Differential reporting of social and environmental disclosures between local and foreign oil companies in Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odhiambo Odera ◽  
Albert Scott ◽  
Jeff Gow
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Corporate Websites ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Environmental Disclosures ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
Local Companies

Purpose This study aims to identify the differences between local and foreign companies’ social and environmental disclosures (SEDs) practices operating in the Nigerian oil sector. It aims at distinguishing SED levels by comparing local and foreign companies operating in the oil sector. Design/methodology/approach The paper analyses annual reports through content analysis. SED extent and type are measured by the number of sentences. SEDs are further classified into three subcategories according to whether they are negative, neutral or positive disclosures and then their proportions are compared through descriptive analysis. To better understand SED differences, the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon tests are used. Findings Local companies are found to provide more content and a wider variety of SED than foreign companies. The majority of the total SEDs in both local and foreign companies are positive with very little evidence of negative news. Research limitations/implications The measurement of SEDs focuses on only annual reports, without consideration of other disclosure media such as standalone reports and corporate websites. SEDs are assumed to be voluntary for the companies and they may choose not to disclose any information in annual reports, as there are no regulations or disclosure guidelines in Nigeria to be followed. Originality/value The main contribution of this study lies in identifying the factors that have led to diversity and uniqueness in SED between local and foreign oil companies. As such, this study seeks to contribute to the development of understanding multiple factors that could give rise to changing patterns of SED.

An examination of the quality of social and environmental disclosures by Nigerian oil companies

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odhiambo Odera ◽  
Albert Scott ◽  
Jeff Gow
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Environmental Disclosures ◽  
Oil Company ◽  
A Company ◽  
Tests For Normality

Purpose This study seeks to examine the quantity and quality of social and environmental disclosures (SEDs) of Nigerian oil companies. The study aims to analyse SED activities as reported by the oil companies in their annual reports. Design/methodology/approach The study analyses annual reports through content analysis. SED quantity is measured by alternative two units: number of sentences and number of pages. A two-point scale system to assess SED quality is used as follows: 1 = if SED is quantitative and reports specific activities of a company concerning its social and environmental responsibility; 0 = otherwise. Correlation analysis is performed among the different SED categories to identify the relationships among them. Kolmongrov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests for normality are utilised. Findings SED activities are reported by most of the companies, and by quantity, employee information is found to be the most common type of disclosure. SED quantity and quality in the environment category is found to be overwhelmingly low despite the large-scale public concern expressed about the levels of the environmental degradation caused by oil company operations. Research limitations/implications The data collected for this study are based on one country, which controls diversity but limits the generalizability of the findings. The study is limited by the sample which includes mainly quoted companies, as they are believed to make improved disclosures because of their investor orientation and statutory obligations. Originality/value The study extends SED research by focusing on social disclosures such as employee-, community- and health- and safety-related disclosures. The study also investigates the motivations of SED providers and establishes a link between stakeholder demands/engagement and the level of disclosure.

scholarly journals Corporate social responsibility reporting of international oil companies in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-146
Author(s):  
Odhiambo Odera ◽  
Kieran James ◽  
Albert Scott ◽  
Jeff Gow
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Environmental Reporting ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Corporate Websites ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting ◽  
Corporate Social

Purpose This study aims to identify factors influencing corporate social responsibility reporting (CSRR) practices of international oil companies (IOCs) in Nigeria. It aims at distinguishing CSRR levels by examining both the quantity and quality of reporting. Design/methodology/approach The paper analyses annual reports through content analysis. CSRR extent and type are measured by the number of sentences. CSRR are further classified into three subcategories according to whether they are negative, neutral or positive reports and then their proportions compared through descriptive analysis. Findings For the extent and quality of CSRR, community was the most reported category. The majority of the total CSRR in the IOCs is positive with little evidence of negative news. None of the IOCs in the sample reported on the environment in their annual reports. Research limitations/implications The measurement of CSRR focuses only on annual reports, without consideration of other reporting media such as standalone reports and corporate websites. CSRR are assumed to be voluntary for the companies and they may choose not to report any information in annual reports, as there are no regulations or reporting guidelines in Nigeria to be followed. Practical implications The results reveal the absence of environmental reporting in the CSRR of IOCs in Nigeria suggests that they are less concerned with meeting local demands for accountability. The study recommends the need for regulatory intervention on the part of the Nigerian Government. Social implications The findings of study indicate that predominant existence of positive CSRR news among all the IOCs suggests there’s an attempt to encourage stakeholders and the public to believe that they are conscious of society and the environment. Originality/value The main contribution of this study lies in identifying the factors that have led to diversity and uniqueness in CSRR in IOCs. As such, this study seeks to contribute to the development of understanding multiple factors that could give rise to changing patterns of CSRR.

