Comparison of different classifiers to recognize active bone marrow from CT images

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samanta Rosati ◽  
Pierfrancesco Franco ◽  
Christian Fiandra ◽  
Francesca Arcadipane ◽  
Patrick Silvetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Ct Images

Optimization of an Intra-Bone Hematopoietic Stem Cell Delivery Technique in a Swine Model.

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 2990-2990
Author(s):  
Jeremy M Pantin ◽  
Robert F Hoyt ◽  
Omer Aras ◽  
Marcus Y Chen ◽  
Noriko Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Iliac Crest ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Iliac Bone ◽  
Pelvic Bone ◽  
Dynamic Ct ◽  
Human Cd34 ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Cd34 Cells ◽  
Marrow Space

Abstract Abstract 2990 Introduction Transplantation of allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) is an effective treatment for a variety of hematological diseases. Intravenous (IV) injection is the routine method for HPC transplantation, based on the concept of “homing” to the bone marrow. To date, intrabone (IB) HPC transplantation has largely been investigated in the preclinical setting with only limited application in humans. Furthermore, an optimized method for the direct IB infusion of HPC in humans which maximizes cellular retention in the bone has not yet been developed. In this study, we aimed to optimize the IB transplantation procedure using a large animal model with the goal of retaining HPCs within the pelvic bone and to explore the feasibility of radionuclide labeling to assess the trafficking of HPCs using PET/CT imaging early after IB transplantation. Methods HPC collection: a) Human HPCswere mobilized from healthy volunteers using G-CSF then were positively selected for CD34+ cells using immuno-magnetic beads (MiltenyiBiotec, MA) then were cryopreserved. b) Porcine bone marrow (BM) cells were aspirated (approximately 40 ml) from the iliac crest of swine then were filtered and mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated using Ficoll-Paque™ with density gradient separation. All animal procedures were conducted using domestic swine (Susscrofadomesticus) on NHLBI Animal Use Committee approved protocols. IB access in animals was initially achieved using the OnControl driver (Vidacare Corp. TX). To evaluate flow through the marrow and venous drainage, direct IB injection into the hemipelvis with iopamidol-370 contrast was performed under anesthesia with dynamic CT images acquired using a 320-detector row scanner (Aquilion One, Toshiba Medical, Japan). Human CD34+ and swine BM MNCs were labeled with Zirconium-89 (89Zr) then were assessed for viability, cell number, and the level of cellular radioactivity. Radiolabeled cells were then injected into pigs either IV or directly IB into the porcine pelvis at different infusion rates. Intramarrow(IM) pressures were measured continuously during IB injection using Millarcatheters and acquired simultaneously with intra-arterial pressure and electrocardiography on a PowerLab data acquisition system (ADInstruments, CO) and analyzed using LabChart 7. After injection of labeled cells, positron emission tomography (PET) images were acquired for up to 180 minutes with a clinical PET/CT system (Gemini TF, Philips Medical Systems, MA) to assess cellular distribution and homing. Results Peak IM pressures during bolus hand IB injection were high, substantially exceeding systemic systolic arterial pressures. In contrast, IM pressures during slow IB infusion were significantly lower, remaining well below diastolic arterial pressures. During manual sequential hand IB injection of 5 ml aliquots of contrast at two different sites in the ipsilateral iliac crest, dynamic CT images revealed leakage from the initial access site after the first injection as well as immediate drainage into the ipsilateral iliac vein. Following manual hand injection of 89Zr labeled human CD34+ cells (89Zr-hCD34+) given IV in swine via the external jugular vein, there was persistent PET activity noted in the lungs for up to 3 hrs. Bolus hand IB injection of 89Zr labeled swine BM MNCs or 89Zr-hCD34+ cells revealed PET activity in the iliac bone as well as activity in the lungs. Furthermore, PET activity following bolus hand IB injection was also noted in surrounding tissues outside the bone when more than a single ipsilateral injection site was used. In contrast, slow infusion of 89Zr labeled swine BMMNCs or 89Zr-hCD34+cells resulted in PET activity that was limited to the iliac bone, indicating retention of cells within the marrow space with no leakage of cells to the lungs. Conclusion Rapid hand infusion of HPCs into the pelvic bone results in cellular leakage out of the marrow space into the lungs. In contrast, slow IB infusion of HPCs localizes cells to the bone marrow without leakage to the lungs. These data suggest maintaining low IM pressures may be critical to maximize cellular trapping in the marrow space following IB HPC transplantation in humans. Further study will be required to determine whether this optimized IB transplantation approach can be used to improve engraftment in recipients of transplants containing low HPC numbers. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Bone marrow lesions in the knee diagnosed in MR images are associated with locally increased bone mineral density measured on CT images

