Institutional investors’ investment preference and monitoring: evidence from Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1327-1346
Author(s):  
Chwee Ming Tee
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Institutional Investors ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Firm Valuation ◽  
Profit Margin ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Different Types

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the investment preference of various types of institutional investors in Malaysia, and its influence on firm valuation, operating performance and capital expenditure. Design/methodology/approach This study employs ordinary least squares model to examine: investment preference according to different types of institutional investors; the association between various types of institutional investors and firm valuation; the association between various types of institutional investors and firm performance; and the association between various types of institutional investors and capital expenditure. Findings The result shows that different types of institutional investors exhibit different investment preference. From the domiciles perspective, local institutional investors (LII) are found to be associated with higher Tobin’s Q, ROA and net profit margin. When viewed from business relationship perspective, “pressure-resistant” institutional investors (PRII) are positively associated with Tobin’s Q, ROA and net profit margin. Both LII and PRII are also associated with higher capital expenditure. Originality/value This study reveals the investment preferences of various types of institutional investors in an emerging market economy. The results show that institutional monitoring is associated with higher firm valuation, higher firm performance and higher capital expenditure. However, the effect is largely driven by local and PRII, particularly government-controlled institutional funds. These evidence suggest that different firm outcomes between emerging and advanced economy can be explained by variation in institutional setting.

Working capital management and firm’s valuation, profitability and risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Le
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Firm Valuation ◽  
Capital Management ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Working Capital Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of working capital management on firm valuation, profitability and risk.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a panel data set of 497 firms covering the period 2007 to 2016. The authors test the effects of working capital management on firm valuation, profitability and risk using the panel data methodology that includes firm and year fixed effects regressions.FindingsThe authors find a significantly negative relationship between net working capital (NWC) and firm valuation, profitability and risk. The results suggest that, in managing working capital, firm managers must make a trade-off between their objectives for profitability and risk control. Working-capital management is of particular importance in firms with less access to capital; it is also important when firms are expanding their investments during periods of economic recovery.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature in several ways. First, to my knowledge, it provides the most comprehensive investigation, to date, on the relationship between working capital management and firm valuation, profitability and risk in an emerging market. Second, this study documents the existence of an optimal level of NWC in an emerging market. Third, firm performance, as measured in both market and accounting value, can be improved with efficient working capital management. Finally, the study includes the impact of the business cycle in an analysis of the effects of working capital management on firm performance.

Does investment in innovation impact firm performance in emerging economies? An empirical investigation of the Indian food and agricultural manufacturing industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-248
Author(s):  
Manogna R.L. ◽  
Aswini Kumar Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Emerging Economy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Indian Food ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The study aims to analyze the impact of Research & Development (R&D) intensity on the firm’s performance, measured by growth of sales in the emerging market like India. Innovation strategy and its outcomes for firms may be different in developing countries as compared to developed countries. Thus, a study that focuses on the emerging economy like India, with a majority of the population dependent on agriculture, is of prime importance to the firm performance in the food and agricultural manufacturing industry. For this study, the broader focus will be on one widely recognised factor which may influence the growth rate of firms, i.e. investment in innovations which is in terms of R&D expenditure. Design/methodology/approach The paper investigates the relationship between the R&D efforts and growth of firms in the Indian food and agricultural manufacturing industry during 2001–2019. To empirically test the relationship between firm’s growth (FG) and R&D investments, system generalised method of moments technique has been used, hence enabling to avoid problems related to endogeneity and simultaneity. Findings The findings reveal that investments in innovations have a positive effect on the growth of firms in the Indian food and agricultural manufacturing industry. Investment in R&D also enables the firms to reap benefits from externalities present in the industry. Further analysis reveals that younger firms grow faster when they invest in R&D. More specifically, this paper finds evidence in the case of the food and agricultural industry that import of raw materials negatively affects the FG and export intensity positively affects the growth in the case of R&D firms. Research limitations/implications This study suggests that the government should encourage the industries to invest optimally in R&D projects by providing favourable fiscal treatments and R&D subsidies which are observed to have positive effects in various developed countries. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, the current paper is the first to analyse the impact of innovation in food and agricultural industry on firm’s performance in an emerging economy context with the latest data. This paper agrees that a government initiative to increase private R&D expenditure would have favourable effects on FG as growing investments in R&D lead to further growth of the firms.

Earnings persistence, institutional investors monitoring and types of political connections

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-327
Author(s):  
Chwee Ming Tee ◽  
Puspavathy Rasiah
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Investors ◽  
Earnings Quality ◽  
Political Connections ◽  
Earnings Persistence ◽  
Ceo Power ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Audit Firm ◽  
Political Ties ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Big Four

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine whether institutional investors monitoring attenuate (exacerbate) weaker earnings persistence in politically connected firms (PCFs). In addition, it investigates whether earnings persistence do vary according to different types of political connections.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs earnings persistence as measure of earnings quality and ordinary least squares (OLS) model to examine: (1) the moderating effect of institutional investors’ ownership on the association between earnings persistence and PCFs and (2) the association between different types of political connections and earnings persistence.FindingsThis study finds that institutional investors' ownership attenuates weaker earnings quality in PCFs, indicating effective monitoring. However, stronger earnings persistence is associated with PCFs with longer political ties, audited by big four audit firm and with higher CEO power.Originality/valueThis study reveals the lower earnings persistence in PCFs can be attenuated by institutional investors monitoring. However, findings also suggest that earnings persistence in PCFs is affected by duration of political ties, big four audit firm and CEO power. This suggests that PCFs should not be viewed as a homogeneous group of firms.

