Study on the Law of Mining Damage with the Combination of Underground Mining and Open-Pit Mining

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gao-feng Ren ◽  
Xing-kui Fang
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
The Law

Strategic mining options optimization: Open pit mining, underground mining or both

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1065-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Ben-Awuah ◽  
Otto Richter ◽  
Tarrant Elkington ◽  
Yashar Pourrahimian
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining

Numerical Simulation Analysis on the Collapse of Slope in Iron Mine

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 593-596
Author(s):  
Fang Wang ◽  
Chong Shi ◽  
Kai Hua Chen ◽  
De Jie Li ◽  
Ke Han
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Shear Failure ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Tensile Failure ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Roof Fall ◽  
Rock Movement

The process of open-pit mining can lead to high slopes in iron mines, and natural slopes should be rebuilt by the method of roof fall as the exploitation style turns from open-pit mining to the underground mining. So the slope can be steep, deep and may has the characteristics of collapse. It is difficult to describe the stabilization of the mining slope by a conventional safety factor method. Through the numerical simulation of underground mining process, this paper analyzes the result of distortion stress and rock movement rupture range. Studies have shown that the failure mode is dominated by tensile failure as a pattern of collapse and few is dominated by shear failure. The failure zone is controlled by rock mass parameters and structures. The results can be helpful for the proposition of exploitation program and safety management design.

scholarly journals Optimal Extraction Methods Selection for Kakosa South Copper Ore Deposit Applying Modified Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Idea Solution Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-132
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Modified Technique ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
Ore Deposit ◽  
Transition Depth ◽  
Sublevel Stoping

Kakosa South copper deposit is located about 450km northwest of Lusaka between Chingola and Chililabombwe. A comprehensive study of Kakosa South deposit was carried out. In Kakosa area the footwall aquifer rocks comprising sandstone and conglomerates which are thin and as such are not expected to represent major aquifers. Copper mineralisation is found in the upper quartzite and ore-shale. The inclination of the deposit ranges from 250 up to 350 . The hangingwall formations above the upper quartzite are represented by a sequence of dolomite and shale formations. Based on Kakosa geotechnical analysis and rock mass classification, fuzzy TOPSIS approach was employed for the selection of optimal extraction techniques. FTOPSIS approach has precise and specific quantities which are used in order to establish criteria and option weights. Triangular fuzzy numbers were determined to represent semantic variables. The fuzzy numbers for Kakosa South parameters were used as input data in the decision making model and matched against the criteria required for the mining method. Applying FDM model, extraction techniques were ranked. The results indicated that open pit extraction technique was ranked first with 78.90 scores followed by sublevel stoping with 66.88 scores. It is concluded that the Kakosa South copper ore deposit can optimally be extracted by open pit mining up to transition depth and transit from open pit mining to underground mining employing sublevel stoping.

scholarly journals Determination of the Ultimate Underground Mining Depth considering the Effect of Granular Rock and the Range of Surface Caving

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Rongxing He ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Delin Song ◽  
Fengyu Ren
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Rock Mass ◽  
Mechanical Model ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Mining Depth

Continuous mining of metal deposits leads the overlying strata to move, deform, and collapse, which is particularly obvious when open-pit mining and underground mining are adjacent. Once the mining depth of the adjacent open-pit lags severely behind the underground, the ultimate underground mining depth needs to be studied before the surface deformation extends to the open-pit mining area. The numerical simulation and the mechanical model are applied to research the ultimate underground mining depth of the southeast mining area in the Gongchangling Iron mine. In the numerical simulation, the effect of granular rock is considered and the granular rock in the collapse pit is simplified as the degraded rock mass. The ultimate underground mining depth can be obtained by the values of the indicators of surface movement and deformation. In the mechanical model, the modified mechanical model for the progressive hanging wall caving is established based on Hoke’s conclusion, which considers the lateral pressure of the granular rock. Using the limiting equilibrium analysis, the relationship of the ultimate underground mining depth and the range of surface caving can be derived. The results show that the ultimate underground mining depth obtained by the numerical simulation is greater than the theoretical calculation of the modified mechanical model. The reason for this difference may be related to the assumption of the granular rock in the numerical simulation, which increases the resistance of granular rock to the deformation of rock mass. Therefore, the ultimate underground mining depth obtained by the theoretical calculation is suggested. Meanwhile, the surface displacement monitoring is implemented to verify the reasonability of the ultimate underground mining depth. Monitoring results show that the indicators of surface deformation are below the critical value of dangerous movement when the underground is mined to the ultimate mining depth. The practice proves that the determination of the ultimate underground mining depth in this work can ensure the safety of the open-pit and underground synergetic mining.

scholarly journals Combined Method of Coal Mining in the Opening of Shallow Layers as a Direction of Innovative Development of Geotechnology

2021 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Tatiana Tyuleneva ◽  
Roman Shishkov ◽  
Elena Kucherova ◽  
Marat Moldazhanov
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Coal Reserves ◽  
The Cost

