Smallholder farmers’ compliance with GlobalGAP standard: the case of Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prince Baah Annor
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Standards Compliance ◽  
Food Safety Standards

Subject area Agricultural Trade, Farm Management, Economics of Food Safety Study level/applicability Both undergraduate and postgraduate studies in Agribusiness and Agricultural Economics. Case overview The pineapple production sector plays a very significant role in the Ghanaian horticultural industry. Production and export of fresh pineapple has been Ghana’s most developed high-value supply chain. However, the introduction of the GlobalGAP food safety standard in 2007 resulted in a fall in smallholder farmers’ participation in exportable pineapple production and subsequently led to declining trends in pineapple exports. The Ghanaian horticultural industry received quite a number of interventions over the years aimed at revitalizing the horticultural export sector and enhancing international competitiveness. However, the pineapple export sub-sector is still constrained with production and market access challenges meaning the sector struggles to survive. Expected learning outcomes The GlobalGAP standard compliance case is an appropriate way of explaining how smallholder farmers make informed decisions concerning the adoption of new farm practices. The case presents a careful evaluation of technical, institutional and socio-economic factors influencing a farmer’s decision to comply or not to comply with the GlobalGAP standard. Students should be able to apply farm management decision-making concepts and tools such as profit maximization and binary choice modelling techniques to explain a farmers’ final decisions on GlobalGAP standard compliance. This case should enable students to appreciate key factors constraining agricultural export trade performance in developing countries. The case should also contribute to students’ understanding of smallholder farmers’ decisions on food safety standards compliance, particularly GlobalGAP, and the challenges associated with the entire compliance process. Moreover, this case should provide students with possible policy considerations geared towards making food safety standards compliance easier, effective and sustainable in developing countries so as to enhance market access while ensuring food quality and safety along high-value food supply chains. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email [email protected] to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 7 Management Science

Do China's food safety standards affect agricultural trade? The case of dairy products

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingqiang Sun ◽  
Jikun Huang ◽  
Jun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Food Safety Standards

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine how China's food safety standards affect agricultural trade in the case of dairy products. Design/methodology/approach – A gravity model is applied to quantitatively address the impacts of changing food safety standards in China in the case of its dairy imports. The paper considers the trade impacts of not only a specific hazard substance but also overall strictness of safety standards. Findings – The paper shows that changes in food safety standards of dairy products have no effect on China's dairy imports. The finding is not particularly surprising considering special characteristics of China's food safety standards. Given the fact that China's safety standards are relatively lower than that in its major exporters, the trade-impeding effect may not be substantial. Research limitations/implications – First, this study is unable to estimate the trade-enhancing and trade-impending effects separately. Second, the study does not account for a potential endogeneity issue associated with food safety standards. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the debate on how food safety standards affect trade by demonstrating that safety standards in developing countries like China can affect international trade differently from that in developed countries. Although results are specific to China's dairy imports, the explanations are applicable to food safety standards in other developing countries.

Compliance with GLOBALGAP standards among smallholder pineapple farmers in Akuapem-South, Ghana

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baah Prince Annor ◽  
Akwasi Mensah-Bonsu ◽  
John Baptist D. Jatoe
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Good Agricultural Practice ◽  
Food Safety Standards

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the adherence, constraints and key factors associated with smallholder pineapple farmers’ compliance with Global working group for Good Agricultural Practice (GLOBALGAP) standards in the Akuapem-South Municipal area, Ghana. It utilizes the modeling of socio-economic, farm, market and institutional factors influencing smallholder farmers’ compliance with GLOBALGAP standards. This paper aims to enhance smallholder farmers’ compliance with food safety standards in particular GLOBALGAP so they can continue to participate in international food trade. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses mainly primary data solicited from 150 randomly selected smallholder farmers. Descriptive statistics are employed in estimating compliant farmers’ rate of adherence with standards requirements and identifying constraints of farmers while a probit regression model is used to determine the factors influencing GLOBALGAP compliance decision of farmers. Findings – Findings of the study show that compliant farmers’ rate of adherence with the standard is about 90 percent and this is below the minor musts compliance criteria of 95 percent. The results also indicate that lack of access to farm credits, high cost of farm inputs and high cost of labor are the major constraints to GLOBALGAP compliance. Factors found to positively influence farmers’ compliance decision are number of pineapple farms, access to off-farm income, access to market information and extension services. However, compliance is negatively influenced by age. Research limitations/implications – Majority of Ghanaian smallholder pineapple farmers are not GLOBALGAP certified. The study was limited to Akuapem-South because most farmers produce pineapple for the export market and are certified under the Option II GLOBALGAP group certification. Originality/value – This paper brings to bear issues confronting food safety standards compliance among smallholder farmers in developing countries, particularly Ghana.

scholarly journals PENGARUH STANDAR KEAMANAN PANGAN TERHADAP EKSPOR PRODUK BIOFARMAKA INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-57
Author(s):  
Purwono Nugroho ◽  
Muhammad Firdaus ◽  
Alla Asmara
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Plant Products ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Economic Distance ◽  
Production Economic ◽  
Food Safety Standards

There have been growing concerns about the effects of food safety standards on agricultural trade throughout the world. One of the food safety standards applied in international trade is the adoption of maximum residue limits of pesticides. This research uses panel gravity model to analyze the effect of maximum residual limit (MRL) of pesticides imposed by importing countries on export of Indonesia’s medicinal plant products. The results show that stringent food safety standards imposed by importing countries have a negative and statistically significant effect on Indonesia’s export of medicinal plant products. The results also show that volume of Indonesia’s medicinal plant products exports are influenced by real GDP of exporter and importer, population, production, economic distance, and ad valorem tariff. Keywords: food safety standard, Gravity model, Panel data, Medicinal plant products.