The effects of corporate governance on financial performance and financial distress: evidence from Egypt

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamer Mohamed Shahwan
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – This paper aims to empirically examine the quality of corporate governance (CG) practices in Egyptian-listed companies and their impact on firm performance and financial distress in the context of an emerging market such as that of Egypt. Design/methodology/approach – To assess the level of CG practices at a given firm, the current study constructs a corporate governance index (CGI) which consists of four dimensions: disclosure and transparency, composition of the board of directors, shareholders’ rights and investor relations and ownership and control structure. Based on a sample of 86 non-financial firms listed on the Egyptian Exchange, the effects of CG on performance and financial distress are assessed. Tobin’s Q is used to assess corporate performance. At the same time, the Altman Z-score is used as a financial distress indicator, as it measures financial distress inversely. The bigger the Z-score, the smaller the risk of financial distress. Findings – The overall score of the CGI, on average, suggests that the quality of CG practices within Egyptian-listed firms is relatively low. The results do not support the positive association between CG practices and financial performance. In addition, there is an insignificant negative relationship between CG practices and the likelihood of financial distress. The current study also provides evidence that firm-specific characteristics could be useful as a first-pass screen in determining firm performance and the likelihood of financial distress. Research limitations/implications – The sample size and time frame of our analysis are relatively small; some caution would be needed before generalizing the results to the entire population. Practical implications – The findings may be of interest to those academic researchers, practitioners and regulators who are interested in discovering the quality of CG practices in a developing market such as that of Egypt and its impact on financial performance and financial distress. Originality/value – This paper extends the existing literature, in the Egyptian context in particular, by examining firm performance and the risk of financial distress in relation to the level of CG mechanisms adopted.

Family firms, family generation and performance: evidence from an emerging economy

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Badrul Muttakin ◽  
Arifur Khan ◽  
Nava Subramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Emerging Economy ◽  
Family Ownership ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Generation Family ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of family ownership on firm performance. In particular the authors investigate whether family firms outperform non-family firms and whether first generation family firms perform better than second generation family firms in an emerging economy using Bangladesh as a case. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses a data set of 141 listed Bangladeshi non-financial companies for the period 2005-2009. The methodology is based on multivariate regression analysis. Findings – The result shows that family firms perform better than their non-family counterparts. The authors also find that family ownership has a positive impact on firm performance. The analysis further reveals intergenerational differences where family firms and performance are associated positively only when founder members act as CEOs or chairmen. However, when descendents serve as CEOs or chairmen family firms are associated with poorer firm performance. Originality/value – The authors extend the findings of previous studies that investigate the family ownership and firm performance relationship in developed economy settings, but neglected emerging economies. The study also informs the literature about the intergenerational impact of family firms on performance in an emerging market.

How much does valuation model choice matter? Target price accuracy of PE and DCF model in Asian emerging markets

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samie Ahmed Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Target Price ◽  
Predictive Utility ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Valuation Model ◽  
Asian Emerging Markets ◽  
Dcf Model

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on valuation practices applied by analysts to derive target price forecasts in Asian emerging markets. The key objective of this study is to understand valuation model preference of analysts and to compare the predictive utility of target price forecasts derived through heuristics-driven price-to-earnings (PE) model and theoretically sound discounted cash flow (DCF) model. Design/methodology/approach Each research report in the sample of 502 research reports has been studied in detail to understand the dominant valuation model (PE or DCF) applied by analyst to derive target price forecasts. These research reports have been issued on stocks trading in seven emerging markets including India, Malaysia, Indonesia, Taiwan, Philippines, Korea and Thailand during a six-year period starting 2008. Standard OLS and logit regression analysis has been performed to derive empirical findings. Findings The study finds that lower regulatory and reporting standards prevailing in emerging markets have no significant bearing on analyst choice of valuation model (PE or DCF). Time-series analysis suggests that emerging market analysts did not rely upon the usage of DCF model and preferred PE model during and immediately after the financial crisis of 2008. Multivariate regression results show weak evidence that PE model produces better results than DCF model after adjusting for the complexities associated with analyzing emerging market equities. The results imply that PE model, to some degree, is better equipped to capture market moods and sentiment in dynamic emerging markets rather than theoretically sound DCF model. Originality/value Most past studies on valuation model practices have focused on developed markets and this study provides a fresh perspective on analyst valuation model practices and performance in a new institutional setting of Asian emerging markets. The marginally better predictive utility of PE model as compared to DCF model is possibly a feature limited to Asian emerging markets.

scholarly journals Corporate governance, institutional investor type and firm performance: Evidence from an emerging market

