Concurrent storm damage data collection by high altitude airborne IFSAR

Flood risk assessment should be one of the basic methods for disaster damage mitigation to identify and estimate potential damage before disasters and to provide appropriate information for countermeasures. Existing methods usually do not account for uncertainty in risk assessment results. The concept of uncertainty is especially important for developing countries where risk assessment results may often be unreliable due to inadequate and poor quality data. We focus on three questions concerning risk assessment results in this study: a) How much does lack of data in developing countries influence flood risk assessment results? b) Which datamost influence the results? and c) Which data should be prioritized in data collection to improve risk assessment effectiveness? We found the largest uncertainty in the damage data among observation, model, and agricultural damage calculations. We conclude that reliable disaster damage data collection must be emphasized to obtain reliable flood risk assessment results and prevent uncertainty where possible. We propose actions to improve assessment task efficiency and investment effectiveness for developing countries.

Download Full-text

Lymphomas and multiple myeloma in rural Kenya: A cross-sectional survey

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.17558 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽

pp. 17558-17558

Author(s):

J. R. Aluoch

Keyword(s):

Multiple Myeloma ◽

Data Collection ◽

High Altitude ◽

Rift Valley ◽

Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽

Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽

Eastern Province ◽

District Hospitals ◽

North Eastern ◽

Semi Arid

17558 Background: Prevalence of lymphomas and multiple myeloma in rural referral centers and far isolated district hospitals in Kenya was unknown apart from the teaching hospital, the Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi. Methods: A questionnaire on which disease code according to the WHO international diagnostic index (IDIC) numbers was used for data collection for a ten year period from 1991 to 2000. Care was taken to avoid double entry of patients who might have been seen in more than one center. Disease codes were entered for Burkit Lymphoma (BL), Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (HL), Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL), Unclassified Lymphomas and Other Lymphomas (OL) and Multiple Myeloma (MM). Seven rural referral centers, known as Provincial Hospitals (PGH), namely Coast, Nyanza, Western, Central, Eastern, North Eastern and Rift Valley were used for data collection. Results: There were no data from the semi-arid North Eastern province. A total of 1,027 lymphomas were recorded from the six remaining centers. 40.7% were BL, 36% NHL, 12.6% HL and 10.7% UL. There were 133 cases of MM. 87% of BL were from oceano-lacustrine centers. The same applied to 61% of NHL. 43.4% of HL were from Rift Valley, the rest being spread over the other five centers. The same applied to 69% of UL. 81.2% of MM cases were from the high altitude areas of Rift Valley and the mountain region. Conclusions: Although predominance of BL in oceano-lacustrince regions is accouneted for in association with malaria endemicity, we cannot so far account for high prevalence of MM in high altitude regions of Kenya. We also cannot fully account for the absence of any case from the semi-arid North Eastern Province. [Table: see text]

Download Full-text

A Delphi Method Expert Survey to Derive Standards for Flood Damage Data Collection

Risk Analysis ◽

10.1111/j.1539-6924.2009.01325.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 107-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Florian Elmer ◽

Isabel Seifert ◽

Heidi Kreibich ◽

Annegret H. Thieken

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Delphi Method ◽

Flood Damage ◽

Expert Survey ◽

Damage Data

Download Full-text

Full-Scale Shake Table Test Damage Data Collection Using Terrestrial Laser-Scanning Techniques

Journal of Structural Engineering ◽

10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0002905 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 147 (3) ◽

pp. 04020356

Author(s):

Mohammad Aghababaei ◽

Christian Okamoto ◽

Maria Koliou ◽

Takuya Nagae ◽

Chris P. Pantelides ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽

Full Scale ◽

Shake Table Test ◽

Shake Table ◽

Damage Data

Download Full-text

Extreme value modelling of storm damage in Swedish forests

Natural Hazards and Earth System Science ◽

10.5194/nhess-7-515-2007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 515-521 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

A. Bengtsson ◽

C. Nilsson

Keyword(s):