Food Safety Standards, Trade & WTO

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khushdeep Dharni ◽  
Sonika Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Marine Products ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Food Safety Standards

With incidence of food-borne diseases, consumers have become more conscious of food safety. Share of high value food items in the export bounty from developing countries like India is on the rise. These high value food items such as fresh & processed fruits and vegetables, marine products, meat and its preparations are highly income elastic as well as sensitive from the viewpoint of food safety. Article 20 of GATT allows governments to act on trade in order to protect human, animal or plant life or health, provided they do not discriminate or use this as disguised protectionism. SPS Agreement sets out the basic rules concerning food safety and animal & plant health standards. It allows countries to set their own standards but also says that regulations must be based on science. With increased retail concentration ratio, large retailers in the developed countries are enforcing their own food safety standards and these standards are stringent as compared to standards of standard setting bodies of WTO. At times these standards are used for discrimination in international trade and are telling upon the exports from developing countries in terms of additional costs of compliance and lack of “harmonization” and difficulties in establishing “equivalence”. For the benefit of exporters from the developing countries and consumers of the developed countries, efforts must be made for encouraging harmonization in these private standards and reducing the resulting discrimination.

scholarly journals The Impact of NTMs on Trade

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Masoud Ali Khalid ◽  
Narmen Ghafor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Trade Sector ◽  
Food Safety Standards ◽  
The Impact

Non-tariff measures such as food safety and technical standards are used to achieve the non-trade objective of protecting consumers’ health and safety. On the other hand, they can also be deployed as a trade secure tool to drive a price wedge between foreign and domestic producers. This study investigates the protectionist tools of 34 developing countries food safety standards using a sample of developing countries food imported from developed and other developing countries with a specific focus on vegetables, Trunks, machinery, and tobacco. We employ theoretical framework of gravity equation by applying SGMM estimation. Our results indicate that vegetable and machinery variables are negative and statistically significant. Meaning that both variables have a negative impact on GDP, in other words, both variables are not support GDP and economic growth in the developing countries. Finally, Trunk variable is positive and statistically significant. It shows that, this variable leads to promote economic growth in the developing countries. While Tobacco is positive and statistically insignificant, meaning that this product is not play an important role in the trade sector in our sample countries.

Approaches to and the management of the audit process in the food industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bradford-Knox
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Audit Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Number Frequency ◽  
Food Safety Standards

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the purpose of food safety auditing, effectiveness in maintaining and improving standards of food safety and ways to improve the process. Design/methodology/approach Using a grounded approach semi-structured interviews were held with actors with experience of food safety auditing. The aims and objectives being to obtain their viewpoints drawn from their experience. Findings The purpose of food safety audits should be regarded as one of continuous improvement rather than a single snapshot or policing exercise. Audits in terms of cost can be excessive because of the often high number and frequency of them. Costs can be reduced and food safety standards maintained if the number and frequency of audits is determined by the level of hazard and risk that a product or a process presents. Effectiveness of audits can also be improved if they are unannounced to make businesses “audit ready” at all times. It is also contended that unannounced audits are not applicable in all circumstances as they can increase costs by the need to maintain a group of personnel that are always available for audits. Research limitations/implications The research is limited by the scope and number of topics that were addressed in relation to the main subject. Originality/value The research value points to a need to review and better manage the audit process by risk assessing the number, frequency and type of audit a food business is subject to without lowering standards.

scholarly journals Food fraud and consumers’ choices in the wake of the horsemeat scandal

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (8) ◽  
pp. 1898-1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Agnoli ◽  
Roberta Capitello ◽  
Maria De Salvo ◽  
Alberto Longo ◽  
Marco Boeri
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiments ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Food Fraud ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Practical Guidelines ◽  
Ready Meal ◽  
Food Safety Standards

Purpose – In 2012, the European food industry was hit by a food fraud: horsemeat was found in pre-prepared foods, without any declaration on the package. This is commonly referred to as the “horsemeat scandal”. The purpose of this paper is to investigate consumers’ preferences across Europe for a selected ready meal, ready to heat (RTH) fresh lasagne, to consider whether the effects of potential food frauds on consumers’ choices can be mitigated by introducing enhanced standards of RTH products. Design/methodology/approach – An online survey was administered to 4,598 consumers of RTH lasagne in six European countries (Republic of Ireland, France, Italy, Spain, Germany and Norway), applying discrete choice experiments to estimate consumers’ willingness to pay for enhanced food safety standards and highlight differences between countries. Findings – Many similarities across countries emerged, as well as some differences. Consumers in Europe are highly concerned with the authenticity of the meat in ready meals and strongly prefer to know that ingredients are nationally sourced. Strong regional differences in price premiums exist for enhanced food safety standards. Originality/value – This research adds relevant insights in the analysis of consumers’ reaction to food fraud, providing practical guidelines on the most appropriate practices that producers should adopt and on the information to reduce food risk perception among consumers. This would prove beneficial for the food processing industry and the European Union. The survey is based on a representative sample of European consumers making this the largest cross-country study of this kind.

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