Predictors of HIV/AIDS among individuals with tuberculosis: health and policy implications

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Kennedy ◽  
James Campbell ◽  
Bernard Malanda
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implications ◽  
Hiv Aids

Hope Inspiration among People Living with HIV/AIDS: Theory and Implications for Counselors

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk Zinck ◽  
John Cutcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Stage Theory ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
The Core ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Core Variable ◽  
Hiv Aids

Despite the dramatic reversal in prognosis for people living long-term with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), the literature indicates, counter-intuitively, that PLWHA often do not have much hope for the future. The authors undertook a grounded theory study (Cutcliff & Zinck, 2011) that resulted in a four-stage theory of hope inspiration for PLWHA. Both the core variable, "Turning from death to life, " and the four stages of the theory have significant practice, education, and policy implications for counselors working with PLWHA, which this article explores in detail. It draws attention to specific counselor qualities (i.e., awareness, possessing a working knowledge of HIV/AIDS) and a sense of hope that the authors argue is needed to underpin effective work with PLWHA. It describes hope-inspiring interventions—witnessing hopelessness, punctuating resources, networking, and re-storying—that counselors might consider, linking each to the theory and stages of hope inspiration

scholarly journals HIV/AIDS Among Female Prison Inmates

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cortney A. Franklin ◽  
Noelle E. Fearn ◽  
Travis W. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Female Inmates ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Medical Needs ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Hiv Aids

Research points to the importance of adequate health care in women’s prisons. This is especially important as female inmates are faced with a host of unique and distinct needs, in particular, an increased risk of HIV/AIDS infection. This risk presents a significant public health concern as the majority of female offenders receive limited screening, treatment, education, and counseling related to HIV/AIDS infection and transmission while in prison. Additionally, when these women return to their communities, they are generally ill-equipped to prevent the transmission of their disease. Further, their heath concerns become the responsibility of an already overburdened public health system. Effective medical care in prison alleviates inmates’ growing medical needs and protects the public from the transmission of HIV/AIDS. This study identifies the current state of HIV/AIDS among female inmates in correctional institutions nation wide. We argue that mandatory AIDS screening for all inmates and gender-specific educational programming will lower the rate of transmission and the prevalence of high-risk behaviors, thus reducing pre- and post-release health threats. Future research directions and policy implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Gender Dimensions of the Impact of HIV/AIDS on Stunting in Children Under Five Years in Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Macheka ◽  
George Kembo ◽  
Terrence Kairiza
Keyword(s):  
Household Head ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Test Hypothesis ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: HIV/AIDS can have a disastrous effect on household food and nutrition security, an example includes stunting in children. However, stunting and HIV/AIDS are highly gendered phenomena that need to be explored in order to get an in-depth understanding of the interrelationship. This study was therefore aimed at investigating gender dimensions of the impact of HIV/AIDS on stunting in children under five years from HIV/AIDS affected households in Zimbabwe. Methods: The study uses a large scale nationally representative cross-sectional dataset of 13 854 Zimbabwean households for the year 2019. To test hypothesis 1, the study employs binary choice models (Probit and Logit) since the outcome variable household HIV/AIDS status is dichotomous. To test hypothesis 2 and 3, the study employs the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) approach to circumvent the self selection problem in the creation of treatment and control groups for households affected by HIV/AIDS and those that are not. Results: The results revealed that household HIV/AIDS status is independent of the gender of household head. On the other hand, the results for the PSM estimates show that the probability of the household having a stunted child under five years is higher for households with an HIV positive member compared to those without. In addition, female headed households with an HIV positive member are more likely to have a stunted child under five years compared to male headed households under similar circumstances. Conclusion: Overall, the results provide evidence of a higher risk of stunting among children from households affected by HIV/AIDS. The study offers three major findings. Firstly, the study finds no significant association between gender of the household head and household HIV/AIDS status. Secondly, households that have at least one HIV positive member are more likely to have a stunted child under five years. Lastly, female headed households with at least one HIV positive member are more likely to have a stunted child under five years compared to male headed household with similar HIV/AIDS status. The findings have important policy implications towards improved integration of HIV/AIDS status, household head gender and child nutrition services in affected households.

scholarly journals Gender dimensions of the impact of HIV/AIDS on stunting in children under five years in Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Macheka ◽  
George Kembo ◽  
Terrence Kairiza
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Test Hypothesis ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Children Under 5 ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background HIV/AIDS can have a disastrous effect on household food and nutrition security outcomes such as stunting in children under 5. However, stunting and HIV/AIDS are highly gendered phenomena that need to be explored in order to get an in-depth understanding of the interrelationship. This study was therefore aimed at investigating gender dimensions of the impact of HIV/AIDS on stunting in children under 5 years in Zimbabwe. Methods The study uses a large scale nationally representative cross-sectional dataset of 13,854 Zimbabwean households for the year 2019. To test hypothesis 1, the study employs binary choice models (Probit and Logit) since the outcome variable household HIV/AIDS status is dichotomous. To test hypothesis 2 and 3, the study employs the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) approach to circumvent the self-selection problem in the creation of treatment and control groups for households affected by HIV/AIDS and those that are not. Results The results revealed that household HIV/AIDS status is independent of the gender of household head. On the other hand, the results for the PSM estimates show that the probability of the household having a stunted child under 5 years is higher for households with an HIV positive member compared to those without. In addition, female headed households with an HIV positive member are more likely to have a stunted child under 5 years compared to male headed households under similar circumstances. Conclusion Overall, the results provide evidence of a higher risk of stunting among children from households affected by HIV/AIDS. The study offers three major findings. Firstly, the study finds no significant association between gender of the household head and household HIV/AIDS status. Secondly, households that have at least one HIV positive member are more likely to have a stunted child under 5 years. Lastly, female headed households with at least one HIV positive member are more likely to have a stunted child under 5 years compared to male headed household with similar HIV/AIDS status. The findings have important policy implications towards improved integration of HIV/AIDS status, household head gender and child nutrition services in affected households.

