Differential expression of human HOX-2 genes along the anterior-posterior axis in embryonic central nervous system

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele Giampaolo ◽  
Dario Acampora ◽  
Vincenzo Zappavigna ◽  
Maria Pannese ◽  
Maurizio D'Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Anterior Posterior ◽  
Anterior Posterior Axis

scholarly journals Roles of Drosophila Hox Genes in the Assembly of Neuromuscular Networks and Behavior

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Joshi ◽  
Rashmi Sipani ◽  
Asif Bakshi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Hox Genes ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
Neuron Morphology ◽  
Developing Region ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Hox genes have been known for specifying the anterior-posterior axis (AP) in bilaterian body plans. Studies in vertebrates have shown their importance in developing region-specific neural circuitry and diversifying motor neuron pools. In Drosophila, they are instrumental for segment-specific neurogenesis and myogenesis early in development. Their robust expression in differentiated neurons implied their role in assembling region-specific neuromuscular networks. In the last decade, studies in Drosophila have unequivocally established that Hox genes go beyond their conventional functions of generating cellular diversity along the AP axis of the developing central nervous system. These roles range from establishing and maintaining the neuromuscular networks to controlling their function by regulating the motor neuron morphology and neurophysiology, thereby directly impacting the behavior. Here we summarize the limited knowledge on the role of Drosophila Hox genes in the assembly of region-specific neuromuscular networks and their effect on associated behavior.

Differential expression of the EF-hand calcium-binding protein calsensin in the central nervous system of hirudinid leeches

1996 ◽  
Vol 286 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Veldman ◽  
Yueqiao Huang ◽  
John Jellies ◽  
Kristen M. Johansen ◽  
Jørgen Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Calcium Binding Protein ◽  
Ef Hand ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Revisiting kinorhynch segmentation: variation of segmental patterns in the nervous system of three aberrant species

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Herranz ◽  
Taeseo Park ◽  
Maikon Di Domenico ◽  
Brian S. Leander ◽  
Martin V. Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Plan ◽  
Morphological Disparity ◽  
Spatial Correspondence ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Anterior Posterior ◽  
Anterior Posterior Axis

Abstract Background Kinorhynch segmentation differs from the patterns found in Chordata, Arthropoda and Annelida which have coeloms and circulatory systems. Due to these differences and their obsolete status as ‘Aschelminthes’, the microscopic kinorhynchs are often not acknowledged as segmented bilaterians. Yet, morphological studies have shown a conserved segmental arrangement of ectodermal and mesodermal organ systems with spatial correspondence along the anterior-posterior axis. However, a few aberrant kinorhynch lineages present a worm-like body plan with thin cuticle and less distinct segmentation, and thus their study may aid to shed new light on the evolution of segmental patterns within Kinorhyncha. Results Here we found the nervous system in the aberrant Cateria styx and Franciscideres kalenesos to be clearly segmental, and similar to those of non-aberrant kinorhynchs; hereby not mirroring their otherwise aberrant and posteriorly shifted myoanatomy. In Zelinkaderes yong, however, the segmental arrangement of the nervous system is also shifted posteriorly and misaligned with respect to the cuticular segmentation. Conclusions The morphological disparity together with the distant phylogenetic positions of F. kalenesos, C. styx and Z. yong support a convergent origin of aberrant appearances and segmental mismatches within Kinorhyncha.

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