Training frontline community agency staff in dialectical behaviour therapy: building capacity to meet the mental health needs of street-involved youth

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth McCay ◽  
Celina Carter ◽  
Andria Aiello ◽  
Susan Quesnel ◽  
Carol Howes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Dialectical Behavior Therapy ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Community Agency ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Agency Staff ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Youth Outcomes

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of the dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) training which was provided to community agency staff (N=18) implementing DBT in the community with street-involved youth. Design/methodology/approach Staff participated in a multi-component approach to training which consisted of webinars, online training, self-study manuals, and ongoing peer consultation. To evaluate assess the effectiveness of the training, questionnaires assessing evaluating DBT skills knowledge, behavioral anticipation and confidence, and DBT skills use, were completed at baseline, immediately post-training, four to six months post-training, and 12-16 months post-training. Additionally, the mental health outcomes for youth receiving the DBT intervention are reported to support the effectiveness of the training outcomes. Findings Results demonstrate that the DBT skills, knowledge, and confidence of community agency staff improved significantly from pre to post-training and that knowledge and confidence were sustained over time. Additionally, the training was clinically effective as demonstrated by the significant improvement in mental health outcomes for street-involved youth participating in the intervention. Practical implications Findings suggest that this evidence-based intervention can be taught to a range of staff working in community service agencies providing care to street-involved youth and that the intervention can be delivered effectively. Originality/value These findings help to close the knowledge-practice gap between evidence-based treatment (EBT) research and practice while promoting the implementation of EBT in the community to enhance positive youth outcomes.

Time out of cell and time in purposeful activity and adverse mental health outcomes amongst people in prison: a literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Stephenson ◽  
Jane Leaman ◽  
Éamonn O’Moore ◽  
Anh Tran ◽  
Emma Plugge
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Time Out ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Purposeful Activity

Purpose The purpose of this study is to synthesise the available peer-reviewed literature on the impact of time out of cell (TOOC) and time in purposeful activity (TIPA) on adverse mental outcomes amongst people in prison. Design/methodology/approach The outcomes of interest of this literature review were mental health, suicide, deliberate self-harm (DSH) and violence. Exposures of interest were TOOC, TIPA or a partial or indirect measure of either. In total, 14 studies were included. An abbreviated review methodology was used because of time constraints. Findings There was consistent evidence of an association between lower TOOC and TIPA and worse mental health and higher suicide risk. Limited evidence suggests a link between TOOC and DSH. No evidence was identified regarding the relationship between TOOC/TIPA and violence. Research limitations/implications A lack of longitudinal studies prevents conclusions regarding causality. Significant heterogeneity of mental health outcomes limits the comparability of studies. Practical implications These findings highlight the importance of considering the impact of TOOC and TIPA on adverse mental outcomes for prisoners when designing prison regimes, including during urgent adaptation of such regimes in response to Covid-19. They are likely to be of interest to practitioners and policymakers concerned with prison regime design. Originality/value This paper is the first to synthesise the existing literature on the impact of TOOC and TIPA on mental health outcomes.

scholarly journals Mental health of health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and evidence-based frameworks for mitigation: A rapid review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Major ◽  
Fay J Hlubocky
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Pubmed Database

Background: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected the mental health of health care workers (HCWs), and optimal strategies to provide psychological support for HCWs are not currently established. Aims: To rapidly review recently-published literature on the mental health of HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Query of all quantitative research through the PubMed database on the mental health of HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic which utilized validated mental health instruments. 723 articles were screened and 87 articles were included. Results: Nearly all included studies were cross-sectional, survey-based assessments of the prevalence of and risk factors for mental illness. Only one interventional study was identified. Prevalence of mental health outcomes varied widely: 7.0-97.3% anxiety, 10.6-62.1% depression, 2.2-93.8% stress, 3.8-56.6% post traumatic stress, 8.3-88.4% insomnia, and 21.8-46.3% burnout. Risk and protective factors were identified in personal and professional domains, including degree of COVID-19 exposure, adequacy of protective equipment, and perception of organizational support. Conclusions: The myriad risk factors for poor mental health among HCWs suggests that a comprehensive psychosocial support model with individual- and organization-level interventions is necessary. Further longitudinal research on specific evidence-based interventions to mitigate adverse mental health outcomes among HCWs is urgently needed as the pandemic continues.

