scholarly journals Computer-assisted cognitive remediation in adolescents with psychosis or at risk for psychosis: a 6-month follow-up

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 328-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Urben ◽  
Sandrine Pihet ◽  
Laure Jaugey ◽  
Olivier Halfon ◽  
Laurent Holzer
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Cognitive Remediation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Effective Work

Urben S, Pihet S, Jaugey L, Halfon O, Holzer L. Computer-assisted cognitive remediation in adolescents with psychosis or at risk for psychosis: a 6-month follow-up.Objective: To investigate short-term outcomes of a computer-assisted cognitive remediation (CACR) for adolescents with psychotic disorders or at high risk for psychosis.Method: Cognitive abilities and clinical status were assessed at baseline (N = 32) and at 6-month follow-up (N = 22) after enrolment in either a CACR (treatment group) or a computer games (control group) program (8 weeks).Results: With regard to the cognitive abilities, no amelioration was found in the control group while, in the CACR group, significant improvements in inhibition (p = 0.040) and reasoning (p = 0.005) were observed. Furthermore, symptom severity decreased significantly in the control group (p = 0.046) and marginally in the CACR group (p = 0.088). Improvements in cognitive abilities were not associated with symptoms' amelioration. Finally, increase in reasoning abilities was related to the median effective work time in sessions of CACR (R = 0.64, p = 0.024).Conclusion: At follow-up, enhanced cognitive abilities (reasoning and inhibition), which are necessary for executing higher-order goals or adapting behaviour to the ever-changing environment, were reported in adolescents participants of the CACR. Thus, further studies are needed to confirm and extend these interesting results.

scholarly journals A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effectiveness of Computer-Assisted Cognitive Remediation (CACR) in Adolescents with Psychosis or at High Risk of Psychosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Holzer ◽  
Sebastien Urben ◽  
Christina Moses Passini ◽  
Laure Jaugey ◽  
Michael H. Herzog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cognitive Remediation ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Background: Computer assisted cognitive remediation (CACR) was demonstrated to be efficient in improving cognitive deficits in adults with psychosis. However, scarce studies explored the outcome of CACR in adolescents with psychosis or at high risk. Aims: To investigate the effectiveness of a computer-assisted cognitive remediation (CACR) program in adolescents with psychosis or at high risk. Method: Intention to treat analyses included 32 adolescents who participated in a blinded 8-week randomized controlled trial of CACR treatment compared to computer games (CG). Cognitive abilities, symptoms and psychosocial functioning were assessed at baseline and posttreatment. Results: Improvement in visuospatial abilities was significantly greater in the CACR group than in CG. Other cognitive functions, psychotic symptoms and psychosocial functioning improved significantly, but at similar rates, in the two groups. Conclusion: CACR can be successfully administered in this population; it proved to be effective over and above CG for the most intensively trained cognitive ability.

A Randomised Controlled Trial of Strategies to Prompt Attendance for a Pap Smear

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Bowman ◽  
Rob Sanson-Fisher ◽  
Catherine Boyle ◽  
Stephanie Pope ◽  
Sally Redman
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Screening Attendance ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Objective – To assess the comparative efficacy, by randomised controlled trial, of three interventions designed to encourage “at risk” women to have a Pap smear: an educational pamphlet; letters inviting attendance at a women's health clinic; and letters from physicians. Methods – Subjects at risk for cervical cancer who had not been adequately screened were identified by a random community survey and randomly allocated to one of the intervention groups or a control group. Six months after intervention implementation, a follow up survey assessed subsequent screening attendance. Self report was validated by comparison with a national screening data base. Results – A significantly greater proportion of women (36.9%) within the group receiving a physician letter reported screening at follow up than in any other group (P =0.012). The variables most strongly predicting screening attendance were: age, perceived frequency of screening required, use of oral contraceptives, and allocation to receive the physician letter intervention. Conclusions – The relative efficacy of the GP letter in prompting screening attendance shows that this strategy is worthy of further investigation. There remains a need to examine the barriers to screening for older women, and to develop tailored strategies for this population.

Computer-assisted cognitive remediation program for adolescents at high risk of psychosis or with psychotic disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. e85-e86
Author(s):  
Raffaella Torrisi ◽  
Laurent Holzer ◽  
Sandrine Pihet ◽  
Sonja Suter ◽  
A. Aeberhard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Remediation ◽  
Computer Assisted

scholarly journals Longitudinal follow-up in acute and transient psychotic disorders and schizophrenia

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Pillmann ◽  
Andreas Marneros
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Level Of Functioning ◽  
General Functioning ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level ◽  
Observation Period

SummaryWe prospectively studied the long-term course of individuals with acute and transient psychotic disorders and a control group with positive schizophrenia matched for age and gender. Follow-up investigations using standardised instruments were performed at three time-points covering 7 years after the index episode or 12 years after the first episode. During follow-up, those with positive schizophrenia experienced a deterioration in their general functioning whereas those with acute and transient psychotic disorders retained their high level of functioning. At the end of the observation period, 12 out of 39 (31%) of those with acute and transient psychotic disorders were functioning well without medication compared with 0 out of 38 with positive schizophrenia.

