Short term bone healing in calcium deficiency osteopenia and disuse osteopenia: experimental studies in adult rats

The article deals with the development of a physical model of a car equipped with measuring, recording and remote control equipment for experimental study of car properties. A detailed description of the design of the physical model and of the electronic modules used is given, links to application libraries and the code of the first part of the program for remote control of the model are given. Atmega microcontroller on the Arduino Uno platform was used to manage the model and register the parameters. When moving the car on the memory card saved such parameters as speed, voltage on the motor, current on the motor, the angle of the steered wheel, acceleration along three coordinate axes are recorded. Use of more powerful microcontrollers will allow to expand the list of the registered parameters of movement of the car. It is possible to measure the forces acting on the elements of the car and other parameters. In the future, it is planned to develop a mathematical model of motion of the car and check its adequacy in conducting experimental studies on maneuverability on the physical model. In addition, it is possible to conduct studies of stability and consumption of electrical energy. The physical model allows to quickly change geometric dimensions and mass parameters. In the study of highway trains, this approach will allow to investigate the various layout schemes of highway trains in the short term. It is possible to make two-axle road trains and saddle towed trains, three-way hitched trains of different layout. The results obtained will allow us to improve not only the mathematical model, but also the experimental physical model, and move on to further study the properties of hybrid road trains with an active trailer link. This approach allows to reduce material and time costs when researching the properties of cars and road trains. Keywords: car, physical model, experiment, road trains, sensor, remote control, maneuverability, stability.

Download Full-text

Compensatory growth of pancreatic beta-cells in adult rats after short-term glucose infusion

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/diabetes.38.1.49 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 49-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

S. Bonner-Weir ◽

D. Deery ◽

J. L. Leahy ◽

G. C. Weir

Keyword(s):

Beta Cells ◽

Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽

Compensatory Growth ◽

Glucose Infusion ◽

Short Term ◽

Adult Rats

Download Full-text

The capacity of short term memory from an evolutionary perspective

10.31234/osf.io/zdsya ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Majid Manoochehri

Keyword(s):

Short Term Memory ◽

Memory Span ◽

Critical Role ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Cognitive System ◽

Evolutionary Approach ◽

Evolutionary Perspective ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory

Memory span in humans has been intensely studied for more than a century. In spite of the critical role of memory span in our cognitive system, which intensifies the importance of fundamental determinants of its evolution, few studies have investigated it by taking an evolutionary approach. Overall, we know hardly anything about the evolution of memory components. In the present study, I briefly review the experimental studies of memory span in humans and non-human animals and shortly discuss some of the relevant evolutionary hypotheses.

Download Full-text

Short-Term Exposure to Enriched Environment in Adult Rats Restores MK-801-Induced Cognitive Deficits and GABAergic Interneuron Immunoreactivity Loss

Molecular Neurobiology ◽

10.1007/s12035-017-0715-z ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 26-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ane Murueta-Goyena ◽

Naiara Ortuzar ◽

Pascual Ángel Gargiulo ◽

José Vicente Lafuente ◽

Harkaitz Bengoetxea

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Deficits ◽

Enriched Environment ◽

Gabaergic Interneuron ◽

Short Term ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Mk 801 ◽

Short Term Exposure

Download Full-text

Short-term regular moderate exercise improved male hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function via the reduction of hypothalamic neurokinin B expression in adult rats

Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.32598/ppj.25.2.20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 171-177

Author(s):

Nazli Khajehnasiri ◽

◽

Homayoun Khazali ◽

Farzam Sheikhzadeh Hesari, ◽

Hamid Reza Sadeghnia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Moderate Exercise ◽

Short Term ◽

Neurokinin B ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Hpg Axis ◽

Intensive Exercise ◽

Reproductive Axis ◽

Gnrh Neurons

Introduction: In the arcuate nucleus, kisspeptin, neurokinin-B and pro-dynorphin (KNDy) neurons control the function of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. Early investigations indicated that exercise with various intensities affects luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) in different ways. Meanwhile the molecular mechanisms underlying its function not yet been fully understood. Accordingly, the present study evaluated the role of alterations in the levels of KNDy mRNA upstream of GnRH neurons in conveying the effects of various short-term exercise intensities on the male hypothermic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Methods: Twenty-one adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control, one-month regular moderate exercise (ME) and one-month regular intensive exercise (IE). In ME (22m/min) and IE (35m/min) groups, the rats were treated 5 days a week for 60min each day. Finally, we assessed serum levels of LH and T using the ELIZA technique and KNDy and Gnrh mRNA expression by the real-time PCR method. Results: The results revealed that in ME group the expression of Nkb was reduced and the expression of Gnrh mRNA and the LH and T serum levels were increased. However, intensive exercise did not change the serum levels of LH and T or the relative expression of kiss1, Nkb, Pdyn and Gnrh genes. Conclusion: The results suggested that monthly moderate exercise improved male reproductive axis function, while intensive exercise did not have an adverse effect on the reproductive axis. These various effects on the male HPG axis may be propagated by the change in hypothalamic Nkb gene expression.

