Jurisprudence and demand for halal meat in OIC

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (7) ◽  
pp. 1614-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Majeed ◽  
Hussein Al-Zyoud ◽  
Naved Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Trade Flows ◽  
Import Demand ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Lag Variables ◽  
Meat Market

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to estimate the import demand function for halal meat in member countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and to suggest some policy recommendations for OIC members that can enhance intra-OIC halal meat trade. Design/methodology/approach By using an augmented gravity model, this study empirically estimates the major determinants of halal meat import demand in OIC member countries. Moreover, a major determinant is the difference in Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh). Findings The results of this study show that the variation in Islamic jurisprudence is one of the primary determinants of intra-regional trade of halal meat import demand in OIC member countries. Research limitations/implications Although trade flows are set up in several years and lag variables are well capable to examine trade flows, this study only includes the static nature of halal meat trade flows toward selected top 20 OIC member countries. Practical implications This study suggests that developing a common halal meat market and one halal certification body under the OIC can enhance intra-OIC halal meat trade, this may be a challenge given the five diverse interpretations of halal meat within Islamic jurisprudence among OIC member countries. Originality/value This paper identifies the role of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) in determining the import demand of halal meat in OIC countries, which has not been addressed in empirical literature. It also provides some policy implications to ameliorate the declining trend of intra-OIC trade flows of halal meat.

Regional and rural school consolidation: a scoping study of research literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-491
Author(s):  
Scott Eacott ◽  
Amanda Freeborn
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Base ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
School Consolidation ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Rural And Remote ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Scoping Study ◽  
Remote Locations ◽  
Robust Evidence

Purpose School consolidation reforms are underway in regional New South Wales (NSW), Australia. The purpose of this paper is to establish an evidence base of research literature on school consolidation in regional, rural and remote locations. Design/methodology/approach A scoping study of empirical literature on school consolidation, with a particular focus on regional, rural and remote education, since the year 2000 was undertaken. A corpus of 35 papers were identified and subjected to analysis based on: year of publication, country of origin, unit of analysis, data sources, timeframe and theoretical model. Findings There remains a limited evidence base for the success of school consolidation reforms for turning around student outcomes. In addition, a number of social implications are experienced by communities losing their local school. These issues are amplified in regional, rural and remote locations. Practical implications School consolidation reforms are used by governments/systems wanting to reduce costs and address issues of student disengagement and under-achievement. Despite a lengthy history internationally, there is at best mixed evidence regarding these reforms. With a consider disparity gap between urban and regional, rural and remote school outcomes, robust evidence on the success of reforms has major policy implications for government, systems, educators and communities. Originality/value With reforms already underway in NSW (and elsewhere), the need for a rigorous and robust evidence base, such as this scoping study, is timely and significant.

scholarly journals Health care investments and economic performance in Portugal: an industry level analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1174-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo M. Pereira ◽  
Rui M. Pereira ◽  
Pedro G. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Net Exports ◽  
Capital Spending

Purpose The purpose of this paper, on Portugal, is to determine the economic effects of public and private capital spending on health. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a vector autoregressive model to estimate the elasticities and marginal products of health care investments in Portugal on investment, employment and output. Findings Every €1m invested in health care yields significant positive spillover effects, boosting investment and GDP by €24.74 and €20.45m, respectively, creating 188 net jobs. Adversely, net exports deteriorate, as new capital goods are imported. While only 28.2 percent of the total accumulated increase in GDP occurs within a year, investment is front loaded with a corresponding 73.8 percent. Over this period, 68 workers are displaced for every €1m invested. At a disaggregated level, real estate, construction, and transportation and storage are industries where output shares increase the most. Employment shares increase the most in professional services, construction and basic metals. Research limitations/implications This paper adds to the empirical literature, corroborating, for example, Rivera and Currais (1999a) and McDonald and Roberts (2002) in that health care spending can have a very significant effect on macroeconomic aggregates. In addition to the analysis of the tradable/non-tradable divide, it adds two further novelties by discussing industry-specific effects on economic performance and the distinction between effects on impact and those over the longer term. Practical implications As policy implications, health investments have very significant long-term economic performance effects, but are unhelpful counter cyclically. Also, they will change the industry mix: construction and professional services are the non-traded industries that will benefit the most, while the traded industries of non-metallic minerals, basic metals, and machinery and equipment benefit much less. Social implications Given that capital spending on health boosts economic performance, especially in the long run, it ought to be a part of Portugal’s medium-to-long-term growth strategy. Also, if these projects depress economic activity in the short run, and are thus unhelpful counter cyclically, the timing of when they are launched matters. Furthermore, following a health investment, policies that boost net exports will be required to ensure trade balance. Originality/value The originality of this paper is to estimate, in a dynamic framework, the aggregate and industry-specific elasticities and marginal products on investment, employment and output, allowing the identification of effects both on impact and over the long term. Although health care investments are expected to have important macroeconomic effects, they need not be evenly distributed across industries.