scholarly journals Mental health services designed for Black, Asian and Minority Ethnics (BAME) in the UK: a scoping review of case studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-95
Author(s):  
Mariam Vahdaninia ◽  
Bibha Simkhada ◽  
Edwin van Teijlingen ◽  
Hannah Blunt ◽  
Alan Mercel-Sanca
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Uk

Purpose Mental health disparities exist among Black, Asian and Minority Ethnics (BAME) populations. This paper aims to provide an overview of mental health services designed for the BAME population in the UK, both established BAME communities and refugee/asylum-seekers. Design/methodology/approach A range of electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed studies conducted within the past decade in the UK. Using the Arksey and O’Malley methodology, data were extracted, analysed and summarised. Findings A total of 13 papers were identified, mostly non-randomised community-based. Studies were very heterogeneous in terms of their sample and service provided. After the initial appraisal, the authors presented a narrative synthesis. Overall, all studies reported positive mental health outcomes and beneficial effects. Research limitations/implications Because of the time limitations and quality of the papers, the authors only included peer-reviewed journal papers. Practical implications Mental health services provided for BAME people, both established and refugee/asylum-seekers are feasible and improve engagement with the services and mental health outcomes. Initiatives are required to facilitate the integration of these targeted services within mental health and community services for BAME in the UK. Originality/value This scoping review is a snapshot of the mental health services designed for BAME people in the UK, either established or refugee/asylum-seekers in the past 10 years and adds to the evidence-based knowledge from these studies.

scholarly journals Infant Mental Health Prevention and Treatment: A Systematic Review Examining the Role of Homelessness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor D. Landis ◽  
Megan M. Hare ◽  
Paulo A. Graziano
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Infant Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Parenting Program ◽  
Parenting Programs ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Triple P ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

AbstractPurposeWhereas many prevention and treatment programs exist for children and families, there have been no reviews specifically examining infant mental health outcomes. Furthermore, despite high rates of infants and families experiencing homelessness, little work has evaluated the effectiveness of these parenting programs in such vulnerable populations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to a) systematically examine prevention and treatment parenting programs targeting infant mental health outcomes in infants from birth to age 2 years, b) highlight strengths and limitations of current interventions, and c) identify gaps in the existing literature to inform future mental health intervention science in areas of greatest need, specifically within the context of homelessness.MethodsFrom over 15,000 publications initially identified, thirty-three prevention and treatment programs met inclusion criteria for this review. Each program was reviewed for level of scientific evidence.ResultsOf the thirty-three programs reviewed, eleven (33%) were classified as promising. An additional 18% were classified as ineffective, emerging, and effective. Lastly, only four programs (12%; Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up, Parent-Child Interaction Therapy, Triple P-Positive Parenting Program, and Video-feedback Intervention Parenting Program) were classified as evidence-based based on infant mental health outcomes. Few of the identified programs have been implemented in homeless shelters, with no randomized control trials to date.ConclusionsThere is a dearth of literature examining programs targeting infant mental health. Even those programs considered evidence-based have not been thoroughly examined among families in shelter settings.

Mental health and COVID-19 perceptions in a predominant black population in the Eastern Caribbean: an exploratory study of residents of Barbados

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolene King ◽  
Dwayne Devonish
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mental Health Challenges

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the mental health challenges of residents of Barbados during the COVID-19 pandemic and the relationships between residents’ demographics, COVID-19 perceptions and mental health outcomes. Design/methodology/approach The study surveyed 450 predominantly Black Caribbean respondents to examine their mental ill-health on the various dimensions of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)-28 measure and the relationships with demographics and COVID-19 perceptions. Findings Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the four-factor model solution of GHQ-28 over the single factor solution. Barbadians were generally mild in their mental ill-health on the somatic symptoms, social dysfunction and severe depression dimensions but were at least moderately strained on the anxiety and insomnia dimensions. Younger and unemployed Barbadian respondents reported more adverse mental health outcomes, and perceived severity of COVID-19 infection significantly predicted three of the four dimensions of mental distress (excluding severe depression). Research limitations/implications The study used a cross-sectional self-report survey research design which does not permit causal inferences. Further research is advised to ascertain the longitudinal effects of COVID-19 perceptions over time on mental health outcomes. Practical implications The study’s findings suggest the need for nation-wide, multi-stakeholder interventions or approaches in responding mental health challenges of the population during this crisis. Originality/value The study was the first to examine the mental health outcomes, using GHQ-28, in a small Caribbean country – which represents an underserved space in mental health research. It is the first to empirically examine the relationship between COVID-19 perceptions of Afro-Caribbean people in this region and their resultant mental health outcomes.