Process Model ◽

Value Theory ◽

Extreme Value ◽

Conclusive Evidence ◽

Likelihood Method ◽

Forest Damage ◽

Storm Damage ◽

Storm Events ◽

Severe Storm ◽

Damage Data

Abstract. Forests cover about 56% of the land area in Sweden and forest damage due to strong winds has been a recurring problem. In this paper we analyse recorded storm damage in Swedish forests for the years 1965–2007. During the period 48 individual storm events with a total damage of 164 Mm³ have been reported with the severe storm on 8 to 9 January 2005, as the worst with 70 Mm³ damaged forest. For the analysis, storm damage data has been normalised to account for the increase in total forest volume over the period. We show that, within the framework of statistical extreme value theory, a Poisson point process model can be used to describe these storm damage events. Damage data supports a heavy-tailed distribution with great variability in damage for the worst storm events. According to the model, and in view of available data, the return period for a storm with damage in size of the severe storm of January 2005 is approximately 80 years, i.e. a storm with damage of this magnitude will happen, on average, once every eighty years. To investigate a possible temporal trend, models with time-dependent parameters have been analysed but give no conclusive evidence of an increasing trend in the normalised storm damage data for the period. Using a non-parametric approach with a kernel based local-likelihood method gives the same result.

Download Full-text

The future is bright-- structural biology at FELs

Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances ◽

10.1107/s2053273314099641 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 70 (a1) ◽

pp. C35-C35

Author(s):

Ilme Schlichting

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Radiation Damage ◽

De Novo ◽

Temperature Dependent ◽

Short Pulses ◽

High Resolution Data ◽

X Ray ◽

Radiation Sources ◽

Damage Data ◽

Theoretical Considerations

Protein crystallography using synchrotron radiation sources has had tremendous impact on biology, having yielded the structures of thousands of proteins and given detailed insight into their working mechanisms. However, the technique is limited by the requirement for macroscopic crystals, which can be difficult to obtain, as well as by the often severe radiation damage caused in diffraction experiments, in particular when using tiny crystals. To slow radiation damage, data collection is typically performed at cryogenic temperatures. With the advent of X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) this situation appears remedied. Theoretical considerations had predicted that with sufficiently short pulses useful diffraction data can be collected before the onset of significant radiation damage that ultimately results in Coulomb explosion of the sample. This has been shown recently at the first hard X-ray FEL, the LCLS at Stanford. High resolution data collected of a stream of microcrystals of the model system lysozyme agree well with conventional data collected of a large macroscopic crystal [1] With the demonstration that de-novo phasing is feasible [2], serial femtosecond crystallography has been established as a useful tool for the analysis of tiny crystals [3] and thus the large group of proteins that resist yielding macroscopic crystals such as membrane proteins. In addition to ensure the required fast exchange of the microcrystals upon exposure, liquid jet delivery has the advantage of allowing data collection at room temperature. As demonstrated recently, this is important since structural dynamics and thus the observed conformation is often temperature dependent. Recent results will be described.

Download Full-text

Earthquakes Reconnaissance Data Sources, a Literature Review

10.20944/preprints202106.0714.v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Diana Maria Contreras Mojica ◽

Sean Wilkinson ◽

Philip James

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Building Damage ◽

Current Data ◽

Data Sources ◽

Damage Data ◽

Efficient Data ◽

Data Source ◽

Single Data ◽

Selection Of

Earthquakes are one of the most catastrophic natural phenomena. After an earthquake, earthquake reconnaissance enables effective recovery by collecting building damage data and other impacts. This paper aims to identify state-of-the-art data sources for building damage assessment and provide guidance for more efficient data collection. We have reviewed 38 articles that indicate the sources used by different authors to collect data related to damage and post-disaster recovery progress after earthquakes between 2014 and 2021. The current data collection methods have been grouped into seven categories: fieldwork or ground surveys, omnidirectional imagery (OD), terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), remote sensing (RS), crowdsourcing platforms, social media (SM) and closed-circuit television videos (CCTV). The selection of a particular data source or collection technique for earthquake reconnaissance includes different criteria depending on what questions are to be answered by this data. We conclude that modern reconnaissance missions can not rely on a single data source and that different data sources should complement each other, validate collected data, or systematically quantify the damage. The recent increase in the number of crowdsourcing and SM platforms used to source earthquake reconnaissance data demonstrates that this is likely to become an increasingly important source of data.