Panama’s economy is poised for dramatic rebound

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Import Demand ◽  
Panama Canal ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Disparity ◽  
Canal Area

Significance Mining and quarrying activities (728%), construction (489%), hotels and restaurants (92%), transport and communications (29.8%) and trade (23.9%) were the main drivers of growth, boosted by an easing of mobility restrictions and stronger global trade flows. Impacts The 'Pandora Papers' investigation will cast further doubt on Panama’s anti-money laundering efforts. Large social and economic disparity between the Panama Canal area and the rest of the country will continue to hinder development. The Darien Gap is increasingly becoming a migration bottleneck which will necessitate international cooperation, especially with Colombia. Service activities related to the expansion of the Panama Canal will support growth in the coming years. Higher import demand boosted by economic recovery will weigh on external accounts this year.

Funding female entrepreneurs in North Africa: self-selection vs discrimination? MSMEs, the informal sector and the microfinance industry

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imène Berguiga ◽  
Philippe Adair
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
North African ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Selection

PurposeThis paper aims to address the following research question: Is loan funding to female entrepreneurs in Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco affected by self-selection from borrowers or/and discrimination from lenders? This paper sheds light on empirical literature review, which displays mixed evidence.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a pooled sample of 3,896 businesses in Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia drawn from the 2013 World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES). Despite selection biases and overweighing, the sample provides descriptive statistics upon gender ownership and gender management (human capital characteristics and financial data). The authors design two regression logistic models with interaction to investigate loan demand and loan granting with respect to self-selection vs discrimination. Female management is disentangled from female ownership with respect to entrepreneurship.FindingsNeither self-selection nor discrimination affects female owners compared with their male counterparts, whereas female managers do self-select themselves. In as much as the WBES female subsample include several biases, the authors eventually emphasise the importance of the non-surveyed informal sector, which includes most (micro-)businesses, and loan funding provided by the microfinance industry to these female businesses. Microfinance fills the gap for working capital but not for fixed assets. The size of the business is a major factor explaining both self-selection and discrimination.Research limitations/implicationsFindings of this study have important policy implications for closing the gender gap in accessing finance. In addition to supply-side factors, demand-side factors should be addressed. Informality also needs to be addressed, as many micro and small enterprises owned or managed by women are informal entities without registration or/and social protection. One way to increase women's demand for financial services is to introduce financial products to meet their needs (e.g. social protection basic coverage). Governments can help develop these new products by strengthening the microfinance industry with a favourable regulatory and institutional framework. The authors also wonder about the extension of this study. Thus, a new cross-sectional analysis of the most recent surveys in the North African region would allow the authors to enlarge the overall sample and measure the evolution of the gender gap over time.Originality/valueSo far, funding female entrepreneurship remained little investigated in these North African countries. Several sampling biases in the WBES – small businesses underestimation and manufacturing industry overweighting, which have been overlooked so far, explain the absence of self-selection and discrimination. In contrast, size plays an important role. Hence, the focus on microenterprises (the informal sector) and the microfinance industry suggests indeed that female entrepreneurs operating in small businesses have to cope with both self-selection and discrimination.