Corporate social responsibility reporting of local oil companies in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Odhiambo Odera
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Quality Of Reporting ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting ◽  
Corporate Social

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze annual reports through content analysis. Corporate social responsibility reporting (CSRR) extent and type are measured by the number of sentences. CSRR are further classified into three subcategories according to whether they are negative, neutral or positive reports and then their proportions compared through descriptive analysis. Design/methodology/approach This paper seeks to examine and identify factors influencing CSRR practices of local oil companies (LOCs) in Nigeria. It aims at distinguishing CSRR levels by examining both the quantity and quality of reporting. Findings For the extent of CSRR, employee-related information was the most reported category with community reports being of greater quality in the LOCs. The majority of the total CSRR in the LOCs was positive with very little evidence of negative news. Research limitations/implications The measurement of CSRR focuses only on annual reports, without consideration of other reporting media, such as standalone reports. CSRR are assumed to be voluntary for the companies, and they may choose not to report any information in annual reports, as there are no regulations or reporting guidelines in Nigeria to be followed. Originality/value The main contribution of this study lies in identifying the factors that have led to diversity and uniqueness in CSRR in LOCs. As such, this study seeks to contribute to the development of understanding multiple factors that could give rise to changing patterns of CSRR.

Nationalistic appeals and consumer boycotts in China, 1900-1949

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-524
Author(s):  
Tony Yan ◽  
Michael R. Hyman
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
National Brands ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Social Events ◽  
Consumer Boycotts ◽  
Local Companies ◽  
Foreign Brands

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore how nationalistic appeals may affect consumers’ perception and purchasing of targeted brands. Qualitative historical data from old China (1900–1949) reveal that social movement groups can adopt nationalistic appeals assisted by meaning framing – defined as a creative interpretation of symbols, designs, behaviors, social events and cultural identities to serve social and political goals – to shape consumers’ attitudes toward foreign brands. After examining the mechanisms and processes underlying consumer boycotts from 1900 to 1949, the responsive strategies of affected foreign companies are illustrated. Design/methodology/approach Critical historical research method is applied to historical data and historical “traces” from China’s corporate documents, memoirs, posters, advertisements, newspapers and secondhand sources documenting Chinese boycotts from 1900 to 1949. Findings Consumers may pursue interests beyond economic interests. Nationalistic appeals can mobilize consumer boycotts against foreign brands that were perceived to support or relate to targeted countries. Political framing of certain events shapes consumers’ perceptions and concomitant brand choices. Research limitations/implications Although differences between historical and current contexts may require tailoring past marketing strategies to current conditions, past strategies can inform current and future strategies. Practical implications Strategies adopted by foreign companies in old China (1900–1949) can help contemporary companies design effective marketing strategies for a hostile marketplace infused with nationalistic appeals and competing interests. Social implications Although local companies can adopt economic or political nationalism to realize their economic goals, it represents a double-edged sword that can harm national brands. Originality/value A historical analysis of nationalistic business appeals in pre-1949 China can inform the counterstrategies modern companies adopt to overcome consumer boycotts.

Nigerian oil rebound vital for economic recovery

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
China And India ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
State Interventions

Significance Despite such controversies, the government is pinning hopes for economic recovery on restoring hydrocarbons production alongside longstanding plans to reduce the country’s dependence on oil. While large international oil companies are retreating to the relative safety of the deep offshore, the government will look to new partnerships with China and India for large infrastructure projects. Impacts Employment gains in the oil sector will be marginal compared to increases in the agricultural sector. Recent state interventions against oil majors are unlikely to deter future investment. Counter-insurgency operations against Boko Haram could distract from government peace efforts in the Niger Delta.

scholarly journals Community disclosures in a developing country: insights from a neo-pluralist perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teerooven Soobaroyen ◽  
Jyoti Devi Mahadeo
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Environmental Disclosures ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Local Companies ◽  
Corporate Social