Mental health in substance misuse patients in Wales

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Barry Sims
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify and report on the mental health needs of those attending substance misuse services (SMS) adhering to the diagnostic criteria as defined in DSM 5 with reference to common mental health disorders. It also examines differences in the numbers of appropriately trained cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) therapists and highlights the lack of provision of CBT reflected in the much smaller number of accredited therapists in Wales compared to other parts of the UK. Design/methodology/approach This population was identified by way of an audit of data collected via the out-patient clinics conducted by the author. Findings The paper identifies a high proportion of patients who attended SMSs as having complex psychological need as a consequence of co-morbidity. Research limitations/implications The results of the audit may have limitations but the implications from the findings suggest potential value in looking more at clinical outcomes following evidence-based psychological interventions. Practical implications A conclusion from the findings is suggested value in a more structured approach to looking at clinical outcomes. Originality/value This audit was undertaken in North Wales. There is no IAPT or matrix-structured Level II CBT training programmes available in Wales. The audit identifies the need for more evidence-based psychological interventions such as CBT linked to the development of such services. The apparent lack of political will to change the status quo is also highlighted as a problem.

scholarly journals The effect of parental roles on mental health outcomes of unemployment: a gender perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (13/14) ◽  
pp. 16-33
Author(s):  
Concetta Russo ◽  
Alessandra Decataldo ◽  
Marco Terraneo
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Parental Roles ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the extent to which family roles and settings can mediate the impact of unemployment on psychological well-being among Italian households.Design/methodology/approachUsing the European Health Interview Survey data for 2015, the authors adopt linear regression models to evaluate the effect of family settings on the mental health outcomes of unemployment, in particular on the likelihood of developing depression. The latter is measured using the internationally validated Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8). Since the gender gap in occupation has not ceased to exist in Italy, special attention is paid to the differences between males and females in the workforce.FindingsThe results suggest that involvement in parental roles has a moderating influence on unemployment mental health outcomes among both men and women, although it has a higher effect on the female workforce. Moreover, the study shows that “not living far from the family of origin” could be considered a crucial moderating factor for both gender categories.Originality/valueThe novelty of this paper lies in its consideration of the implications the social definition of gender roles may have on gender-related expectancies and attributions in life domains, such as work and family.

“Bouncing back” after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn M. Grattan ◽  
Babette Brumback ◽  
Sparkle M. Roberts ◽  
Stacy Buckingham-Howes ◽  
Alexandra C. Toben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Deepwater Horizon ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Environmental Risk Perception ◽  
One Year

Purpose The psychological and behavioral consequences of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill disaster were among the most widespread, long term, and costly of all oil spill-related disasters. However, many people were resilient, and understanding the factors associated with resilience in the immediate aftermath of this disaster are needed to guide early interventions. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach In total, 133 adults from the Northeast Gulf Coast participated in a study of mental health outcomes during the oil spill and one year later. Participants completed a battery of measures that assessed their basic demographics, income status, perceived environmental risk (i.e. characteristic way people think about and interpret environmental risks), self-reported resilience (i.e. ability to “bounce back” after a disaster), and mental health status. Findings Results of univariate analyses indicated similar, elevated levels of mental health problems at both time points; however, environmental risk perception was higher one year post-spill than during the spill. In multivariate analyses, income stability, increased time, higher self-reported resilience, and lower environmental risk perception were associated with better mental health outcomes while age and gender had no association. Originality/value Oil spills are protracted disasters, and better mental health outcomes are linked to financial stability, as well as a belief in environmental restoration and one’s own capacity for resilience. Since resilience and environmental worry are potentially modifiable processes, they might be targeted in prevention and early intervention efforts in order to create more robust, prepared individuals in the face of an oil spill disaster.

Mental Health Among Adolescents from Returned Portuguese Immigrant Families

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Félix Neto
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Immigrant Families ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Older Adolescents ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Portuguese Adolescents

This study investigated mental health problems and their predictors among adolescents from returned immigrant families. The sample consisted of 360 returned adolescents (mean age = 16.8 years; SD = 1.9). The mean duration of a sojourn in Portugal for the sample was 8.2 years (SD = 4.5). A control group of 217 Portuguese youths were also included in the study. Adolescents from immigrant families reported mental health levels similar to those of Portuguese adolescents who have never migrated. Girls showed more mental health problems than boys. Younger adolescents showed fewer mental health problems than older adolescents. Adaptation variables contributed to mental health outcomes even after acculturation variables were accounted for. Implications of the study for counselors are discussed.

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