scholarly journals Analysis of Skin Deformation Differences on the Upper Arm Between Active and Passive Movements During Elbow Flexion and Extension

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Gwi Cho ◽  
Mayuki Toyoda ◽  
Ming Ding ◽  
Jun Takamatsu ◽  
Chiaki Yokota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Skin Deformation ◽  
Passive Movements ◽  
Flexion And Extension

Excitotoxic acid lesions of the primate subthalamic nucleus result in reduced pallidal neuronal activity during active holding

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1859-1866 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Hamada ◽  
M. R. DeLong
Keyword(s):  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Ibotenic Acid ◽  
Excitatory Input ◽  
Behavioral Task ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Flexion And Extension

1. To gain a better understanding of the pathophysiology of hemiballismus in primates, and to test directly the hypothesis that the subthalamopallidal projection is excitatory, we studied the effects of lesions of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) on neuronal activity in the globus pallidus (GP) of monkeys during performance of a motor behavioral task. 2. Animals were trained to position and hold a manipulandum to which torque pulses were applied, producing elbow flexion and extension. The activity of neurons in the external (GPe) and internal (GPi) segments of GP was recorded in two monkeys during task performance before and after STN lesions. The STN was lesioned by the fiber-sparing neurotoxins ibotenic acid and/or kainic acid. 3. After lesioning, the firing rate of neurons in both segments of GP, which was measured during the period of holding before torque application, was significantly decreased in both animals. The mean of discharge rates of GPi neurons decreased (P < 0.001) from 69.8 (n = 169, SD = 21.6) to 47.4 spikes/s (n = 180, SD = 22.6) after lesioning. The mean of discharge rates of GPe neurons decreased from 63.6 spikes/s (n = 218, SD = 25.1) before lesions to 41.0 spikes/s (n = 208, SD = 18.1) after lesioning. 4. These results provide further evidence that STN gives rise to a major excitatory input to both segments of the GP and support the hypothesis that dyskinesias result from decreased GPi output.

scholarly journals A Pilot Study of Individual Muscle Force Prediction during Elbow Flexion and Extension in the Neurorehabilitation Field

Sensors ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiateng Hou ◽  
Yingfei Sun ◽  
Lixin Sun ◽  
Bingyu Pan ◽  
Zhipei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Muscle Force ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Force Prediction ◽  
Individual Muscle ◽  
Flexion And Extension

scholarly journals Design and Implement an Exoskeleton Arm for Reinforcement the Human Muscles after Stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-258
Author(s):  
Duha Qais Abd-ul-Amir ◽  
Auns Qusai Hashim ◽  
Abdulnasir Hussin Ameer
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Mobility Limitations ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Robotic Exoskeleton ◽  
Human Muscles ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Exoskeleton Device ◽  
Flexion And Extension

Mobility limitations in stroke survivors yield negative impacts on the quality of life for such individuals. Rehabilitation is needed to help them recover and regain mobility. Accordingly, this study aims to design and validate a “Robotic Exoskeleton” intended for stroke rehabilitation. The basic principles of this robotic exoskeleton device are its dependence on electromyography signal and electronic microcontroller to provide an efficient physiotherapy exercises system.The robotic exoskeleton is a one degree of freedom which performs the flexion and extension of the elbow joint. After the design was completed, 19 subjects participated in this study: 4 healthy subjects, and 15 post-stroke patients.The results showed the benefit of robotic exoskeleton in increasing the elbow range of motion, where angle of elbow flexion was raised from the first physiotherapy session to maximum elbow flexion in the last session.

Human Finger Independence: Limitations due to Passive Mechanical Coupling Versus Active Neuromuscular Control

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 2802-2810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Lang ◽  
Marc H. Schieber
Keyword(s):  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Passive Condition ◽  
Mechanical Coupling ◽  
Complete Independence ◽  
Active Condition ◽  
Middle Ring ◽  
Human Finger ◽  
Passive Movements ◽  
Flexion And Extension

We studied the extent to which mechanical coupling and neuromuscular control limit finger independence by studying passive and active individuated finger movements in healthy adults. For passive movements, subjects relaxed while each finger was rotated into flexion and extension by a custom-built device. For active movements, subjects moved each finger into flexion and extension while attempting to keep the other, noninstructed fingers still. Active movements were performed through approximately the same joint excursions and at approximately the same speeds as the passive movements. We quantified how mechanical coupling limited finger independence from the passive movements, and quantified how neuromuscular control limited finger independence using an analysis that subtracted the indices obtained in the passive condition from those obtained in the active condition. Finger independence was generally similar during passive and active movements, but showed a trend toward less independence in the middle, ring, and little fingers during active, large-arc movements. Mechanical coupling limited the independence of the index, middle, and ring fingers to the greatest degree, followed by the little finger, and placed only negligible limitations on the independence of the thumb. In contrast, neuromuscular control primarily limited the independence of the ring, and little fingers during large-arc movements, and had minimal effects on the other fingers, especially during small-arc movements. For the movement conditions tested here, mechanical coupling between the fingers appears to be a major factor limiting the complete independence of finger movement.