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. S209-S210 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lowitz ◽  
O. Museyko ◽  
L. Laouisset ◽  
J.-D. Laredo ◽  
V.D. Bousson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Marrow Lesions

scholarly journals Quantitative and qualitative assessment of plasma cell dyscrasias in dual-layer spectral CT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Brandelik ◽  
S. Skornitzke ◽  
T. Mokry ◽  
S. Sauer ◽  
W. Stiller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Bone Marrow Infiltration ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Spectral Ct ◽  
Diffuse Infiltration ◽  
Plasma Cell Dyscrasias ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
Conventional Ct

Abstract Objectives Virtual non-calcium (VNCa) images could improve assessment of plasma cell dyscrasias by enhancing visibility of bone marrow. Thus, VNCa images from dual-layer spectral CT (DLCT) were evaluated at different calcium suppression (CaSupp) indices, correlating results with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values from MRI. Methods Thirty-two patients with initial clinical diagnosis of a plasma cell dyscrasia before any chemotherapeutic treatment, who had undergone whole-body low-dose DLCT and MRI within 2 months, were retrospectively enrolled. VNCa images with CaSupp indices ranging from 25 to 95 in steps of 10, conventional CT images, and ADC maps were quantitatively analyzed using region-of-interests in the vertebral bodies C7, T12, L1-L5, and the iliac bone. Independent two-sample t-test, Wilcoxon-signed-rank test, Pearson’s correlation, and ROC analysis were performed. Results Eighteen patients had a non-diffuse, 14 a diffuse infiltration in conventional MRI. A significant difference between diffuse and non-diffuse infiltration was shown for VNCa-CT with CaSupp indices from 55 to 95, for conventional CT, and for ADC (each p < 0.0001). Significant quantitative correlation between VNCa-CT and MRI could be found with strongest correlation at CaSupp index 65 for L3 (r = 0.68, p < 0.0001) and averaged L1-L5 (r = 0.66, p < 0.0001). The optimum CT number cut-off point for differentiation between diffuse and non-diffuse infiltration at CaSupp index 65 for averaged L1-L5 was −1.6 HU (sensitivity 78.6%, specificity 75.0%). Conclusion Measurements in VNCa-CT showed the highest correlation with ADC at CaSupp index 65. VNCa technique may prove useful for evaluation of bone marrow infiltration if MRI is not feasible. Key Points • VNCa-CT images can support the evaluation of bone marrow infiltration in plasma cell dyscrasias. • VNCa measurements of vertebral bodies show significant correlation with ADC in MRI. • Averaging L1-L5 at CaSupp index 65 allowed quantitative detection of infiltration comparable to MRI ADC.

scholarly journals A predicting model of bone marrow malignant infiltration in 18F-FDG PET/CT images with increased diffuse bone marrow FDG uptake

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1737-1744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingge Zhou ◽  
Yumei Chen ◽  
Jianjun Liu ◽  
Gang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Predicting Model ◽  
Fdg Uptake ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Glycogen in guinea pig neutrophils: Ultrastructural study of neutrophils at the intradermal site of BCG injection

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 726-727
Author(s):  
Corazon D. Bucana
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies

In the circulating blood of man and guinea pigs, glycogen occurs primarily in polymorphonuclear neutrophils and platelets. The amount of glycogen in neutrophils increases with time after the cells leave the bone marrow, and the distribution of glycogen in neutrophils changes from an apparently random distribution to large clumps when these cells move out of the circulation to the site of inflammation in the peritoneal cavity. The objective of this study was to further investigate changes in glycogen content and distribution in neutrophils. I chose an intradermal site because it allows study of neutrophils at various stages of extravasation.Initially, osmium ferrocyanide and osmium ferricyanide were used to fix glycogen in the neutrophils for ultrastructural studies. My findings confirmed previous reports that showed that glycogen is well preserved by both these fixatives and that osmium ferricyanide protects glycogen from solubilization by uranyl acetate.I found that osmium ferrocyanide similarly protected glycogen. My studies showed, however, that the electron density of mitochondria and other cytoplasmic organelles was lower in samples fixed with osmium ferrocyanide than in samples fixed with osmium ferricyanide.

Mammalian Bone Marrow Acetylcholinesterase

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Ezzatollah Keyhani
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mammalian Bone

Acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) (ACHE) has been localized at cholinergic junctions both in the central nervous system and at the periphery and it functions in neurotransmission. ACHE was also found in other tissues without involvement in neurotransmission, but exhibiting the common property of transporting water and ions. This communication describes intracellular ACHE in mammalian bone marrow and its secretion into the extracellular medium.