Social Attention in 47,XXY (Klinefelter Syndrome): Visual Scanning of Facial Expressions Using Eyetracking

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 364-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie van Rijn
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Klinefelter Syndrome ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Visual Scanning ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractBoys and men with an extra X chromosome (47,XXY, Klinefelter syndrome) are at risk for problems in social functioning and have an increased vulnerability for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In the search for underlying mechanisms driving this increased risk, this study focused on social attention, that is, spontaneous orientation toward facial expressions. Seventeen adults with 47,XXY and 20 non-clinical controls participated in this study. Social attention was measured using an eyetracking method that quantifies the visual scanning patterns of faces expressing different types of emotions (happy, fearful, angry, neutral) and their varying intensity levels (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%). Overall, the group with Klinefelter syndrome fixated less on the eye region of faces when compared to controls (Cohen’s d 1.4), and did not show the typical tendency, as was found in the control group, to first fixate on the eyes when presented with a face (Cohen’s d 1.0). There was no significant effect of type or intensity of emotion. Shorter looking times toward eyes showed a borderline significant correlation with self-reports of poorer social functioning, with 29% explained variance. These findings suggest a reduced tendency to rapidly and automatically attend to the eyes of others in individuals with 47,XXY. This may have impact on more complex social-cognitive abilities that build upon this. In addition to studies of behaviorally defined disorders such as ASD, studying individuals with Klinefelter syndrome provide insight into mechanisms underlying various “at risk” pathways of social dysfunction and the factors that mediate this risk. (JINS, 2015, 21, 364–372)

scholarly journals The Effect of Solution-Focused Counseling on Violence Rate and Quality of Life of Pregnant Women at Risk of Domestic Violence: A randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Din Mohammadi ◽  
Mohsen Dadashi ◽  
Elahe Ahmadnia ◽  
leila Janani ◽  
Roghieh Kharaghani
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Solution Focused

Abstract Background: Domestic violence is considered as one of the most common social problems, which can affect the quality of life of women. The problem of preventing and controlling this problem, especially during pregnancy, is one of the basic challenges of health systems. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of counseling based on conflict solution on the rate of violence and quality of life of pregnant women at risk of domestic violence. Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial on 90 pregnant women, who were selected from maternity wards in health center number three in Zanjan city. Women who had inclusion criteria based on the domestic violence conflict tactics scale (CTS-2) selected with convenience sampling and randomly divided into two groups of intervention (45 people) and control (45 people) with a blocked randomization method. The intervention group received six counseling sessions with a solution-focused approach and the control group received no intervention. Study tool included demographic and reproductive questionnaires CTS- 2 and short form health survey (SF-36); which completed at baseline and six weeks follow-up in both groups. The results were analyzed by nonparametric ANCOVA using SPSS and R soft wares.Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the physical violence (P=0.001), psychological violence (P=0.001), and sexual violence (P=0.001) in the intervention group compared to the control group at six weeks follow- up. There were significant improvements in negotiation scores in the intervention group (P˂0.001). Moreover, there were significant differences in the quality of life scores (P=0.001), vitality (p=0.003), psychological health (p=0.004), bodily pain (p=0.014), physical functioning (p=0.023), and social functioning (p=0.019) between the two groups at the follow- up period.Conclusion: According to the result, individual counseling based on a solution-based approach reduces the amount of domestic violence and increases the quality of life of pregnant women at risk of violence.Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT2017040628352N4. Date of registration: August 20th 2017.

Features of chorioretinal hemodynamics against the background of correction of endothelial dysfunction in women after preeclampsia

2021 ◽  
pp. 325-329
Author(s):  
О.V. Kolenko ◽  
◽  
Е.L. Sorokin ◽  
А.А. Fil ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Prophylactic Treatment ◽  
Prediction Algorithm ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Retinal Pathology

Purpose. To assess the clinical efficacy of drug correction of endothelial dysfunction in women at risk using the study of chorioretinal hemodynamic parameters. Material and methods. Using the prediction algorithm developed by us, 60 women were selected at risk of developing vascular retinal pathology. All women were divided into two subgroups. 1st group – 30 patients who underwent courses of drug correction of endothelial dysfunction; 2nd group included 30 women who did not receive courses of prophylactic treatment. The control group was represented by 30 women who underwent physiological pregnancy. The entire population of women underwent a study of the parameters of chorioretinal hemodynamics. Results. By the end of the follow-up period (3–4.5 years) in the 1st group there was a statistically significant improvement in the parameters of chorioretinal hemodynamics in comparison with both the 2nd group in the period 3 years after childbirth, and with the indicators of the 1st group after 6–8 months after childbirth. Conclusion. It can be argued that in the group of women who underwent long-term drug correction of endothelial dysfunction, there was a statistically significant improvement in a number of indicators of chorioretinal hemodynamics compared with women who did not receive prophylactic treatment (p<0.01). Key words: chorioretinal hemodynamics, macular blood flow, linear blood flow velocity, preeclampsia, endothelial dysfunction, drug correction of endothelial dysfunction.