Learning Transfer from Flexion to Extension Movements: Importance of the Final Position

Motor Control ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusko B. Ilic ◽  
Dragan M. Mirkov ◽  
Slobodan Jaric
Keyword(s):  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Variable Error ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Movement Distance ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Flexion And Extension

Nine subjects (experimental group) were tested on rapid elbow flexion and extension movements performed in the same final position, before and after extensive practice of the movements. Nine additional subjects (control group) were also tested, but without any practice between the tests. Comparison of the pretest and posttest results suggested that the experimental group decreased their variable error (i.e., standard deviation of the final movement position) in both practiced (elbow flexion) and nonpracticed (elbow extension) movements. The control group, however, did not improve in either of tested movements. The experimental group demonstrated lower variable error in the nonpracticed elbow extensions than the control group, while the same difference for practiced elbow flexion movements was slightly below the level of significance. The results support the importance of the final position in programming of rapid, self-terminated movements; however, they do not rule out the role of other kinetic and kinematic variables (such as movement distance).

scholarly journals Child–adult differences in muscle strength and activation pattern during isometric elbow flexion and extension

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bareket Falk ◽  
Charlotte Usselman ◽  
Raffy Dotan ◽  
Laura Brunton ◽  
Panagiota Klentrou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Electromechanical Delay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rate Of Torque Development ◽  
Torque Development ◽  
Flexion And Extension

Muscle strength and activation were compared in boys and men during maximal voluntary elbow flexion and extension contractions. Peak torque, peak rate of torque development (dτ/dτmax), rate of muscle activation, and electromechanical delay (EMD) were measured in 15 boys (aged 9.7 ± 1.6 years) and 16 men (aged 22.1 ± 2.8 years). During flexion, peak torque was significantly lower in boys than in men (19.5 ± 5.8 vs. 68.5 ± 11.0 Nm, respectively; p < 0.05), even when controlling for upper-arm cross-sectional area (CSA), and peak electromyography activity. Boys also exhibited a lower normalized dτ/dτmax (7.2 ± 1.7 vs. 9.5 ± 1.6 (Nm·s–1)·(Nm–1), respectively; p < 0.05) and a significantly longer EMD (75.5 ± 28.4 vs. 47.6 ± 17.5 ms, respectively). The pattern was similar for extension, except that group differences in peak torque were no longer significant when normalized for CSA. These results suggest that children may be less able to recruit or fully utilize their higher-threshold motor units, resulting in lower dimensionally normalized maximal torque and rate of torque development.

Laxity of the Ulnar Nerve During Elbow Flexion and Extension

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1163-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine B. Novak ◽  
Hossein Mehdian ◽  
Herbert P. von Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Ulnar Nerve ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Flexion And Extension

scholarly journals Modified Osteotomy for Treatment of Forearm Deformities (Masada IIb) in Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas: A Retrospective Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ge Yan ◽  
Guoxin Nan
Keyword(s):  
Distraction Osteogenesis ◽  
External Fixator ◽  
Wrist Joint ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Ilizarov External Fixator ◽  
Multiple Osteochondromas ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ulnar Lengthening ◽  
Flexion And Extension

Abstract Purpose: Approximately 30% of patients with hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO) have forearm deformity and dysfunction. The aim of this retrospective study was to review our experience with the surgical treatment of children with HMO and Masada IIb forearm deformities.Methods: Data of eight children treated for HMO Masada IIb forearm deformity at our hospital between 2015 and 2019 were collected from the hospital records and retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent ulnar lengthening by distraction osteogenesis using either the Orthofix or Ilizarov external fixator. Range of movements at the elbow and wrist joints, and forearm supination/pronation, before and after the operation were recorded. Radiographs were evaluated by the Fogel method, and wrist joint function by the Krimmer method.Results: Follow-up radiographs showed significant improvement in relative ulnar shortening after treatment (pre-operative 9.23 ± 5.21 mm; post-operative 0.33 ± 4.13 mm). Changes in radial articular angle (pre-operative 33.55° ± 3.88° to 32.78° ± 6.57°) and carpal slip (pre-operative 45.00% ± 19.09%; post-operative 43.13% ± 16.68%) were not significant. Elbow flexion and extension, wrist flexion and extension, ulnar and radial deviation at wrist, and forearm rotation were significantly improved after surgery. Wrist function was graded as excellent in seven patients and as good in one patient. One patient treated with the Ilizarov external fixator had poor radial head reduction.Conclusion: Ulnar lengthening with distraction osteogenesis is an effective treatment for HMO Masada IIb deformities. The optimum site for ulnar osteotomy appears to be at the proximal one-third to one-fourth of the ulna.

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