PatrasSense: Participatory Monitoring of Environmental Conditions in Urban Areas Using Sensor Networks and Smartphones

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantelis Vikatos ◽  
Evangelos Theodoridis ◽  
Georgios Mylonas ◽  
Athanasios Tsakalidis
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Participatory Monitoring

Optimal gateway placement for hybrid BANETs-sensor networks in urban areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Chunyan Liu ◽  
Hejiao Huang ◽  
Hongwei Du ◽  
Xiaohua Jia
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Gateway Placement

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS UNTUK PETERNAKAN CERDAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Munsyi Munsyi ◽  
Muhammad Syahid Febriadi ◽  
Nahdi Saubari
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
The Government

Di era Internet of Things (IoT). Siapapun dapat mengakses data dimanapun dan kapanpun. Semua data yang tersimpan dapat diakses dengan menggunakan perangkat seperti smartphone, laptop, dan komputer. Salah satu dari teknologi Internet of Things adalah smart city untuk memonitoring lingkungan. Untuk dapat mengetahui kondisi dan kualitas suatu lingkungan, seseorang tidak perlu lagi menunggu pengumuman informasi atau datang ke instansi terkait di pemerintahan. Pemanfaatan IoT pada monitoring lingkungan dapat di terapkan pada bidang peternakan. Hal ini dapat membantu seseorang dalam mengetahui kualitas dari kondisi lingkungan yang akan dimanfaatkan untuk peternakan. Dalam hal ini adalah bagaimana mengetahui peternakan yang cocok untuk diterapkan dilingkungan yang dia tuju untuk membangun peternakan sapi atau peternakan ayam. Menggunakan perangkat wireless sensor networks (WSN) untuk melakukan pengambilan nilai dari kondisi lingkungan tersebut dapat membantu mengetahui kondisi dan kualitas lingkungan. IoT membantu seseorang untuk membuka usaha dibidang peternakan yang cocok untuk wilayah tersebut tanpa harus melakukan banyak survey yang menelan banyak biaya. Hanya dengan menggunakan teknologi IoT siapapun dapat mendapatkan data kualitas lingkungan yang cocok untuk membuka sebuah peternakan dengan kondisi lingkungan yang sudah diketahui sebelumnya. Kata kunci: Internet of Things, Kondisi Lingkungan, Peternakan, Smart City, WSN. In the Internet of Things era (IoT). Everyone can access the data in anywhere and anytime. All stored data can be accessed using end devices such as smartphones, laptops and computers. One of the IoT technologies is a smart city for monitoring the environment. To be able to know the condition and quality of an environment, everyone does not need to wait for the announcement of information or come to the relevant agencies in the government. Utilization of IoT on Environmental Monitoring can be applied to the field of ranch. in this case it will be used for helping someone in knowing the quality of environmental conditions that will be used for. In this case it is how to find out which ranchs are suitable to be applied in the environment from the user that he want to construct cow or chicken ranch. Using wireless sensor networks (WSN) to retrieve values from these environmental conditions can help determine the condition and quality of the environment. IoT helps someone to open a business in field of ranchs that is suitable for region without having to do many survey. Only by using IoT, anyone can get suitable environmental quality data to open a ranch with environmental conditions that have been known before.Keywords: Environmental conditions, Internet of Things, Ranch, Smart City, WSN. 

Optimization of wireless sensor network deployment for electromagnetic situation monitoring

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 746-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Malon ◽  
Paweł Skokowski ◽  
Jerzy Lopatka
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Radio Receivers ◽  
Effective Performance ◽  
Performance Area

Wireless sensor networks are an increasingly popular tool for monitoring various environmental parameters. They can also be used for monitoring the electromagnetic spectrum. Wireless sensors, due to their small size, typically have simplified radio receivers with reduced sensitivity and use small antennas. As a result, their effective performance area is similarly limited. This is especially important in urban areas where there are various kinds of adverse propagation phenomena related to area coverage. The aim of this paper is to present the phenomena in the wireless sensor networks and propose criteria and methods to optimize their deployment to ensure maximizing the probability of detection of emissions, minimization of unmonitored areas, and to provide the necessary hardware redundancy in the priority areas. Influence of detection parameters, number of sensors and range constraints between sensors on received outcomes are also presented.

