Introduction of conventional microbial flora to germfree rats increases the frequency of migrating myoelectric complexes

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. HUSEBYE ◽  
P. M. HELLSTRÖM ◽  
T. MIDTVEDT
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Germfree Rats

scholarly journals GAMMA GLOBULIN PRODUCTION IN GERMFREE RATS AFTER BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION

1959 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bengt E. Gustafsson ◽  
Carl-Bertil Laurell
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Germfree Rats ◽  
Normal Microbial Flora

The earlier observed pronounced hypogammaglobulinemia in germfree rats of different ages has been confirmed. Using an immunologic technique the concentration of immunologic gamma globulins were found to vary between 10 and 15 per cent of the values observed in ordinary rats. Upon contamination of germfree rats with the normal microbial flora a pronounced lag phase was noted before the gamma globulin level became normal. This lag phase was most pronounced in growing rats. Newborn rats seem to start gamma globulin production more rapidly than older germfree rats. The response with regard to gamma globulin production on contamination of germfree rats with different types of bacterial cells through the natural routes is not identical.

Influence of microbial flora on xylose absorption in rats and mice

1963 ◽  
Vol 205 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Heneghan
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Similar Increase ◽  
Twofold Increase ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Germfree Rats

The absence of a microbial flora produced a twofold increase in the absorption of d-xylose in germfree mice as determined by the everted sac technique. The existence of a similar increase was confirmed in germfree rats by using one in vitro and two in vivo techniques. Monocontamination of germfree mice with pure cultures of microorganisms also produced changes in xylose absorption. Studies on water, Na+, and K+ absorption in germfree mice indicated that the flora produces no significant change in the absorption of Na+ or in the movement of water and K+.

Gastrointestinal pH measurement in rats: influence of the microbial flora, diet and fasting

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Ward ◽  
M. E. Coates
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Magnesium Trisilicate ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Gastrointestinal Ph ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Stomach Ph ◽  
Germfree Rats

The pH of the rat intestinal tract was decreased by the presence of a microbial flora, but its influence in the forestomach is less clear. Stomach pH values varied according to the amount of food present at the time of measurement. Fasting increased the pH of the gastrointestinal tract in conventional rats but had little effect in germfree rats. In the conventional rat, feeding a purified diet compared with a commercial diet resulted in a lower pH in the forestomach and a higher pH in the caecal contents. Magnesium trisilicate promoted gastric emptying in conventional rats and its antacid effect was observed only in the caecum and colon.

Sucrase metabolism in germfree rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (6) ◽  
pp. G650-G653
Author(s):  
W. A. Olsen ◽  
H. A. Korsmo
Keyword(s):  
Brush Border ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
The Other ◽  
Germfree Animals ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Intestinal Brush Border ◽  
Pancreatic Proteases ◽  
Germfree Rats ◽  
Surface Removal

We studied degradation of the intestinal brush-border protein sucrase-isomaltase in germfree animals as well as in ex-germfree animals and conventional controls to determine the mechanism by which intestinal bacteria alter disaccharidase levels. Our results indicate that sucrase-isomaltase turnover is as rapid in germfree animals as in the other groups and are consistent with surface removal of disaccharidases by pancreatic proteases under physiological conditions. Our results also suggest that elevated disaccharidase levels in germfree animals are in large part the consequence of an increased number of mature enterocytes, which persists for at least 2 wk after exposure of animals to a conventional microbial flora.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE MICROBIAL FLORA IN UREMIA

1966 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Einheber ◽  
Darryl Carter
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Germfree Rats ◽  
Microbial Status

Germfree rats were used in 3 experiments to study the effects of the microbial flora on survival time after acute uremia produced by a one-stage bilateral nephrectomy. Germfree rats, limited-flora rats, and conventionalized rats (all maintained continuously in isolators) were subjected to nephrectomy or to sham nephrectomy, deprived of food and water until they died, respectively, of uremia or of starvation, and their survival times compared. To establish a limited defined flora in advance of nephrectomy, germfree rats were either monocontaminated (Staphylococcus albus), dicontaminated (S. albus and Proteus mirabilis) or tetracontaminated (S. albus, S. faecalis, P. mirabilis, and E. coli); to conventionalize germfree rats, they were exposed to the mixed microbial flora contained in the cecal contents of ordinary rats, which was the source of the aforementioned bacteria and which included other uncharacterized microorganisms as well. The intestine of all rats with a limited flora persisted in a morphologic state that was virtually no different from that of the germfree rat, including the presence of an enlarged, thin-walled cecum; by contrast, the intestine of the conventionalized rats permanently assumed the morphological characteristics of ordinary, open-laboratory rats with the cecum reduced to normal size. After nephrectomy and food and water deprivation (death from anuria): (a) All germfree rats but one outlived their conventionalized counterparts in each of the 3 experiments; the 21 germfree rats (127 hr) lived, on the average, 2 days longer than did the 24 conventionalized rats (75 hr). No sex difference was demonstrated. (b) The rats with a limited flora died correspondingly sooner as the complexity of their flora increased; survival time of the tetracontaminated rats was significantly shorter than that of the germfree rats, and statistically no different from that of the conventionalized rats. After sham nephrectomy and food and water deprivation (delayed death from starvation): (a) All rats, irrespective of microbial status or sex, outlived their fasting nephrectomized partners. The conventionalized rats endured starvation approximately 2.5 wk longer than they did anuria and the germfree rats 1 wk longer. (b) All conventionalized rats, both male and female, outlived their respective germfree counterparts by about 1 wk. (c) All males, irrespective of microbial status, survived longer than did the females; the average difference was 4 days. The differences in tolerance to anuria or starvation did not correlate with initial body weight or rate of weight loss.

Microbial flora in familial benign chronic pemphigus

1970 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Montes
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Flora

Increased Sensitization of Shrimp Microflora to Hypochlorite following a Sodium Bisulfite Dip1

1984 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA L. PYLE ◽  
JOHN A. KOBURGER
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Sodium Bisulfite ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Sequential Treatment ◽  
Antimicrobial Effectiveness ◽  
Iced Storage

Various concentrations of hypochlorite (12.5 to 200 ppm) and sodium bisulfite (0.15 to 2.50%) applied singly and as successive dips were compared for their effect on the microbial flora of shrimp. It was found that sodium bisulfite exhibited antimicrobial activity at all concentrations tested, with a 50% reduction in bacterial numbers at a concentration of 2.5%. Hypochlorite reduced the bacterial load 75% at a concentration of 200 ppm. Under certain conditions a sequential treatment of shrimp with bisulfite, followed by a hypochlorite dip, significantly increased the antimicrobial effectiveness of the hypochlorite. This synergistic effect, however, was not apparent on shrimp following 24 h of iced storage.

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