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse changes in community disclosures by listed companies in Mauritius. Design/methodology/approach – The authors carried out a quantitative and qualitative assessment of annual report disclosures over the period 2004-2010. In particular, the authors consider the influence of a corporate governance code and a government intervention to first persuade and subsequently mandate corporate social responsibility investment (known as a “CSR Levy”). Findings – From a predominantly limited and neutral form of communication, narratives of community involvement morph into assertive and rhetorical statements, emphasising commitment, permanency and an intimate connection to the community and a re-organisation of activities and priorities which seek to portray structure and order in the way companies deliver community interventions. Informed by Gray et al.’s (1995) neo-pluralist framework and documentary evidence pertaining to the country’s social, political and economic context, the authors relate the change in disclosures to the use of corporate impression management techniques with a view to maintain legitimacy and to counter the predominant public narrative on the insufficient extent of community involvement by local companies. Research limitations/implications – The authors find that community disclosures are not only legitimating mechanisms driven by international pressures but are also the result of local tensions and expectations. Originality/value – This study provides evidence on forms of “social” – as opposed to environmental – disclosures. Furthermore, it examines a unique setting where a government enacted a legally binding regime for greater corporate social involvement.

Turning potential collision into cooperation in Ghana’s oil industry

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwesi Amponsah-Tawiah ◽  
Kwasi Dartey-Baah ◽  
Kobena Osam
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
Stakeholder Interactions ◽  
Corporate Social

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the potential impact of the presence of oil resource on the Ghanaian society. Specifically, the paper investigates the relationship between key stakeholders in the oil sector, how stakeholder interactions create the potential for collision and advances measures aimed at turning possible collision into cooperation. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses a literature review-based approach, drawing on existing literature in a number of areas including corporate social responsibility (CSR), oil and gas industry in Ghana and Nigeria as well as communication. Findings – The paper advances that expectations of stakeholders as regards oil being a panacea to all their problems must be managed to avoid possible collision. Additionally, Ghana’s oil industry must identify and engage all stakeholders in planning suitable and sustainable CSR programmes for economic development, thus fostering a friendly environment for oil companies. Transparency and accountability are also needed to promote cooperation rather than collision among stakeholders in Ghana’s oil industry. Originality/value – This paper raises and brings to the fore critical issues that can lead to potential collisions in the oil and gas industry in Ghana if not well-managed, and thus an innovative work in that regard.

Ecuadorian government seeks to boost oil activity

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
World Market ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
Total Oil

Subject The outlook for the oil sector. Significance While Ecuador is the smallest member of OPEC, oil is its largest export and the government's primary source of revenue. The collapse of world oil prices has forced the government to introduce import controls to support the balance of payments and cut public spending to reduce the budget deficit. However, rising levels of oil production have softened the blow of falling oil prices. The government hopes to continue this trend by attracting new investment into the oil sector, despite the downturn in the world market. Impacts The perilous state of the balance of payments and public finances will increase the need to attract new foreign investment into oil. Chinese oil companies are likely to increase their presence in Ecuador, reflecting trends elsewhere in Latin America. Development of the oil fields previously integrated into Yasuni/ITT should increase total oil output significantly from 2018-19.

Investors will return slowly to Iran despite potential

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Pole Position ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Investor Confidence ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil Sector

Subject Iran investment outlook. Significance Foreign investment in Iran's non-oil sector is poised for growth following the nuclear deal announced with world powers on July 14. If implemented successfully the agreement will see Iran reintegrated into the world financial system, some 100 billion dollars of its foreign assets unfrozen and US sanctions removed from firms from third countries that trade with it. While foreign companies and investors will move cautiously, they will begin exploring a market that has been performing well below potential for years. Impacts European companies will be in pole position to re-enter the Iranian market. Main non-oil and non-gas sectors of investor interest will include healthcare, financial services, telecoms, consumer goods and transport. Government's strong economic team will encourage investor confidence.

South Sudan oil sector optimism is premature

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Sudan ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
Oil Revenues

Subject The performance and prospects of South Sudan’s oil sector. Significance The signing in September of a notional peace agreement has raised the question of whether South Sudan’s authorities can now boost oil production and revenues -- and whether they will use any new revenues to support peace. Impacts Output is unlikely to rise far above 130,000-150,000 b/d in 2019. Details about oil revenues and their distribution will remain largely hidden. Major oil companies will continue to shun South Sudan as an investment destination.

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