scholarly journals Gender dimensions of the impact of HIV/AIDS on stunting in children under five years in Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Macheka ◽  
George Kembo ◽  
Terrence Kairiza
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: HIV/AIDS can have a disastrous effect on household food and nutrition security outcomes such as stunting in children under 5. However, stunting and HIV/AIDS are highly gendered phenomena that need to be explored in order to get an in-depth understanding of the interrelationship. This study was therefore aimed at investigating gender dimensions of the impact of HIV/AIDS on stunting in children under five years in Zimbabwe. Methods: The study uses a large scale nationally representative cross-sectional dataset of 13 854 Zimbabwean households for the year 2019. Given self-selection bias associated with household HIV/AIDS status, the study employs Propensity Score Matching (PSM) approach to investigate the impact of HIV/AIDS on stunting in children under five years.Results: The results revealed that household HIV/AIDS status is independent of the gender of household head. On the other hand, the results for the PSM estimates show that the probability of the household having a stunted child under five years is higher for households with an HIV positive member compared to those without. In addition, female headed households with an HIV positive member are more likely to have a stunted child under five years compared to male headed households under similar circumstances. Conclusion: Overall, the results provide evidence of a higher risk of stunting among children from households affected by HIV/AIDS. The study offers three major findings. Firstly, the study finds no significant association between gender of the household head and household HIV/AIDS status. Secondly, households that have at least one HIV positive member are more likely to have a stunted child under five years. Lastly, female headed households with at least one HIV positive member are more likely to have a stunted child under five years compared to male headed household with similar HIV/AIDS status. The findings have important policy implications towards improved integration of HIV/AIDS status, household head gender and child nutrition services in affected households.

scholarly journals The impact of diseases on economic growth: the case of Viet Nam

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-437
Author(s):  
Pham Thanh Thai ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Le
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
World Health ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

The spread of diseases is a global challenge which affects life expectancy, productivity and economic growth. A healthy workforce has a faster acquisition of new knowledge to apply it to production and maintains high productivity, thereby promoting economic growth. On the contrary, a disease-infected workforce may have a low level of productivity, high expenses for disease treatment, insufficient health and finance to acquire new knowledge and as such, slowing down the economic growth. This study examines the implications of major infectious diseases, including HIV/AIDS, dengue, malaria and tuberculosis on the economic growth of Vietnam. The cointegration regression model with the ordinary least squares method is applied in the estimation procedure on a time series dataset obtained from World Bank, World Health Organization, UN and the Ministry of Health of Vietnam from 1986 to 2016. The results indicate that the number of new patients of any major infectious disease is negatively related to per-capita income. In particular, a 1% increase in the number of new patients with HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, dengue and malaria leads to a decrease of 0.022%, 0.095%, 0.015% and 0.057% in yearly income, respectively. These findings have significant policy implications in terms of improving the effectiveness of the prevention of infectious diseases, protection of public health so as to boost the economic growth of the country. In addition, the results also provide add to the current literature evidence of the relationship between public health and economic growth in Vietnam.

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of sexual intercourse among sexually active in-school adolescents: an analysis of five sub-Sahara African countries for the adolescent’s sexual health policy implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Festo K. Shayo ◽  
Mariam H. Kalomo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Multiple Partners ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Early and unprotected sex with multiple partners among adolescents carries a high risk of acquiring HIV infections, other sexually transmitted infections as well as high rates of teenage pregnancy. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has a higher burden of HIV/AIDS: the leading cause of deaths among adolescents. We estimated the prevalence and examined the correlates of sexual intercourse among in-school adolescents of SSA. The purpose is to inform the public health programs dedicated to tackling the burden of HIV/AIDS. Methods We did a secondary analysis of the Global School-based Student Health Surveys (GSHS) datasets pooled from five SSA countries Benin, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, and Tanzania. Our current analysis included a sample of 15,318 in-school adolescents. The primary independent variables were ever had sexual intercourse and sex with multiple partners, while the dependent variables were smoking cigarettes, alcohol use, use of marijuana and amphetamine, and parental connectedness. We performed descriptive statistics, and multivariate logistic regression stratified by gender using SPSS Complex Sample Statistics. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant at 95% confidence intervals. Results Out of 15,318 participants, the overall prevalence of ever had sexual intercourse and sex with multiple partners were 43·5% (6670) and 20·9% (3204), respectively. In overall and across each country, male adolescents had a significantly higher proportion of sex with multiple partners than female adolescents, p < 0·001. The predictors of sexual intercourse with multiple partners in both male and females were smoking cigarettes, alcohol use, and use of marijuana and amphetamine. Female adolescents who smoked cigarettes and used marijuana had a significant likelihood of sex with multiple partners than male adolescents: [aOR 3.6, 95% CI: 2.6-5.1] vs [aOR 2.1, 95% CI: 1.7-2.7] and [aOR 2.4, 95% CI: 1.6-3.7] vs [aOR 1.9, 95% CI: 1·3-2·7], respectively. Conclusions Adolescents sexual intercourse and more especially sex with multiple partners was prevalent and strongly correlated with substance use. However, the correlation was higher among female adolescents than male adolescents. A customized public health intervention that targets multiple risk factors concurrently may benefit adolescents with clustering of sexual and non-sexual risk-taking behaviors.

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