Choosing a book by its cover: analysis of a reader’s choice

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arūnas Gudinavičius ◽  
Andrius Šuminas
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Book Choice ◽  
Massive Growth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Women’S Preferences

Purpose The massive growth in the number of book titles has made publishers think about how to attract a customer’s attention to particular books. This is the reason why the book cover plays an important role as a tool of communication with the reader. The research question of this exploratory study is whether the preference given by readers to book cover colors is different across genders and age groups when they choose the book in an online bookstore by its cover. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The experiment in a bookstore and a library was done. Each respondent was asked to choose one book from our sample of 18 books and a mobile eye tracking laboratory was set up in order to find out the respondents’ basic gazing data. After conducting an experiment with bookstore and library visitors, the results showed that younger women tend to select a book by its cover (when the time for selection is not limited) statistically significantly faster than men of the same age group. The difference disappears with age. Findings The data of the experiment suggested that women from the age group 18-35 prefer books with cool color covers and the preference disappears with age; accordingly, men in the age group 56+ prefer books with warm color covers. The preference was not seen in younger age groups. The analysis of data on the number of choices for each cover and the time spent looking at each of them revealed a significant positive correlation between the women’s preferences in selecting covers and the time women spend looking at them; however, there was no such correlation in the case of men’s data. Originality/value The study has shown that the reader’s book choice is at least partly influenced by the cover color. The preference given to cool and warm colors and the speed of decision making show certain differences across genders and age groups. The result contributes to knowing how to create book covers more adopted to reader’s needs.

East versus West: acceptance of GM foods by European and Asian consumers

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 628-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhika Bongoni
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implications ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Gm Food ◽  
Gm Foods ◽  
Consumer Demands ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Asian Consumers ◽  
Global Food

Purpose Contemporary business is rather global. Food imports and exports are expanding beyond borders to meet increasing domestic and international food and consumer demands. Genetically modified (GM) food emerged as a potential sustainable solution which aims at meeting consumer demands and to mitigate urgent global food security problem. Because of its nature of existence, GM food is a controversial topic in several countries and has varied acceptance rates by consumers. Both government and consumers are antagonistic towards GM foods in most European countries. In contrast, most Asian consumers are neutral and so do not oppose GM foods. The purpose of this viewpoint paper is to examine the factors determining the difference in acceptance of GM foods between cultures. Such information can facilitate policy implications for governments in global agri-food trade and for producers in segregating markets. Design/methodology/approach Extensive literature review is done to base the discussions of this viewpoint paper. Findings This paper presents five factors that describe the difference in acceptance of GM foods between Europeans and Asians: knowledge and trust over the institutions performing research, uncertainty avoidance and health, gender differences, risk perception and material benefits and food for survival. Originality/value There is no systematic study that compares factors determining acceptance of GM foods across cultures.

ASYMMETRIC RESPONSE OF DISAGGREGATED IMPORT DEMAND TO EXCHANGE RATE MOVEMENTS: A SMALL OPEN ECONOMY PERSPECTIVE

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
KHURRUM S. MUGHAL ◽  
SADDAM ILYAS ◽  
YASIR TARIQ MOHMAND ◽  
FAHEEM ASLAM ◽  
MUKHTAR-UL- HASAN
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Small Open Economy ◽  
Import Demand ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Capital Goods ◽  
Exchange Rate Movements

Net importing countries are very susceptible to changes in the value of their currency. Pakistan, being a small open economy, faces a constant pressure in its current account and BOP, which leads to unavoidable stress on its exchange rate. Exchange rate movements affect the cost of imports directly which have been studied extensively in empirical literature. However, these studies ignore the possibility of asymmetric effects of exchange rate and its impact on import demand in Pakistan. An appreciation in exchange rate may have a different impact on demand for imports than depreciations depending upon the level of rigidity in consumer preferences as well as the availability of substitutes for consumer goods, capital goods and raw materials. We use quarterly data of Pakistan’s consumer goods, capital goods and raw material imports from 2005:Q1 to 2018:Q4 and employ a relatively recent econometric methodology, namely, Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) technique. The results confirm the existence of asymmetric impact of exchange rate in the long-run. The appreciation of currency has more pronounced impact in increasing imports relative to the depreciation of it in decreasing imports. There are further differences of this effect within imports across consumer goods, capital goods and raw materials. We present policy implications of this asymmetric effect of exchange rate on disaggregated consumer imports.

