Between a rock and an egg‐crushing place: selection pressure from natural enemies and plant defences on eggs of the viburnum leaf beetle in its native range

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaylord A. Desurmont ◽  
Elven Kerdellant ◽  
Nicolas Lambin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Plant Defences ◽  
Native Range

Silicon enhances natural enemy attraction and biological control through induced plant defences

2009 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.L. Kvedaras ◽  
M. An ◽  
Y.S. Choi ◽  
G.M. Gurr
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Plant Defences ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Arthropod Pests

AbstractSilicon (Si) is known to have a role in constitutive plant defence against arthropod pests, and recent work has illustrated involvement in induced plant defences. The present tri-trophic study tested the hypothesis that Si increases natural enemy attraction to pest-infested plants and improves biological control. Cucumber plants treated with potassium silicate (Si+) and untreated control plants (Si−) were maintained in separately vented glasshouse compartments. Y-tube olfactometer studies showed that adult Dicranolaius bellulus were significantly more attracted to Si+ plants upon which Helicoverpa armigera larvae had fed compared with Si−, pest-infested plants. Predators were not significantly more attracted to Si+ plants when comparing uninfested cucumbers. In a field experiment, we placed H. armigera-infested and uninfested Si+ and Si− cucumber plants in a lucerne stand. Removal rates of H. armigera egg baits showed predation was greater for Si+ infested plants than for other treatments. Results suggest that Si applied to plants with a subsequent pest infestation increases the plants' attractiveness to natural enemies; an effect that was reflected in elevated biological control in the field.

scholarly journals A lack of native congeners may limit colonization of introduced conifers by indigenous insects in Europe

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Roques ◽  
Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg ◽  
Solen Boivin
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Species ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Feeding Habit ◽  
Plantation Forestry ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Arthropod Fauna ◽  
Arthropod Pests

We compared the recruitment of phytophagous arthropod pests onto exotic conifers introduced in Europe without any congeners with that of exotic conifers that have native congeners. In 130 years of extensive plantation forestry in Europe, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) recruited only 87 arthropod species, i.e., only 33.9% of the number of associated arthropod species in its native range (257 spp.). Exotic species of Cupressaceae without indigenous congeners also recruited only a portion (3.4% to 57.9%) of the arthropod fauna observed in their native range. In both cases, the majority of the recruited species were polyphagous, i.e., that they can feed on plants of different families of conifers and (or) angiosperms. In contrast, exotic conifers with native congeners recruited most of the insects colonizing the native congeneric conifers. Differences in arthropod recruitment were observed according to both guild and feeding habit, with the externally feeding herbivores being dominant. Typically, the damage caused by native insects that had been recruited by exotic conifers without congeners was limited, whereas the damage caused by native insects that had been recruited by exotic conifers with congeners often led to severe outbreaks at the time the shift between hosts occurred. However, when a highly specialized exotic insect was introduced along with the host, the invasive insect tended to occupy the entire niche, causing more damage than in the original range, in the absence of natural enemies and indigenous competitors.

Localized outbreak of a willow leaf beetle: plant vigor or natural enemies?

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 0091
Author(s):  
C. Björkman ◽  
B. Bengtsson ◽  
H. Häggström
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Plant Vigor ◽  
Willow Leaf Beetle

scholarly journals Comparative life tables of leek moth, Acrolepiopsis assectella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae), in its native range

2009 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.H. Jenner ◽  
U. Kuhlmann ◽  
P.G. Mason ◽  
N. Cappuccino
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Moth Population ◽  
Acrolepiopsis Assectella ◽  
Leek Moth

AbstractLeek moth, Acrolepiopsis assectella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae), is an invasive alien species in eastern Canada, the larvae of which mine the green tissues of Allium spp. This study was designed to construct and analyse life tables for leek moth within its native range. Stage-specific mortality rates were estimated for the third leek moth generation at three sites in Switzerland from 2004 to 2006 to identify some of the principle factors that inhibit leek moth population growth in areas of low pest density. The contribution of natural enemies to leek moth mortality was measured by comparing mortality on caged and uncaged leeks. Total pre-imaginal mortality on uncaged plants was 99.6%, 99.1% and 96.4% in 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. Variation in mortality was greater among years than among sites. Total larval mortality was greater than that in the eggs and pupae. This was due largely to the high mortality (up to 83.3%) of neonates during the brief period between egg hatch and establishment of the feeding mine. Leek moth pupal mortality was significantly greater on uncaged than on caged leeks, indicating an impact by natural enemies, and this pattern was consistent over all three years of study. In contrast, the other life stages did not show consistently higher mortality rates on uncaged plants. This observation suggests that the pupal stage may be particularly vulnerable to natural enemies and, therefore, may be the best target for classical biological control in Canada.