Download Full-text

The species of Eucera Scopoli, subgenus Tetralonia Spinola from Sardinia (Italy) with new records and E. gennargentui sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

Journal of Hymenoptera Research ◽

10.3897/jhr.88.70819 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 88 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Roberto Catania ◽

Vittorio Nobile ◽

Salvatore Bella

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Data Collection ◽

High Altitude ◽

Host Plants ◽

New Records ◽

Identification Key ◽

Recent Survey ◽

Biological Aspects

In this paper, an update of the species of the genus Eucera Scopoli, 1770, subgenus Tetralonia Spinola, 1838 from Sardinia is reported, based on data collection as well as on recent survey carried out at Gennargentu Massif. Seven species are recorded, four of which are newly added: Eucera fulvescens (Giraud, 1863), E. gennargentuisp. nov. Nobile, Catania & Bella, E. julliani (Pérez, 1879), and E. nana (Morawitz, 1873). The new species, Eucera (Tetralonia) gennargentui Nobile, Catania & Bella is described from the high altitude of Gennargentu Massif. Details on distributions, host plants, and other biological aspects are given for each species treated. The taxonomic comparison of the taxa belonging to the subgenus Tetralonia from Sardinia, including E. gennargentuisp. nov., are discussed taking into account both morphological and COI barcode sequences. An identification key to Eucera (Tetralonia) species from Sardinia is also provided.

Download Full-text

The effects of altitude on concussion incidence in the 2013–2017 National Hockey League seasons

Neurology ◽

10.1212/01.wnl.0000550604.96105.6b ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 91 (23 Supplement 1) ◽

pp. S16.3-S17

Author(s):

Ryan Adams ◽

Halley Kaye-Kauderer ◽

Syed Haider ◽

Akbar Maniya ◽

Stanislaw Sobotka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

High Altitude ◽

Environmental Effects ◽

National Hockey League ◽

Published Evidence ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sports Leagues ◽

Low Altitude

IntroductionAltitude cannot be adjusted yet can still impact quality of play and concussion incidence. The current body of published evidence evaluating environmental effects on concussion is divided. We aim to systematically compare the prevalence of concussions that occur utilizing 1,000 feet as a marker for high altitude. Our research also takes a novel approach utilizing average games missed as a proxy for concussion severity.MethodsData on concussion incidence for the 2013–2017 National Hockey League seasons was collected utilizing FOX Sports, Hockey Reference and elevation map. We adopted 1,000 feet (304.8 meters) as high-low altitude cutoff. We also evaluated our data utilizing a previously published high-low altitude cutoff of 644 feet. One caveat to our data collection was the striking lack of publicly available data pertaining to the concussions sustained by each NHL team. Data was analyzed utilizing SAS programing.ResultsWe documented 133 concussions through the 2013–2017 NHL seasons. We noted an increase in concussion reporting during the most recent 2016–2017 season compared to previous ones. Effect of altitude variance on concussion rate was evaluated utilizing 644 and 1000 ft as the altitude split. This produced 4 distinct categories: (1) low-low, (2) low-high, (3) high-low, and (4) high-high. We noted a significant difference in concussion rate when teams based at altitude above 1,000 ft played at low altitude. Average games missed demonstrated that teams above 1,000 feet experienced less games missed compared to low altitude teams.ConclusionsThough underreported in the total number of concussions, our data suggests that high altitude teams experience a reduction in mean concussion rate when playing at lower altitudes. Our data also indicated a reduction in average games missed post-concussion for higher altitude teams. We hope our findings contribute to a larger discussion about concussion incidence and can be applied to additional sports leagues.

Download Full-text