Overlay-Based Middleware for the Pervasive Grid

2012 ◽  
pp. 566-588
Author(s):  
Paul Grace ◽  
Danny Hughes ◽  
Geoff Coulson ◽  
Gordon S. Blair ◽  
Barry Porter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Grid Computing ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Overlay Networks ◽  
Dynamic Adaptation ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Flood Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Application

Grid computing is becoming increasingly pervasive; sensor networks and mobile devices are now connected with traditional Grid infrastructure to form geographically diverse complex systems. Applications of this type can be classified as the Pervasive Grid. In this chapter we examine how traditional Grid technologies and middleware are inherently unsuited to address the challenges of extreme heterogeneity and fluctuating environmental conditions in these systems. We present Gridkit, a configurable and reconfigurable reflective middleware that leverages overlay networks and dynamic software in response to the requirements of the Pervasive Grid. We also illustrate how Gridkit has been used to deploy a flood monitoring application at a river in the north west of England; this demonstrates both the flexibility Gridkit provides, and how dynamic adaptation optimises performance and resource consumption.

Security of Wireless Sensor Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 2205-2230
Author(s):  
Mumtaz Qabulio ◽  
Yasir Arfat Malkani ◽  
Muhammad S. Memon ◽  
Ayaz Keerio
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Security Protocols ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Security Attacks ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Memory Space ◽  
Smart Transportation

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are comprised of large collections of small devices having low operating power, low memory space, and limited processing capabilities referred to as sensor nodes. The nodes in WSNs are capable of sensing, recording, and monitoring environmental conditions. Nowadays, a variety of WSNs applications can be found in many areas such as in healthcare, agriculture, industries, military, homes, offices, hospitals, smart transportation, and smart buildings. Though WSNs offer many useful applications, they suffer from many deployment issues. The security issue is one of them. The security of WSNs is considerable because of the use of unguided medium and their deployment in harsh, physically unprotected, and unattended environments. This chapter aims to discuss various security objectives and security attacks on WSNs and summarizes the discussed attacks according to their categories. The chapter also discusses different security protocols presented to prevent, detect, and recover the WSNs from various security attacks.

scholarly journals Landscape and Climate Influence the Patterns of Genetic Diversity and Inbreeding in Cerrado Plant Species

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Luciana Cristina Vitorino ◽  
Mateus Neri Oliveira Reis ◽  
Layara Alexandre Bessa ◽  
Ueric José Borges de Souza ◽  
Fabiano Guimarães Silva
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Buffer Size ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Landscape Features ◽  
Center Periphery

The anthropization of the landscape of the Cerrado biome that has occurred over the past few decades has fragmented its natural environments, impacting the connectivity of the plant populations and altering their gene flow. Plant species may also reduce population size in response to sub-optimal climatic and environmental conditions, and observed distribution patterns may align with theoretical schemes, such as the center–periphery model, that is, it is possible that populations on the edge have lower genetic diversity than center populations, theoretically submitted to environmental conditions closer to the optimum. In this context, we evaluate whether the genetic diversity and inbreeding coefficients of Cerrado plant species are affected by landscape features and climate characteristics, and in particular, if the distribution of the genetic diversity of these plants is consistent with the center–periphery model. To do this, we conducted a literature search for genetic studies of Cerrado plant populations using Scopus, Web of Science, and Scielo databases and the species found were used as a proxy to explore patterns throughout the biome. The data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) and multiple matrix regressions (MMRRs) to evaluate the effects of landscape features and climatic variables on the observed (HO) and expected heterozygosity (HE), allelic richness (AR) and inbreeding (Fis) patterns of the local populations. The landscape was evaluated in terms of the percentage land cover of agriculture (AG), forestry (FO), remnant vegetation (RV), urban areas (UA), pasture (PA), and water (WA) within buffers of 1 km, 3 km, and 5 km around the study populations. We analyzed 121 populations of 31 plant species. The GLMMs showed that HO was affected by FO regardless of buffer size, while HE was also affected by FO, but also by WA and UA. AR was affected by WA and UA in all three buffer zones while the Fis was affected by FO and AU. The MMRRs showed that WA may affect HO, HE, and Fis within the 1 km buffer, while FO affects HO and UA affects AR within the 5 km buffer. In the case of the 1 km and 3 km buffers, however, the geographic distance between populations was identified as a factor determining the genetic diversity and inbreeding indices, indicating that isolation by distance may be an important factor defining the breeding patterns of the Cerrado plant populations. The GLMMs and MMRRs also showed that the mean annual temperature (MAT) and, to a lesser extent, isothermality (ISO) can explain the variation in genetic diversity observed in the Cerrado plant populations. We also found that the center–periphery model fits the distribution pattern observed in most of the species evaluated, including Annona crassiflora,Annona coriacea, Copaifera langsdorffii, and Eugenia dysenterica. Our results indicate that changes in the climate and the landscape of Brazilian Cerrado must be considered carefully to guarantee minimizing the impacts of these processes on the genetic diversity of Cerrado plant species and ensuring the long-term conservation of these species in this biome.

