects, thereby ending the Sino-Japanese dispute over the ambiguous political status of the Ryūkyū Islands (the Chūzan Kingdom of Ryūkyū paid tribute to both China and the Satsuma-han of Japan before the 18705).This paper is a reappraisal of this episode of the ‘Quasi-war’ in East Asia. By going into the Chinese, Japanese, Ryūkyūan, and Western sources, it unfolds some unknown events which directly and indirectly led to the Japanese decision to send forces to Taiwan, as well as the Chinese reactions. The conclusion of this paper refutes the customary view which holds that China had in 1874 ‘renounced her claim over Ryūkyū and yielded to the Japanese claim she had earlier disputed.’ As this paper will show, neither Soejima Taneomi nor Ōkubo Toshimichi had succeeded in securing any Chinese endorsement of Japan's sovereign right over Ryūky¯. Nor did the Sino-Japanese Treaty of 1874, concerning the settlement of the Taiwan crisis, legally settle the Ryūkyū problem, since Ryūky¯ was never mentioned in the Treaty. As a result, the issue continued to trouble Peking and Tokyo in the years that immediately followed.

scholarly journals Last interglacial coral record of enhanced insolation seasonality and seawater18O enrichment in the Ryukyu Islands, northwest Pacific

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (19) ◽  
pp. 3685-3688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Suzuki ◽  
Michael K. Gagan ◽  
Patrick De Deckker ◽  
Akio Omura ◽  
Izuru Yukino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
The Ryukyu Islands

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Relationships between the Tideland Snails Batillaria flectosiphonata in the Ryukyu Islands and B. multiformis in the Japanese Islands

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1423-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeaki Kojima ◽  
Satomi Kamimura ◽  
Taeko Kimura ◽  
Ikuo Hayashi ◽  
Akiko Iijima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
The Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Japanese Islands

Founding of the Ming Dynasty and the Rise of the Ryukyu Kingdom

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoru Akamine
Keyword(s):  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Trading Partner ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Okinawa Island ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
The Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Tribute System ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Ming Dynasty

With the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Hongwu announced a ban on sea travel to try and control wakō pirates. He established a tribute system whereby countries that accepted the Chinese emperor as sovereign could send tribute trade missions to and from China. Because the pirates frequented the Ryukyu Islands, Hongwu had a preference policy toward Ryukyu to obtain their help in controlling wakō pirates. Of the three domains dominating Okinawa Island, Chūzan emerged as China’s main trading partner, and this began the process of unifying the Ryukyu Kingdom. A number of Chinese merchants, traditionally known as “the Thirty-six Families” relocated to Ryukyu to facilitate tribute trade, though the author disputes the conventional view of this as a “gift” from China. By the end of the chapter, Ryukyu is poised to be a key player – a cornerstone – in the East Asian trade sphere.

scholarly journals Ecological niche modelling of the wattled crane (Bugeranus carunculatus) suggest range expansion and contraction during the Pleistocene

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Augusta Zacarias
Keyword(s):  
Range Expansion ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Disjunct Distribution ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
Climatic Scenarios ◽  
Climate Suitability ◽  
Gains And Losses

AbstractThis paper attempts to understand the potential effects of historical climate changes on the distribution of the wattled crane (Bugeranus carunculatus). The potential distribution in past and present climatic scenarios is investigated through ensemble distribution modelling of 232 independent and sparsely distributed occurrence records. Potential effects of climate change were evaluated by means on niche overlap and niche gains and losses across time scales. Massive range expansion was observed from the Last Interglacial (LIG) era to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), with loss of suitability in most areas of western Africa and an increase in suitability across southern and eastern Africa. From the LGM, climate suitability tended to establish in southern and eastern Africa with slight disjunction in the mid-Holocene, a trend that was maintained through current distribution. Results indicate the presence of southern and northern refugia, with massive range expansion in central populations. These results support the idea that the current disjunct distribution of the wattled crane is driven by climate oscillations during the Pleistocene that generated range expansion and retraction of the species and also support the hypothesis that the current occurrence of the species is driven by other factors such as food and habitat availability.

scholarly journals Diversification of mandarin citrus by hybrid speciation and apomixis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohong Albert Wu ◽  
Chikatoshi Sugimoto ◽  
Hideyasu Kinjo ◽  
Chika Azama ◽  
Fumimasa Mitsube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Analysis ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Hybrid Speciation ◽  
Comparative Genome Analysis ◽  
Hybrid Species ◽  
The Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Homoploid Hybrid ◽  
Rapid Diffusion ◽  
Apomictic Reproduction

AbstractThe origin and dispersal of cultivated and wild mandarin and related citrus are poorly understood. Here, comparative genome analysis of 69 new east Asian genomes and other mainland Asian citrus reveals a previously unrecognized wild sexual species native to the Ryukyu Islands: C. ryukyuensis sp. nov. The taxonomic complexity of east Asian mandarins then collapses to a satisfying simplicity, accounting for tachibana, shiikuwasha, and other traditional Ryukyuan mandarin types as homoploid hybrid species formed by combining C. ryukyuensis with various mainland mandarins. These hybrid species reproduce clonally by apomictic seed, a trait shared with oranges, grapefruits, lemons and many cultivated mandarins. We trace the origin of apomixis alleles in citrus to mangshanyeju wild mandarins, which played a central role in citrus domestication via adaptive wild introgression. Our results provide a coherent biogeographic framework for understanding the diversity and domestication of mandarin-type citrus through speciation, admixture, and rapid diffusion of apomictic reproduction.

Phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of the genus Tokudaia within Murinae (Muridae; Rodentia) inferred from the nucleotide sequences encoding the Cytb gene, RAG 1, and IRBP

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 1343-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun J Sato ◽  
Hitoshi Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Codon Positions ◽  
Recombination Activating Gene ◽  
Rag 1

The phylogenetic relationships of six genera of Murinae (Apodemus, Diplothrix, Micromys, Mus, Rattus, and Tokudaia) were examined using the nucleotide sequences for the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cytb), as well as the nuclear recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1) and interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), with special emphasis on the position of the genus Tokudaia, which is endemic to the Ryukyu Islands. Compared with Cytb at all codon positions, the first and second codon positions of Cytb, RAG1 (1002 base pairs (bp)), and IRBP (1586 bp) sequences were less prone to saturation. Close affinity between the genera Tokudaia and Apodemus was observed in the analyses using the IRBP (1586 bp) and combined nuclear (2588 bp; RAG1 + IRBP) sequences. The divergence time for the Tokudaia–Apodemus clade was estimated at approximately 6.5–8.0 Ma, which is more recent than previously reported, thereby indicating the recent colonization of the Ryukyu Islands by the genus Tokudaia. The other relationships among the main genera were highly ambiguous, owing either to saturation or insufficient phylogenetic information. The radiation of the main genera within a relatively short period of evolutionary time may explain the unresolved topologies, although molecular sources that are less subject to saturation are required to resolve the outstanding issues.

The Gusuku Period

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoru Akamine
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
High Demand ◽  
The Ryukyu Islands

This chapter looks at the Gusuku period (roughly the fifteenth century), when Ryukyu was divided into two cultural spheres – northern and southern. This period saw the rise of local fiefs, and increased trade between them and others in East Asia (Japan, China, Korea, etc.). The chapter describes how Song China developed an East Asian Trade sphere that encompassed all the surrounding countries, including the various fiefdoms in the Ryukyu Islands. The Ryukyus specialized in sulphur and mother-of-pearl, both in high demand in the region. As Japan ceased trading directly with China, Ryukyu became an important go-between.

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