scholarly journals Oviposition strategy as a means of local adaptation to plant defence in native and invasive populations of the viburnum leaf beetle

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1730) ◽  
pp. 952-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaylord A. Desurmont ◽  
Franck Hérard ◽  
Anurag A. Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Positive Density ◽  
Plant Defences ◽  
Viburnum Opulus ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Wound Responses ◽  
Pyrrhalta Viburni ◽  
Two Populations

Herbivores have been hypothesized to adapt locally to variation in plant defences and such adaptation could facilitate novel associations in the context of biological invasions. Here, we show that in the native range of the viburnum leaf beetle (VLB, Pyrrhalta viburni ), two populations of geographically isolated hosts— Viburnum opulus and Viburnum tinus —have divergent defences against VLB oviposition: negative versus positive density-dependent egg-crushing wound responses, respectively. Populations of beetles coexisting with each host show an adaptive behavioural response: aggregative versus non-aggregative oviposition on V. opulus and V. tinus , respectively. In parallel, we show that in North America, where VLB is invasive, defences of three novel hosts are negatively density-dependent, and beetles' oviposition behaviour is aggregative. Thus, local adaptation to plant defences has the potential to facilitate the invasion of herbivores onto novel hosts.

scholarly journals Dispersal in Host–Parasitoid Interactions: Crop Colonization by Pests and Specialist Enemies

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Evans
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Alfalfa Weevil ◽  
Leaf Beetles ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Cereal Leaf Beetle ◽  
Spatial Refuge ◽  
Northern Utah

Interactions of insect pests and their natural enemies increasingly are being considered from a metapopulation perspective, with focus on movements of individuals among habitat patches (e.g., individual crop fields). Biological control may be undercut in short-lived crops as natural enemies lag behind the pests in colonizing newly created habitat. This hypothesis was tested by assessing parasitism of cereal leaf beetle (Oulema melanopus) and alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica) larvae at varying distances along transects into newly planted fields of small grains and alfalfa in northern Utah. The rate of parasitism of cereal leaf beetles and alfalfa weevils by their host-specific parasitoids (Tetrastichus julis (Eulophidae) and Bathyplectes curculionis (Ichneumonidae), respectively) was determined for earliest maturing first generation host larvae. Rates of parasitism did not vary significantly with increasing distance into a newly planted field (up to 250–700 m in individual experiments) from the nearest source field from which pest and parasitoid adults may have immigrated. These results indicate strong, rapid dispersal of the parasitoids in pursuing their prey into new habitat. Thus, across the fragmented agricultural landscape of northern Utah, neither the cereal leaf beetle nor the alfalfa weevil initially gained substantial spatial refuge from parasitism by more strongly dispersing than their natural enemies into newly created habitat. Additional studies, including those of colonization of newly planted crops by generalist pests and natural enemies, are called for in assessing these results with a broader perspective.

scholarly journals Linear woody landscape elements may help to mitigate leaf surface loss caused by the cereal leaf beetle

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 2225-2238
Author(s):  
Károly Lajos ◽  
Orsolya Császár ◽  
Miklós Sárospataki ◽  
Ferenc Samu ◽  
Ferenc Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Landscape Elements ◽  
Surface Loss ◽  
Cereal Leaf Beetle

Abstract Context Woody semi-natural habitats serve as permanent habitats and hibernation sites for natural enemies and, through spillover processes, they play an important role in the biological control of insect pests. However, this service is also dependent on the amount and configuration of the dominating woody habitat types: linear landscape elements (hedgerows, shelterbelts), and more evenly extended plantations. Relating natural enemy action to the landscape context can help to identify the effect of woody habitats on biological control effectiveness. Objectives In the Central European agricultural landscapes such as in the Hungarian lowlands, where our study took place, woody linear elements are characterised by high, while woody areal elements, mostly plantations, by low biological and structural diversity. In this study, we aimed to determine which composition and configuration of woody linear and areal habitats in the landscape may enhance the effect of natural enemy action on plant damage caused by the cereal leaf beetle (CLB, Oulema melanopus). Methods Herbivory suppression by natural enemies was assessed from the leaf damage difference between caged and open treatments. These exclusion experiments were carried out in 34 wheat fields on plants with controlled CLB infections. The results were related to landscape structure, quantified by different landscape metrics of both woody linear and areal habitats inside buffers between 150 and 500 m radii, surrounding the wheat fields. Results The exclusion of natural enemies increased the leaf surface loss caused by CLBs in all fields. Shelterbelts and hedgerows in 150–200 m vicinity of the wheat fields had a strong suppressing effect on CLB damage, while the presence of plantations at 250 m and further rather impeded natural enemy action. Conclusions Our results indicate that shelterbelts and hedgerows may provide a strong spillover of natural enemies, thus contribute to an enhanced biological control of CLBs.

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