In recent years, there has been a decline in the efficiency of coal mining by traditional methods. On the one hand, the volume of coal outside the contour of the cut, which is economically impractical for open-pit mining, is increasing. On the other hand, when using underground geotechnology, the cost of production exceeds the cost of performing mining operations using open geotechnology, this is due to differences in the factors of operation of the open pit and the mine. This circumstance determines the use of open-underground technology for mining coal reserves outside the contour of the open pit as an actual and promising direction. This article describes a methodological approach based on the use of technological schemes for the preparation and treatment of reserves of powerful shallow coal seams, the justification of the parameters of combined geotechnology with a coordinated and balanced development of open and open-underground mining operations with the distribution of reserves for open and open-underground mining of coal reserves beyond the limit contour of the open pit, the preparation of excavation sites directly from its workings and the coordination of production capacity and the speed of their development. Its application will increase the production capacity of the coal mining complex without additional environmental burden and will provide an increased return on investment.

Muruntau gold mining and refining operation: Resources, expansion program and future considerations

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
K. Sanakulov ◽  
N. P. Snitka
Keyword(s):  
Gold Mining ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Gold Ore ◽  
Refining Operation ◽  
Production Improvement ◽  
Stable Performance

The international geological community has acknowledged Muruntau gold deposit as the greatest discovery in the mid-to-late 20th century. Muruntau mine field holds the total appraised resource potential of more than 4.5 thousand tons of gold. Hydrometallurgical plant GMZ-3 implements gold-ore processing by gravitational sedimentation and adsorption. The technological and instrumental modernization of the gold processing circuit toward its higher capacity, gold recovery and thoroughness are the important aspects of production improvement and cost reduction. The developed and introduced ore milling flowchart provides replacement of the second milling stage pumps by higher-capacity pumps backed up with additional cyclones. Aiming to ensure stable gold production at plants GMZ-2 and GMZ-3, Navoi MMC’s experts accomplished the feasibility study of mining operations in Chukurkuduk and Turbai deposits in 2020. The growth prospects for open pit mining in Murunatu–Myutenbai fields after 2060 are estimated using the model of optimized ultimate pit limit design at the gold price of USD 1500/t. The model ultimate pit limit embraces all probable reserves as per the detailed 2D seismic data as of early 2020, including proven reserves intended for open pit and underground mining. The gold ore appraisal and the expansion program elaborated for Muruntau gold mining and refining integrated works in joint Muruntau–Myutenbai field, through implementation of operation phases V and further make it possible to forecast stable performance up to 2030–2050.

scholarly journals Geo-Environmental Problems of Open Pit Mining: Classification and Solutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 01034
Author(s):  
Michaela Koščová ◽  
Mark Hellmer ◽  
Seroni Anyona ◽  
Tatiana Gvozdkova
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Open Development ◽  
Entire Complex

Open mining development is the cheapest method, because it uses powerful production equipment, which allows a large amount of minerals to be excavated during a shift. Working conditions in open development are less dangerous for the health of workers, and a smaller number of supervisory personnel than in underground mining is required. In the process of open development, stripping works are first carried out, i.e. the removal of the empty rocks covering the deposit. Constantly growing requirements for energy sources, metal ores and building materials cause the need for intensive development of the mining industry. There is a rejection of significant areas for the development of minerals in an open and closed way. The causes of degradation are both the mining of minerals, as well as construction, the placement of production and consumption wastes in the natural environment. Changes in the components of the environment are observed as a result of direct or indirect influence of mining enterprises activities. This requires an analysis of the entire complex of geo-environmental problems of open mining and the identification of the most urgent ways to solve them.

scholarly journals Mapping Annual Land Disturbance and Reclamation in a Surface Coal Mining Region Using Google Earth Engine and the LandTrendr Algorithm: A Case Study of the Shengli Coalfield in Inner Mongolia, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Xiao ◽  
Xinyu Deng ◽  
Tingting He ◽  
Wenqi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Surface Mining ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Google Earth Engine

The development and utilization of mining resources are basic requirements for social and economic development. Both open-pit mining and underground mining have impacts on land, ecology, and the environment. Of these, open-pit mining is considered to have the greatest impact due to the drastic changes wrought on the original landform and the disturbance to vegetation. As awareness of environmental protection has grown, land reclamation has been included in the mining process. In this study, we used the Shengli Coalfield in the eastern steppe region of Inner Mongolia to demonstrate a mining and reclamation monitoring process. We combined the Google Earth Engine platform with time series Landsat images and the LandTrendr algorithm to identify and monitor mining disturbances to grassland and land reclamation in open-pit mining areas of the coalfield between 2003 and 2019. Pixel-based trajectories were used to reconstruct the temporal evolution of vegetation, and sequential Landsat archive data were used to achieve accurate measures of disturbances to vegetation. The results show that: (1) the proposed method can be used to determine the years in which vegetation disturbance and recovery occurred with accuracies of 86.53% and 78.57%, respectively; (2) mining in the Shengli mining area resulted in the conversion of 89.98 km2 of land from grassland, water, etc., to barren earth, and only 23.54 km2 was reclaimed, for a reclamation rate of 26.16%; and (3) the method proposed in this paper can achieve fast, efficient identification of surface mining land disturbances and reclamation, and has the potential to be applied to other similar areas.

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