The structure of pre-mRNA and mRNA from erythroid cells

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-235
Author(s):  
A.-M. Ladhoff ◽  
B.J. Thiele ◽  
Ch. Coutelle ◽  
S. Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Erythroid Cells ◽  
Globin Mrna ◽  
Ordered Structures ◽  
Rabbit Bone ◽  
Rabbit Reticulocytes

The suggested precursor-product relationship between the nuclear pre-mRNA and the cytoplasmic mRNA has created increased interest also in the structure of these RNA species. Previously we have been published electron micrographs of individual pre-mRNA molecules from erythroid cells. An intersting observation was the appearance of a contour, probably corresponding to higher ordered structures, on one end of 10 % of the pre-mRNA molecules from erythroid rabbit bone marrow cells (Fig. 1A). A virtual similar contour was observed in molecules of 9S globin mRNA from rabbit reticulocytes (Fig. 1B). A structural transformation in a linear contour occurs if the RNA is heated for 10 min to 90°C in the presence of 80 % formamide. This structural transformation is reversible when the denatured RNA is precipitated and redissolved in 0.2 M ammonium acetate.

Sinusoidal Cells in Bone Marrow Take Up BSA-Au Conjugates in the Presence of an Artificial Blood Substitute

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 700-701
Author(s):  
J.S. Geoffroy ◽  
R.P. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Iliac Artery ◽  
Blood Substitute ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Coated Pits ◽  
Sinusoidal Cells ◽  
Artificial Blood ◽  
Left Common Iliac Artery

The pattern of BSA-Au uptake in vivo by endothelial cells of the venous sinuses (sinusoidal cells) of rat bone marrow has been described previously. BSA-Au conjugates are taken up exclusively in coated pits and vesicles, enter and pass through an “endosomal” compartment comprised of smooth-membraned tubules and vacuoles and cup-like bodies, and subsequently reside in multivesicular and dense bodies. The process is very rapid, with BSA-Au reaching secondary lysosmes one minute after presentation. (Figure 1)In further investigations of this process an isolated limb perfusion method using an artificial blood substitute, Oxypherol-ET (O-ET; Alpha Therapeutics, Los Angeles, CA) was developed. Under nembutal anesthesia, male Sprague-Dawley rats were laparotomized. The left common iliac artery and vein were ligated and the right iliac artery was cannulated via the aorta with a small vein catheter. Pump tubing, preprimed with oxygenated 0-ET at 37°C, was connected to the cannula.

Neutrophil pseudoplatelets in subgingival plaque and crevicular fluid samples from periodontal diseased sites

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 862-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Hanker ◽  
E.J. Burkes ◽  
G. Greco ◽  
R. Scruggs ◽  
B. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Subgingival Plaque ◽  
Staining Reaction ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

The mature neutrophil with a segmented nucleus (usually having 3 or 4 lobes) is generally considered to be the end-stage cell of the neutrophil series. It is usually found as such in the bone marrow and peripheral blood where it normally is the most abundant leukocyte. Neutrophils, however, must frequently leave the peripheral blood and migrate into areas of infection to combat microorganisms. It is in such areas that neutrophils were first observed to fragment to form platelet-size particles some of which have a nuclear lobe. These neutrophil pseudoplatelets (NPP) can readily be distinguished from true platelets because they stain for neutrophil myeloperoxidase. True platelets are not positive in this staining reaction because their peroxidase Is inhibited by glutaraldehyde. Neutrophil pseudoplatelets, as well as neutrophils budding to form NPP, could frequently be observed in peripheral blood or bone marrow samples of leukemia patients. They are much more prominent, however, in smears of inflammatory exudates that contain gram-negative bacteria and in gingival crevicular fluid samples from periodontal disease sites. In some of these samples macrophages ingesting, or which contained, pseudoplatelets could be observed. The myeloperoxidase in the ingested pseudoplatelets was frequently active. Despite these earlier observations we did not expect to find many NPP in subgingival plaque smears from diseased sites. They were first seen by light microscopy (Figs. 1, 3-5) in smears on coverslips stained with the PATS reaction, a variation of the PAS reaction which deposits silver for light and electron microscopy. After drying replicate PATS-stained coverslips with hexamethyldisilazane, they were sputter coated with gold and then examined by the SEI and BEI modes of scanning electron microscopy (Fig. 2). Unstained replicate coverslips were fixed, and stained for the demonstration of myeloperoxidase in budding neutrophils and NPP. Neutrophils, activated macrophages and spirochetes as well as other gram-negative bacteria were also prominent in the PATS stained samples. In replicate subgingival plaque smears stained with our procedure for granulocyte peroxidases only neutrophils, budding neutrophils or NPP were readily observed (Fig. 6).

Application of Spurr, LX112, LX112/ARALDITE 502, POLY/BED 812 and Effapoxy Embedding Media to in Vitro Agar-Cultured Bone Marrow Colonies.

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 646-647
Author(s):  
Glenn M. Buchanan ◽  
Dennis A. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Cell

In vitro bone-marrow derived colonies cultured in agar and prepared in Epon 812 for electron microscopy occassionally produce blocks that are too soft for sectioning. We attribute this softness to the retention, after standard dehydration, of water by the agar and to the relatively slow penetration of the agar by Epon-based embedding media. The agar cannot be removed or replaced since this would disrupt the colony integrity and prevent the study of cell-cell relationships. This paper describes the procedures and results of more extensive specimen dehydration and of embedding with Epon-replacement formulations.

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