5G-enabled Road Safety and Cybersecurity Services for Connected and Automated Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiia Ojanpera ◽  
Johan Scholliers ◽  
Timo Sukuvaara ◽  
Iiro Salkari ◽  
Hongwen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Automated Vehicles

scholarly journals The Correlation between Vehicle Vertical Dynamics and Deep Learning-Based Visual Target State Estimation: A Sensitivity Study

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (22) ◽  
pp. 4870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannik Weber ◽  
Stratis Kanarachos
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Vehicle Suspension ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Detection And Tracking ◽  
First Time

Automated vehicles will provide greater transport convenience and interconnectivity, increase mobility options to young and elderly people, and reduce traffic congestion and emissions. However, the largest obstacle towards the deployment of automated vehicles on public roads is their safety evaluation and validation. Undeniably, the role of cameras and Artificial Intelligence-based (AI) vision is vital in the perception of the driving environment and road safety. Although a significant number of studies on the detection and tracking of vehicles have been conducted, none of them focused on the role of vertical vehicle dynamics. For the first time, this paper analyzes and discusses the influence of road anomalies and vehicle suspension on the performance of detecting and tracking driving objects. To this end, we conducted an extensive road field study and validated a computational tool for performing the assessment using simulations. A parametric study revealed the cases where AI-based vision underperforms and may significantly degrade the safety performance of AVs.

scholarly journals Are Connected and Automated Vehicles the Silver Bullet for Future Transportation Challenges? Benefits and Weaknesses on Safety, Consumption, and Traffic Congestion

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Gruyer ◽  
Olivier Orfila ◽  
Sébastien Glaser ◽  
Abdelmename Hedhli ◽  
Nicolas Hautière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Polluting Emissions ◽  
Reliability And Robustness ◽  
High Level ◽  
Traffic Optimization ◽  
Silver Bullet

With the growing development of Cooperative, Connected, and Automated Mobility (CCAM), questions arise about the real impact of this innovative mobility on our daily life. CCAM originally promised to improve road safety. It is now a holistic solution for future mobility: the CCAM is there to optimize traffic, which can translate into strategies for reducing energy consumption or polluting emissions, without compromising road safety. The capability of CCAM is dependent on the reliability and robustness of its components, as it will be making life-impacting decisions. It is therefore necessary to be able to guarantee a high-level quality of sensors, communication, software, and hardware architecture. In this mobility ecosystem, the infrastructure and data that it will be able to produce is at the heart of current research issues. This paper addresses the following question: Are the Connected and automated Vehicles (CAVs) the silver bullet solution with which to answer the issues of the current mobility systems? This question is discussed by investigating the technologies used, the digital infrastructures, its robustness to cyber-attack, and their relationship with the claimed benefits on safety, energy and pollution management, traffic optimization, deployment strategy, and a link with the new generation of road infrastructures.

scholarly journals ESTIMATED ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF DRIVERASSISTANCE SYSTEMS USED IN AUTOMATED VEHICLES ON THE LEVEL OF ROAD SAFETY IN POLAND

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4, Part 2) ◽  
pp. 325-338
Author(s):  
Małgorzata PĘDZIERSKA ◽  
Piotr PAWLAK ◽  
Mikołaj KRUSZEWSKI ◽  
Samantha JAMSON
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Potential Impact

scholarly journals On the legal problems of operation of highly automated vehicles in road traffic

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-73
Author(s):  
Aleksei Viktorovich Amelichkin
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
The Road ◽  
Safety Improvement ◽  
Legal Mechanism

The subject of this research is the system of legal relations in area of ensuring road safety in terms of operation of highly automated vehicles on public roads. The object of this research is social relations arising in the context of operation of highly automated vehicles traffic on public roads. The goal of this article consists in examination of the normative legal framework that regulates the peculiarities of operation of highly automated vehicles, as well as in development of recommendations for improving the normative legal framework. The author explores the issues of normative legal regulation of operation of highly automated vehicles on public roads. Special attention is given to the current issues of legal nature. The novelty is defined by the need to improve legal mechanism for the operation of highly automated vehicles on public roads. The author identifies the problems and offers solution on enhancing road safety in terms of operation of highly automated vehicles on public roads for protecting the road users. The conclusion is made on the need to revise the normative legal acts in the area of ensuring road safety for the purpose of achieving a positive result from implementation of highly automated vehicles into road traffic. The acquired results can be used in the legislative activity of government authorities, law enforcement practice, educational process of the educational institutions, scientific research of the experts on ensuring road safety, improvement of the branches of the Russian legal system.

Trust in Automation as a Matter of Media Influence and Experi-ence of Automated Vehicles

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 2024-2028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Feldhütter ◽  
Christian Gold ◽  
Adrian Hüger ◽  
Klaus Bengler
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Trust In Automation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Media ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Highly Automated Driving

Highly automated vehicles (HAV), which could help to enhance road safety and efficiency, are very likely to enter the market within the next decades. To have an impact, these systems need to be purchased, which is a matter of trust and acceptance. These factors are dependent on the level of information that one has about such systems. One important source of information is various media, such as newspapers, magazines and videos, in which highly automated driving (HAD) is currently a frequent topic of discussion. To evaluate the influence of media on the perception of HAD, 31 participants were presented with three different types of media addressing HAD in a neutral manner. Afterwards, the participants experienced HAD in the driving simulator. In between these steps, the participants completed questionnaires assessing comfort, trust in automation, increase in safety, intention to use and other factors in order to analyze the effect of the media and the driving simulation experience. Results indicate that the perception of some aspects of HAD were affected by the media presented, while experiencing HAD in the driving simulator generally did not have an effect on the attitude of the participants. Other aspects, such as trust, were not affected by either media or experience. In addition, gender-related differences in the perception of HAD were found.