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Rama Sastry Vinjamury
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Institutional Investors ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Pressure Sensitive

The study analyses the role of institutional investors in improving firm performance. Unlike in developed economies where firm ownership is widely dispersed, firms in emerging economies such as India have substantial promoter shareholdings (often in a majority or close to a majority). Given the promoter control of Indian companies, the role of institutional investors as external monitors is analysed. Following Brickley, Lease, and Smith (1988) and Almazan, Hartzell, and Starks (2005), the study categorises institutional investors as pressure-sensitive and pressure-insensitive institutional investors. Panel data for non-financial firms from India included in National Stock Exchange (NSE) 500 over the period 2008–2017 is studied using fixed-effects models. The study finds that the increased ownership of pressure-insensitive institutional investors is positively associated with firm performance. Also, the increased ownership of pressure-sensitive institutional investors is negatively associated with firm performance. These findings are consistent with the view that pressure-insensitive institutional investors are more effective monitors compared to pressure-sensitive institutional investors. The study offers insights into the role of institutional investors in economies where firms have a substantial promoter shareholding. The study documents that even with a substantial promoter shareholding and control, pressure-insensitive institutional investors aid in enhancing firm value

scholarly journals Corporate Governance Structure and Firm Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Wan Nordin Wan Hussin ◽  
Norfaiezah Sawandi ◽  
Hasnah Shaari
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Public University ◽  
Profit Margin ◽  
Corporate Governance Structure ◽  
Holding Companies ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Green Book

This study analyses the corporate governance structure and performance of Malaysian public university holdings companies from 2010 to 2014. The sample comprises eight public university holding companies. Data was gathered by using three methods; survey, semi- structured interview, and documentation review. The board structure and board sub-committees’ practices of these case organizations were evaluated against the best practice recommendation of (i) the Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance (MCCG) 2012 (ii) the Green Book 2006, and (iii) other relevant acts. The firm performance is measured using four indicators which are sales, profit before tax, net profit margin and return on equity. Overall, this study finds that the practice and structure of corporate governance of the holding companies are excellent. However, there are companies that did not comply with certain parts of the recommendations of Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance 2012 (MCCG) and the Green Book. The study also observed that the practice of governance between the university companies is not uniform. The analysis of firm performance, two companies, show the highest net profit margin and return on equity. One company reported negative earnings and return on equity. The other five companies reported the net profit margin below 10%. The findings provide an insight into the ministry of education as the shareholder to improve the monitoring of the public university holding companies.

scholarly journals A Literature Review of Net Profit Margin

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
Wuku Astuti Budiyanta
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Capital Markets ◽  
Institutional Investors ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Profit Margin ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Emerging Capital Markets

Net profit margin is one indicator of the company's financial performance. Net profit margin on cruise industries, for example, exhibit consistently robust growth trends for the leading cruise players, over 2016–2019, contrary to most commercial shipping market segments that experienced abrupt and persistent revenue declines since the outbreak of 2008 global financial crisis, cruise shipping has seen a robust resistance and relatively rapid recovery. Spurred by the growing importance of institutional investors, capital markets in emerging economies experience rapid growth. Specifically, equities ownership in emerging capital markets have tripled since the early 1990s. Another factor attracting equities investment involves institutional investors who offer potential for increased monitoring in the invested firms. The objective of this research is to determine the factors associated with net profit margin. I presented a literature study using systematic literature review of relevant publications and as a result of this process, 18 articles are included and then examined the bibliographical references to check the validity of the inquiry and to avoid any potential omissions. I identify several variables that affect and affected by net profit margin.

Tracing the links between executive compensation structure and firm performance: evidence from the Brazilian market

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1393-1408
Author(s):  
Alexandre Dias ◽  
Victor Vieira ◽  
Bruno Figlioli
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Executive Compensation ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Governance Mechanism ◽  
Incentive Structure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Compensation Structure

Purpose This study aims to investigate how different executive compensation structures were related to the performance of firms. Design/methodology/approach This study was based on a sample of companies with the highest standards of corporate governance listed on the Brazilian Stock Exchange. We adopted the multiple correspondence analysis followed by the hierarchical cluster analysis to propose a typology defined by fixed and variable components of the executive compensation and multiple firm performance indicators. Findings The analysis produced three clusters, which were submitted to robustness tests, highlighting that companies used the compensatory incentives in striking distinct ways as governance mechanisms. The study found a positive relationship between the performance of companies and the variable incentives of executive compensation, especially the long-term incentive, as well as a negative relationship between the performance of firms and the fixed component of the compensation structure. Research limitations/implications This research, whose sample was based on an emerging market, adds empirical evidence to the literature. However, future studies are invited to address the relationships between executive compensation structures and firm performance in other markets, as well as to examine these relationships in companies with distinct levels of governance. Practical implications This study provides insights on how the incentive structure can be adopted as an efficient governance mechanism, especially for companies in emerging markets. Originality/value The main novelty of this paper is that the methodological strategy used here enabled the authors to discriminate distinct executive compensation structures and establish a relationship between these compensation structures and different types of performance indicators.

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