Download Full-text

Differential effect of short-term etidronate treatment on three cancellous bone sites in orchidectomized adult rats

The Keio Journal of Medicine ◽

10.2302/kjm.53.12 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 12-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jun Iwamoto ◽

Tsuyoshi Takeda ◽

Shoichi Ichimura

Keyword(s):

Cancellous Bone ◽

Differential Effect ◽

Short Term ◽

Adult Rats

Download Full-text

Effects of short- and long-term treatments of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) protein hydrolysates on blood lipid concentrations and antioxidant status, in rats fed cholesterol-enriched diets

South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.38150/sajeb.11(6).p733-745 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 733-745

Author(s):

Nora Athmani ◽

Allaoui Amine ◽

Nasri Moncef ◽

Boualga Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Experimental Studies ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Protein Hydrolysates ◽

High Cholesterol ◽

Short Term ◽

Hypercholesterolemic Diet ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes Activities ◽

Radical Attack

Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). A limited number of experimental studies have shown that sardine protein hydrolysates (SPH) could be a very useful natural compound to prevent hy-percholesterolemia by both improving the lipoprotein profile and modula-ting oxidative stress. In the present study, the effect of short and long term treatments with SPH were examined on serum lipid contents, lipid peroxida-tion and antioxidant enzymes activities in rats fed cholesterol-enriched diet. At day 0, rats were divided into five groups. The group of day 0 was the stan-dard group, and the four remaining groups were divided into two parts of two groups each consuming for 14 or 28 days an hypercholesterolemic diet, and treated (HC-SPH) or not (HC) by gavage with SPH. Compared with day 0, serum TC contents were increased at day 14 and remained unchanged at day 28 in HC-SPH group. These values were decreased in HC-SPH versus HC. Liver and heart TBARS concentrations were increased at day 14 then diminished at day 28 in HC-SPH group. Liver and heart SOD and CAT activities were decrea-sed at short term then remained unchanged at long term in HC-SPH group. In addition, these activities were enhanced in HC-SPH versus HC. In conclusion, these results indicate the potential effects of short and long term treatments of SPH to improved cholesterolemia and reduced radical attack in rats fed high-cholesterol diets.

Download Full-text

NIGELLA SATIVA HAS BENEFICIAL EFFECT ON OSTEOPOROSIS AND BONE HEALING. IS IT FACT OR FICTION? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i5.17437 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

Muhamed T Osman

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Bone Healing ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Nigella Sativa ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Molecular Targets ◽

The Elderly ◽

Potential Effect ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Black Seed

Osteoporosis is the most common reason for a broken bone among the elderly. Several experimental studies have been reported that Nigella sativa(NS) and/or its major component thymoquinone (TQ) have good effects on osteoporosis and bone healing. We conducted this systematic review toevaluate these relevant studies to prove whether NS and/or TQ has potential effect on osteoporosis and can stop pathogenesis of this disease or thismatter still just a fiction. A search on published studies was done using databases including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, andCINAHIL. Terms searched included “Nigella sativa, black seed, TQ, osteoporosis, bone healing.” Initially, 213 articles were extracted. After reviewing their titles and abstracts, 124 articles (Medline, 43; Scopus, 67; EBSCO, 14) were retrieved for further evaluation. However, after excluding the clinical trial studies, human reviews, removal of abstracts and unrelated studies, seven studies were considered finally as eligible for our review. Finally, seven studies were considered eligible for our review. The total number of animals used was 220 (150 rats and 70 rabbits) from different experimental study. Based on the results of this systematic review, we conclude that NS or TQ extract therapy for osteoporosis cannot be recommended yet and these data will not suffice to exclude the beneficial effects of NS on bone turnover reliably. Therefore, more studies are required to explore the specific cellular and molecular targets of NS or TQ using animal osteoporosis models. Once the anti-osteoporotic effectiveness of NS or TQ will be established, human studies can be carried out.Keywords: Nigella sativa, Black seed, Thymoquinone, Osteoporosis, Bone healing.

Download Full-text

Ketamine Improves the Management of Exaggerated Postoperative Pain Observed in Perioperative Fentanyl-treated Rats

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00000542-200502000-00028 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 102 (2) ◽

pp. 421-428 ◽

Cited By ~ 95

Author(s):

Philippe Richebé ◽

Cyril Rivat ◽

Jean-Paul Laulin ◽

Pierre Maurette ◽

Guy Simonnet

Keyword(s):

Pain Management ◽

Postoperative Pain ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Postoperative Pain Management ◽

Opioid Use ◽

Short Term ◽

Postoperative Rehabilitation ◽

Pain Hypersensitivity ◽

Plantar Incision

Background Although opioids are unsurpassed analgesics, experimental and clinical studies suggest that opioids activate N-methyl-d-aspartate pronociceptive systems leading to pain hypersensitivity and short-term tolerance. Because it is difficult in humans to differentiate pain from hyperalgesia during the postoperative period, the authors performed experimental studies with fentanyl using the rat incisional pain model for evaluating relations between hyperalgesia and short-term tolerance. Because N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists oppose both pain hypersensitivity and tolerance induced by opioids, the authors examined the capability of ketamine for improving exaggerated postoperative pain management. Methods During halothane anesthesia, a hind paw plantar incision was performed in rats receiving four fentanyl subcutaneous injections (100 microg/kg per injection, every 15 min). In some groups, three subcutaneous ketamine injections (10 mg/kg per injection, every 5 h) were performed in saline- or fentanyl-treated rats. One day after surgery, the analgesic effect of morphine (2 mg/kg subcutaneous) was tested. Analgesia, mechanical hyperalgesia, tactile allodynia, and pain score were assessed for several days using the paw pressure vocalization test, the von Frey application test, and the postural disequilibrium test. Results Fentanyl induced analgesia but also produced exaggerated postoperative pain as indicated by the enhancement of hyperalgesia, allodynia, and weight-bearing decrease after hind paw plantar incision. Ketamine pretreatment prevented such a fentanyl-induced enhancement of postoperative pain and improved its management by morphine. Conclusions By opposing postoperative pain hypersensitivity and subsequent short-term tolerance induced by perioperative opioid use, ketamine not only improves exaggerated postoperative pain management but also provides better postoperative rehabilitation.

Download Full-text