scholarly journals Review of Wireless Acoustic Sensor Networks for Environmental Noise Monitoring in Smart Cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesc Alías ◽  
Rosa Ma. Alsina-Pagès
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Environmental Noise ◽  
Acoustic Sensor ◽  
Noise Mapping ◽  
Acoustic Sensor Networks ◽  
Internet Of Things Technology

Nowadays, more than half of the world’s population lives in urban areas. Since this proportion is expected to keep rising, the sustainable development of cities is of paramount importance to guarantee the quality of life of their inhabitants. Environmental noise is one of the main concerns that has to be addressed, due to its negative impact on the health of people. Different national and international noise directives and legislations have been defined during the past decades, which local authorities must comply with involving noise mapping, action plans, policing, and public awareness, among others. To this aim, a recent change in the paradigm for environmental noise monitoring has been driven by the rise of Internet of Things technology within smart cities through the design and development of wireless acoustic sensor networks (WASNs). This work reviews the most relevant WASN-based approaches developed to date focused on environmental noise monitoring. The proposals have moved from networks composed of high-accuracy commercial devices to the those integrated by ad hoc low-cost acoustic sensors, sometimes designed as hybrid networks with low and high computational capacity nodes. After describing the main characteristics of recent WASN-based projects, the paper also discusses several open challenges, such as the development of acoustic signal processing techniques to identify noise events, to allow the reliable and pervasive deployment of WASNs in urban areas together with some potential future applications.

Behaviour of Pigeon Excreta on Masonry Surfaces

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk HR Spennemann ◽  
Melissa Pike ◽  
Maggie J Watson
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Bird ◽  
Bird Droppings ◽  
Pigeon Droppings ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Pigeon droppings are implicated in spoiling and decay of buildings. Several studies have examined the effects and chemistry of accumulations of pigeon droppings under highly localised pigeon roosts. Scant information exists on the impact caused by individual pigeon droppings at perch sites, even though these constitute the majority of bird use in urban areas. This study experimentally examined the processes that affect masonry immediately after pigeon excreta have been voided from the body and what effects discrete, fresh pigeon droppings have on different kinds of sandstone. The experiments demonstrated the susceptibility of freshly deposited excreta to environmental conditions (relative humidity and precipitation). In real-life situations, with pigeon excreta deposited on window ledges, cornices and parapets, the majority of damage would occur within the first two weeks of deposition. After that, the majority of individual droppings would have either dissolved or desiccated to such a degree that they would have rolled off. Much of the observed staining is superficial. While individual bird droppings make a building look dirty, even for months at a time, the effect on the building material is not substantial unless other factors come into play such as colonisation of the excreta by mould or leaching of salts from the excreta.

scholarly journals Integrity and Collaboration in Dynamic Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 2400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Schön ◽  
Claus Brenner ◽  
Hamza Alkhatib ◽  
Max Coenen ◽  
Hani Dbouk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Map Data ◽  
Dynamic Sensor Networks

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) deliver absolute position and velocity, as well as time information (P, V, T). However, in urban areas, the GNSS navigation performance is restricted due to signal obstructions and multipath. This is especially true for applications dealing with highly automatic or even autonomous driving. Subsequently, multi-sensor platforms including laser scanners and cameras, as well as map data are used to enhance the navigation performance, namely in accuracy, integrity, continuity and availability. Although well-established procedures for integrity monitoring exist for aircraft navigation, for sensors and fusion algorithms used in automotive navigation, these concepts are still lacking. The research training group i.c.sens, integrity and collaboration in dynamic sensor networks, aims to fill this gap and to contribute to relevant topics. This includes the definition of alternative integrity concepts for space and time based on set theory and interval mathematics, establishing new types of maps that report on the trustworthiness of the represented information, as well as taking advantage of collaboration by improved filters incorporating person and object tracking. In this paper, we describe our approach and summarize the preliminary results.

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