Randomised controlled trial of compliance therapy

1998 ◽  
Vol 172 (5) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roisin Kemp ◽  
George Kirov ◽  
Brian Everitt ◽  
Peter Hayward ◽  
Anthony David
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Psychotic Episode ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Survival ◽  
Randomised Controlled

BackgroundA randomised controlled trial was conducted in an acute treatment setting to examine the effectiveness of compliance therapy, a brief pragmatic intervention targeting treatment adherence in psychotic disorders, based on motivational interviewing and recent cognitive approaches to psychosis.MethodSeventy-four patients with psychotic disorders according to DSM–III–R criteria recruited from consecutive admissions to an acute in-patient unit, received 4–6 sessions of either compliance therapy or non-specific counselling, and were followed-up over 18 months. The principal outcome measures were observer-rated compliance, attitudes to treatment, insight and social functioning.ResultsSignificant advantages were found for the compliance therapy group post-treatment on measures of insight, attitudes to treatment and observer-rated compliance which were retained over the follow-up period. Global social functioning improved relatively more over time in the compliance therapy group compared with the control group. Survival in the community prior to readmission was significantly longer in the compliance therapy group.ConclusionsThe results support the effectiveness of compliance therapy in improving functioning and community tenure after an acute psychotic episode.

scholarly journals Changes in neurocognitive functioning during transition to manifest disease: comparison of individuals at risk for schizophrenic and bipolar affective psychoses

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 2123-2134 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Metzler ◽  
D. Dvorsky ◽  
C. Wyss ◽  
M. Müller ◽  
M. Gerstenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Neurocognitive Functioning ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Risk Criteria ◽  
Neurocognitive Measures

BackgroundNeurocognitive deficits are important aspects of schizophrenic disorder because they have a strong impact on social and vocational outcomes. Previously it was assumed that cognitive abilities progressively deteriorate with illness onset. However, recent research results have contradicted this with observations of continuous or even improved performance in individuals at risk for psychosis or manifest schizophrenia. The objective of our longitudinal study was to examine neurocognitive functioning in help-seeking individuals meeting basic symptoms or ultra-high-risk criteria for schizophrenic psychosis (HRSchiz) or risk criteria for affective psychosis (HRBip). The progression of cognitive functioning in individuals converting to psychosis was compared with that of at-risk individuals who did not convert during the follow-up period.MethodData were available from 86 study participants who completed neurocognitive and clinical assessments at baseline and, on average, 12.8 (s.d. = 1.5) months later. Neurocognitive measures were grouped according to their load in factor analysis to five cognitive domains: speed, attention, fluency, learning and memory, and working memory.ResultsNeurocognitive functioning in HRSchiz and HRBip individuals generally improved over time. Subjects converting to manifest psychosis displayed a stable neurocognitive profile from baseline to follow-up. Compared with non-converters, they had already demonstrated a significantly lower level of performance during their baseline examinations.ConclusionsOur data provide no evidence for a progressive cognitive decline in individuals at risk of psychosis. In line with the neurodevelopmental model, our findings suggest that cognitive deficits are already present very early, before or during the prodromal stage of the illness.

scholarly journals Associations between Trace Elements and Cognitive Decline: An Exploratory 5-Year Follow-Up Study of an Elderly Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6051
Author(s):  
Bianca Gerardo ◽  
Marina Cabral Pinto ◽  
Joana Nogueira ◽  
Paula Pinto ◽  
Agostinho Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Elderly Cohort

Trace elements (TE) homeostasis is crucial in normal brain functioning. Although imbalances have the potential to exacerbate events leading neurodegenerative diseases, few studies have directly addressed the eventual relationships between TE levels in the human body and future cognitive status. The present study aimed to assess how different TE body-levels relate to cognitive decline. This exploratory research included a study-group (RES) of 20 elderly individuals living in two Portuguese geographical areas of interest (Estarreja; Mértola), as well as a 20 subjects neuropsychological control-group (CTR). Participants were neuropsychologically assessed through the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the RES group was biomonitored for TE through fingernail analysis. After 5 years, the cognitive assessments were repeated. Analyses of the RES neuropsychological data showed an average decrease of 6.5 and 5.27 points in MMSE and MoCA, respectively, but TE contents in fingernails were generally within the referenced values for non-exposed individuals. Higher levels of Nickel and Selenium significantly predicted lesser cognitive decline within 5 years. Such preliminary results evidence an association between higher contents of these TE and higher cognitive scores at follow-up, suggesting their contribution to the maintenance of cognitive abilities. Future expansion of the present study is needed in order to comprehensively assess the potential benefits of these TE.

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