scholarly journals Holding the keys to health? A scoping study of the population health impacts of automated vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Dean ◽  
Alexander J. Wray ◽  
Lucas Braun ◽  
Jeffrey M. Casello ◽  
Lindsay McCallum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Scoping Study ◽  
Health Implications

Abstract Background Automated Vehicles (AVs) are central to the new mobility paradigm that promises to transform transportation systems and cities across the globe. To date, much of the research on AVs has focused on technological advancements with little emphasis on how this emerging technology will impact population-level health. This scoping study examines the potential health impacts of AVs based on the existing literature. Methods Using Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping protocol, we searched academic and ‘grey’ literature to anticipate the effects of AVs on human health. Results Our search captured 43 information sources that discussed a least one of the five thematic areas related to health. The bulk of the evidence is related to road safety (n = 37), followed by a relatively equal distribution between social equity (n = 24), environment (n = 22), lifestyle (n = 20), and built environment (n = 18) themes. There is general agreement that AVs will improve road safety overall, thus reducing injuries and fatalities from human errors in operating motorized vehicles. However, the relationships with air quality, physical activity, and stress, among other health factors may be more complex. The broader health implications of AVs will be dependent on how the technology is adopted in various transportation systems. Regulatory action will be a significant determinant of how AVs could affect health, as well as how AVs influence social and environmental determinants of health. Conclusion To support researchers and practitioners considering the health implications of AVs, we provide a conceptual map of the direct and indirect linkages between AV use and health outcomes. It is important that stakeholders, including public health agencies work to ensure that population health outcomes and equitable distribution of health impacts are priority considerations as regulators develop their response to AVs. We recommend that public health and transportation officials actively monitor trends in AV introduction and adoption, regulators focus on protecting human health and safety in AV implementation, and researchers work to expand the body of evidence surrounding AVs and population health.

scholarly journals Augmented Reality for Future Mobility: Insights from a Literature Review and HCI Workshop

i-com ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-318
Author(s):  
Andreas Riegler ◽  
Andreas Riener ◽  
Clemens Holzmann
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Enabling Technology ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
The Past ◽  
Road Users

Abstract There is a growing body of research in the field of interaction between drivers/passengers and automated vehicles using augmented reality (AR) technology. Furthering the advancements and availability of AR, the number of use cases in and around vehicles rises. Our literature review reveals that in the past, AR research focussed on increasing road safety and displaying navigational aids, however, more recent research explores the support of immersive (non-)driving related activities, and finally enhance driving and passenger experiences, as well as assist other road users through external human-machine interfaces (HMIs). AR may also be the enabling technology to increase trust and acceptance in automated vehicles through explainable artificial intelligence (AI), and therefore help on the shift from manual to automated driving. We organized a workshop addressing AR in automotive human-computer interaction (HCI) design, and identified a number of challenges including human factors issues that need to be tackled, as well as opportunities and practical usages of AR in future mobility. We believe that our status-quo literature analysis and future-oriented workshop results can serve as a research agenda for user interface designers and researchers when developing automotive AR interfaces.

scholarly journals The European Commission report on ethics of connected and automated vehicles and the future of ethics of transportation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Santoni de Sio
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Applied Ethics ◽  
Responsible Innovation ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Data Ethics

AbstractThe paper has two goals. The first is presenting the main results of the recent report Ethics of Connected and Automated Vehicles: recommendations on road safety, privacy, fairness, explainability and responsibility written by the Horizon 2020 European Commission Expert Group to advise on specific ethical issues raised by driverless mobility, of which the author of this paper has been member and rapporteur. The second is presenting some broader ethical and philosophical implications of these recommendations, and using these to contribute to the establishment of Ethics of Transportation as an independent branch of applied ethics. The recent debate on the ethics of Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) presents a paradox and an opportunity. The paradox is the presence of a flourishing debate on the ethics of one very specific transportation technology without ethics of transportation being in itself a well-established academic discipline. The opportunity is that now that a spotlight has been switched on the ethical dimensions of CAVs it may be easier to establish a broader debate on ethics of transportation. While the 20 recommendations of the EU report are grouped in three macro-areas: road safety, data ethics, and responsibility, in this paper they will be grouped according to eight philosophical themes: Responsible Innovation, road justice, road safety, freedom, human control, privacy, data fairness, responsibility. These are proposed as the first topics for a new ethics of transportation.

scholarly journals An approach to organizing the transition of vehicle control from an automated driving system to a person

Doklady BGUIR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
V. A. Dubovsky ◽  
V. V. Savchenko
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Driving System ◽  
Psychophysiological State ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
Level Monitoring

The analysis of trends in the development of the automotive industry and well-known methods of automating vehicle control served the basis for us to propose an approach to organizing the transfer of vehicle control from an automated driving system to a person. The approach involves monitoring the vehicle performance and the systems that provide automated driving, the state of the environment and the driver's psychophysiological state, as well as road conditions on the upcoming path, predicting the place and time of transition of control to the driver, determining and regulating his/her readiness to take control if necessary. This approach is peculiar for in time of automated driving, the minimum level of the driver's readiness to operate the vehicle is constantly maintained, which is brought to optimal within a certain time before the scheduled transition to manual control. This two-level monitoring of the condition of drivers of highly automated vehicles will improve road safety both in cases of predicted and unexpected need for an emergency transition from automated to manual driving. The aim of the work is to develop a methodology for improving road safety with highly automated vehicles involved.

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