Effect of training and environment on brain morphology and behavior

1997 ◽  
Vol 86 (S422) ◽  
pp. 45-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
LM Schrott
Keyword(s):  
Brain Morphology ◽  
And Behavior

Brain plasticity in response to short-term exposure to corticosterone in larval amphibians

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth S. Cha ◽  
Madison T. Uhrin ◽  
Sara J McClelland ◽  
Sarah Woodley
Keyword(s):  
Neural Development ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Leopard Frog ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Vertebrate Brain ◽  
Larval Amphibians ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Brain Shape

Exposure to stressors and elevation of glucocorticoid hormones such as corticosterone (CORT) has widespread effects on vertebrate brain development. Previous studies have shown that exposure to environmental stressors alters larval amphibian brain morphology and behavior, yet the effects of CORT on amphibian neural development are still unknown. We exposed prometamorphic Northern Leopard Frog (Lithobates pipiens (Schreber, 1782)) tadpoles for 7 days to a concentration of exogenous CORT (45.56 g/L ) that produced physiologically-relevant increases in plasma CORT. This brief exposure to CORT, relatively late in development, resulted in a significantly larger diencephalon width (relative to body mass) when compared to controls. Although we were unable to detect changes in behavior or body morphology, our results indicate that brain shape is modulated by exposure to CORT. More studies are needed to better understand what accounts for the CORT-induced change in brain shape as well as the functional consequences of these changes.

scholarly journals Multivariate analysis reveals shared genetic architecture of brain morphology and human behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald de Vlaming ◽  
Eric A. W. Slob ◽  
Philip R. Jansen ◽  
Alain Dagher ◽  
Philipp D. Koellinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain

AbstractHuman variation in brain morphology and behavior are related and highly heritable. Yet, it is largely unknown to what extent specific features of brain morphology and behavior are genetically related. Here, we introduce a computationally efficient approach for multivariate genomic-relatedness-based restricted maximum likelihood (MGREML) to estimate the genetic correlation between a large number of phenotypes simultaneously. Using individual-level data (N = 20,190) from the UK Biobank, we provide estimates of the heritability of gray-matter volume in 74 regions of interest (ROIs) in the brain and we map genetic correlations between these ROIs and health-relevant behavioral outcomes, including intelligence. We find four genetically distinct clusters in the brain that are aligned with standard anatomical subdivision in neuroscience. Behavioral traits have distinct genetic correlations with brain morphology which suggests trait-specific relevance of ROIs. These empirical results illustrate how MGREML can be used to estimate internally consistent and high-dimensional genetic correlation matrices in large datasets.

scholarly journals Some Remarks on Bird's Brain and Behavior under the Constraints of Domestication

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Mehlhorn ◽  
Gerd Rehkämper
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Domestic Poultry ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between domestication and evolution is still a matter of discussion. In this review, we present some arguments for the assumption that domestication could be seen as an evolutionary process including the possibility that new species might evolve. In course of domestication, many breeds have been developed which show numerous alterations in different parameters such as body size, coloring, habitat, behavior, and brain size and composition. Here, we would like to give an overview particularly about alterations and varieties in (brain) morphology and behavior in domestic poultry and argue that these alterations could be seen as adaptations to the man-made environment.

scholarly journals Beyond Classical Inheritance: The Influence of Maternal Genotype upon Child's Brain Morphology and Behavior

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (29) ◽  
pp. 9516-9521 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. F. van der Knaap ◽  
H. El Marroun ◽  
F. Klumpers ◽  
S. E. Mous ◽  
V. W. V. Jaddoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Maternal Genotype ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Child's Brain

scholarly journals The Effects of Domestication on the Brain and Behavior of the Chicken in the Light of Evolution

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Julia Mehlhorn ◽  
Svenja Caspers
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Artificial Selection ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Domestic Chicken ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain

The avian class is characterized by particularly strong variability in their domesticated species. With more than 250 breeds and highly efficient commercial lines, domestic chickens represent the outcome of a really long period of artificial selection. One characteristic of domestication is the alterations in brain size and brain composition. The influence of domestication on brain morphology has been reviewed in the past, but mostly with a focus on mammals. Studies on avian species have seldom been taken into account. In this review, we would like to give an overview about the changes and variations in (brain) morphology and behavior in the domestic chicken, taking into consideration the constraints of evolutionary theory and the sense or nonsense of excessive artificial selection.

Simulated viral infection in early-life alters brain morphology, activity and behavior in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)

2018 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
Ahmet Kerim Uysal ◽  
Lynn B. Martin ◽  
Nathan D. Burkett-Cadena ◽  
Douglas G. Barron ◽  
Toru Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Taeniopygia Guttata ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Zebra Finches ◽  
And Behavior

The transfer of the main locus of catalepsy to the genome of C57Bl/6 strain produced profound alterations in the brain morphology and behavior

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. S180
Author(s):  
E.A. Kulikova ◽  
D.V. Bazovkina ◽  
A.E. Akulov ◽  
A.V. Kulikov ◽  
E.M. Kondaurova
Keyword(s):  
Brain Morphology ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Multivariate analysis reveals shared genetic architecture of brain morphology and human behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald de Vlaming ◽  
Eric A.W. Slob ◽  
Philip R Jansen ◽  
Alain Dagher ◽  
Philipp D. Koellinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grey Matter ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Genomic Relatedness ◽  
Shared Genetic

Human variation in brain morphology and behavior are related and highly heritable. Yet, it is largely unknown to what extent specific features of brain morphology and behavior are genetically related. Here, we introduce multivariate genomic-relatedness restricted maximum likelihood (MGREML) and provide estimates of the heritability of grey-matter volume in 74 regions of interest (ROIs) in the brain. We map genetic correlations between these ROIs and health-relevant behavioral outcomes including intelligence. We find four genetically distinct clusters in the brain that are aligned with standard anatomical subdivision in neuroscience. Behavioral traits have distinct genetic correlations with brain morphology which suggests trait-specific relevance of ROIs.

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