Asymmetric return response to expected risk: policy implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-356
Author(s):  
Mehmet F. Dicle ◽  
Kendra Reed
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Investor Behavior ◽  
Circuit Breakers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Changes In Risk ◽  
The Difference

Purpose As investors’ fear has an impact on their risk-return tradeoff, this fear leaves markets susceptible to sudden and large fluctuations. The purpose of this study is to suggest regulators to amend their precautionary methods to recognize the difference in investor behavior for high-risk periods versus low-risk periods. Design/methodology/approach The authors empirically show the difference in investor response to changes in expected risk as a function of level of risk. They then show different return patterns for high-risk and low-risk days. Their approach is implemented to evaluate whether investors’ reaction is the same to changes in risk during high-risk versus low-risk periods. Findings The results indicate that the negative return response to incremental increases in risk is significantly higher for periods of high versus low expected risk, with high defined as risk levels above long-run normal. Research limitations/implications Investors’ increased response to changes in risk exposes financial markets to higher likelihood of sudden and larger fluctuations during high-risk periods. Regulator-imposed circuit breakers are designed to protect markets against such market crashes. However, circuit breakers are not designed to account for investor behavior changes. The results show that circuit breakers should be different for high- versus low-risk periods. Practical implications A circuit breaker that is designed to protect investors against large drops should be amended to have a lower threshold during high-risk periods. Originality/value The contribution is, to the authors’ knowledge, the first research effort to evaluate the effects of differences in investor behavior on investor reactions and regulator imposed fail-safes. During the times of extreme market risk, the proposed changes may enable circuit breakers function their intended purposes.

Macroeconomic drivers of London house prices

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros Stavrou Sivitanides
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
House Prices ◽  
House Price ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Price Inflation ◽  
Partial Adjustment ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to validate and quantify the effect of key macroeconomic drivers on London house prices using annual data over the period 1983–2016. Design/methodology/approach Within this context, the authors estimate alternative error-correction and partial-adjustment models (PAMs), which have been widely used in the empirical literature in modelling the slow adjustments of house prices to demand and supply shocks. Findings The results verify the existence of a strong long-term relationship between London house prices and key macroeconomic variables, such as UK GDP, London population and housing completions. A key finding of the study relevant to the debate on the causes of the housing affordability crisis is that the results provide little evidence in support of the argument that user demand, which is captured in the author’s model by Greater London population, may have had a diminished role in driving house price inflation in London. Practical implications The practical and policy implications of the results are that increased homebuilding activity in London will undoubtedly help limit house price increases. Also, any potential reduction of immigration and economic growth due to Brexit will also have a similar effect. Originality/value The originality of this research lies in the use of annual data that may better capture the long-term effect of macroeconomic drivers on house prices and the estimation of such effects through both error-correction and partial-adjustment models.

Contingency factors and entrepreneurship: influence in business activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1685-1702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardí Cabrer-Borrás ◽  
Paz Rico Belda ◽  
Dolores Botella Carrubi
Keyword(s):  
Choice Model ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Binary Choice Model ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the determinants of the survival of Spanish companies. Design/methodology/approach Two approaches are used and they are complementary. The first approach analyses the determinants of survival probability. For this purpose, a binary choice model is built and estimated using a sample of companies from the main economic sectors taken from the SABI database. Likewise, the Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition is applied to quantify the difference between companies with employees and without employees and the proportion of this difference that owes to observed factors or unobserved factors. Finally, the second approach is a survival analysis carried out through the Cox proportional hazard model that identifies the determinants of the duration of business activity. Findings The results of the empirical analysis show that companies without employees present less favourable conditions for survival at all stages of their evolution than companies with employees. Originality/value The contribution of this study to the empirical literature consists in analysing the difference between companies with and without employees. Due to the structure of Spanish companies, this aspect and the determinants of such difference are essential for policymakers to increase the survival for companies.

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